Anti-inflammatory dietary pattern in HIV-NAFLD patients as drive to weight loss: preliminary results

Wrong alimentary behaviors and so-called “junk food” are a driving force for the rising incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children and adults. The “junk food” toxicity can be studied in “cafeteria” (CAF) diet animal model. Young rats exposed to CAF diet become obese and rapidly develop NAFLD. We have previously showed that bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) flavonoids, in the form of bergamot polyphenol fraction (BPF), effectively prevent CAF diet-induced NAFLD in rats. Here, we addressed if BPF can accelerate therapeutic effects of weight loss induced by a normocaloric standard chow (SC) diet. 21 rats fed with CAF diet for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD with inflammatory features (NASH) were divided into three groups. Two groups were switched to SC diet supplemented or not with BPF (CAF/SC±BPF), while one group continued with CAF diet (CAF/CAF) for 10 weeks. BPF had no effect on SC diet-induced weight loss, but it accelerated hepatic lipid droplets clearance and reduced blood triglycerides. Accordingly, BPF improved insulin sensitivity, but had little effect on leptin levels. Interestingly, the inflammatory parameters were still elevated in CAF/SC livers compared to CAF/CAF group after 10 weeks of dietary intervention, despite over 90% hepatic fat reduction. In contrast, BPF supplementation decreased hepatic inflammation by reducing interleukin 6 (Il6) mRNA expression and increasing anti-inflammatory Il10, which correlated with fewer Kupffer cells and lower inflammatory foci score in CAF/SC+BPF livers compared to CAF/SC group. These data indicate that BPF mediates a specific anti-inflammatory activity in livers recovering from NASH, while it boosts lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic effects of the dietary intervention.

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Decreased TLR3 in Hyperplastic Adipose Tissue, Blood and Inflamed Adipocytes is Related to Metabolic Inflammation

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000495487 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 1051-1068 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jèssica Latorre ◽

José M. Moreno-Navarrete ◽

Mónica Sabater ◽

Maria Buxo ◽

José I. Rodriguez-Hermosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Low Grade ◽

Metabolic Inflammation ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Acute Surgery ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Impact

Background/Aims: Obesity is characterized by the immune activation that eventually dampens insulin sensitivity and changes metabolism. This study explores the impact of different inflammatory/ anti-inflammatory paradigms on the expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) found in adipocyte cultures, adipose tissue, and blood. Methods: We evaluated by real time PCR the impact of acute surgery stress in vivo (adipose tissue) and macrophages (MCM) in vitro (adipocytes). Weight loss was chosen as an anti-inflammatory model, so TLR were analyzed in fat samples collected before and after bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. Associations with inflammatory and metabolic parameters were analyzed in non-obese and obese subjects, in parallel with gene expression measures taken in blood and isolated adipocytes/ stromal-vascular cells (SVC). Treatments with an agonist of TLR3 were conducted in human adipocyte cultures under normal conditions and upon conditions that simulated the chronic low-grade inflammatory state of obesity. Results: Surgery stress raised TLR1 and TLR8 in subcutaneous (SAT), and TLR2 in SAT and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue, while decreasing VAT TLR3 and TLR4. MCM led to increased TLR2 and diminished TLR3, TLR4, and TLR5 expressions in human adipocytes. The anti-inflammatory impact of weight loss was concomitant with decreased TLR1, TLR3, and TLR8 in SAT. Cross-sectional associations confirmed increased V/ SAT TLR1 and TLR8, and decreased TLR3 in obese patients, as compared with non-obese subjects. As expected, TLR were predominant in SVC and adipocyte precursor cells, even though expression of all of them but TLR8 (very low levels) was also found in ex vivo isolated and in vitro differentiated adipocytes. Among SVC, CD14+ macrophages showed increased TLR1, TLR2, and TLR7, but decreased TLR3 mRNA. The opposite patterns shown for TLR2 and TLR3 in V/ SAT, SVC, and inflamed adipocytes were observed in blood as well, being TLR3 more likely linked to lymphocyte instead of neutrophil counts. On the other hand, decreased TLR3 in adipocytes challenged with MCM dampened lipogenesis and the inflammatory response to Poly(I:C). Conclusion: Functional variations in the expression of TLR found in blood and hypertrophied fat depots, namely decreased TLR3 in lymphocytes and inflamed adipocytes, are linked to metabolic inflammation.

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Early ghrelin intervention protects against the progressive dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson’s disease mice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19131/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lingling Jiao ◽

Fengju Jia ◽

Xixun Du ◽

Pei Zhang ◽

Yong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Subcutaneous Administration ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract BackgroundGhrelin has been identified as a multifunctional peptide that has many potential applications for the treatment of various diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, little is known about the pathophysiological function and mechanism of ghrelin in PD. MethodELISA was used for detecting plasma total and active ghrelin levels, dopamine (DA) content was measured by HPLC-ECD, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used to detect protein expressions, and cytokine was tested by Bio-PlexPro™ assay.ResultsHere, we reported a PD model that overexpressing mutant human A53T α-syn mice exhibited a decreased levels of total and active ghrelin in plasma, fewer tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), lower DA content in the striatum (Str), and less weight. These changes were rescued by the subcutaneous administration of low-dose ghrelin. Interestingly, ghrelin had no effect on weight gain in wild-type mice but improved weight loss in A53T mice. In addition, ghrelin administration also attenuated the decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio and superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) protein levels and inhibited the upregulation pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa) and the downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, ghrelin inhibited the increase in Iba1-positive cells in mice with PD.ConclusionsHere we reported that ghrelin had a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons and against weight loss from PD via anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, which suggested that ghrelin could be an endogenous protective factor that prevents the onset or the progression of PD.

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Higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is associated with weight loss maintenance: the MedWeight study

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120002888 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Dimitrios Poulimeneas ◽

Katerina Zoupi ◽

Eirini Mamalaki ◽

Eirini Bathrellou ◽

Costas Anastasiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Weight Loss Maintenance ◽

Activity Level ◽

Obesity Management ◽

Maximum Weight ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Current Weight

AbstractIntroductionAdherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with numerous health benefits in non-communicable diseases, including obesity management. However, the associations of the Mediterranean Diet with weight loss maintenance remain to be evaluated.MethodsWe analyzed data from 500 participants (61% women) of the MedWeight study. Eligible volunteers were men and women 18–65 years old, reporting an intentional weight loss of at least 10%, starting from a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Based on their current weight, participants were characterized as maintainers (current weight ≤ 90% of maximum weight), or regainers (current weight > 95% of maximum weight). Socio-demographics, lifestyle measurements and weight history were recorded. Dietary intake was assessed by 2 telephone 24-hour recalls. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was assessed with the MedDietScore (range 0–55, greater scores showing higher adherence). Physical activity levels were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form. Results are expressed as means ± SD, frequencies (%) or Odds Ratio [OR; 95%Confidence Interval].ResultsCompared to regainers (31%), maintainers were younger (31.4 ± 10.0 vs. 36.6 ± 10.8 years, p < 0.001), had lower BMI (25.7 ± 4.3 vs. 31.4 ± 5.1 kg/m2, p < 0.001), and had greater initial body weight loss (25.5 ± 8.6% vs. 18.4 ± 6.9%, p < 0.001). Sex and years of formal education were not significantly different between maintainers and regainers (p > 0.05). Being in the highest MedDietScore quintile (vs. the lowest) was associated with 91% higher odds of being a maintainer [crude OR = 1.91; 1.05–3.45]. This association remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, physical activity level (METŸminutes/week) and energy intake (kcal/day) [adjusted OR = 2.01; 1.05–3.83].DiscussionHigher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was independently associated with 2-fold increased likelihood of weight loss maintenance. Our results highlight the favorable effects of a prudent dietary pattern in long-term obesity management, as well as novel targets for diet planning during weight loss maintenance.

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Web Support for Weight-Loss Interventions: PREDIRCAM2 Clinical Trial Baseline Characteristics and Preliminary Results

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics ◽

10.1089/dia.2017.0456 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 380-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valeria Alcántara-Aragón ◽

Susana Rodrigo-Cano ◽

Ascension Lupianez-Barbero ◽

María José Martinez ◽

Carmen Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Baseline Characteristics ◽

Weight Loss Interventions

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The role of nutritional additives in prevention: dietary supplementation with Spirulina reduces myocardial damage and improves cardiac function post-myocardial infarction in swine

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2973 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

P Sutelman ◽

G Vilahur ◽

L Casani ◽

L Badimon

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Infarct Size ◽

Myocardial Damage ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Funding Source ◽

Cardiac Damage ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Introduction The outcome of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction depends, to a large extent, on the size of the infarct. Myocardial damage due to infarction involves several pathogenic mechanisms among which excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and an exacerbated inflammatory reaction play a critical role. Spirulina is a dietary supplement made from blue-green algae (Arthrospira platensis) used to manage weight loss and metabolic syndrome disorders. In addition, Spirulina has experimentally shown to exert anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties because its composition rich in antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino-acids, and minerals. Purpose The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with Spirulina may serve as a cardioprotective agent by attenuating cardiac damage and ventricular dysfunction due to myocardial infarction in a highly translatable animal model. Methods Pigs (n=10) were fed a normocholesterolemic diet supplemented with Spirulina (1 gr/animal/bid; n=5) or placebo (n=5) for 10 days and then they were subjected to myocardial infarction by means of 1.5h balloon occlusion of the mid left anterior descending coronary artery. Thereafter animals were reperfused for 2.5h and then sacrificed. Infarct size was assessed by TTC staining and ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial tissue was obtained for molecular analysis of cardioprotective kinases, anti-apoptotic- and anti-inflammatory- related markers. Biochemical analyses (lipid levels, kidney and liver parameters) and weight gain were monitored throughout the study. Results Supplementation with Spirulina led to an absolute significant reduction in infarct size of 10±1% of the left ventricle (LV) as compared to control animals (p<0.05). At a functional level, all animals displayed comparable LV ejection fraction (LVEF) prior-MI induction (control: 64.5±2.6%; Spirulina: 61.5±2.6%). However, after 2.5h of reperfusion control animals showed a worsening of 18.2±2.0% LVEF whereas it was only of 7.2±2.5% in Spirulina-administered pigs (60% relative improvement vs. controls; p<0.05). At a molecular level, Spirulina administered animals showed higher expression of PI3K, Bcl-2, and Cox-2 and reduced content of MCP-1 in the jeopardized myocardium. Supplementation with Spirulina for 10 days markedly reduced total- cholesterol by 25% (p<0.04), LDL- cholesterol by 47% (p<0.05), enhanced HDL-cholesterol concentration by 79% (p<0.03) and limited weight gain (p<0.05) as compared to controls. Kidney and liver enzymes were found to be within the physiological range. Conclusion Supplementation with Spirulina, beyond its proven benefits in weight loss and lipid profile, exerts cardioprotection by inducing myocardial survival kinases, and triggering cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, thereby limiting cardiac damage and improving ventricular contractility post-MI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministerio de Ciencia Innovacion y Universidades / Instituto de Salud Carlos III

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