Sensing urban poverty: From the perspective of human perception-based greenery and open-space landscapes

Task parameters affecting human physical ability and willingness to lift: An ecological approach

Occupational Ergonomics ◽

10.3233/oer-2003-3203 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 109-119

Author(s):

Waldemar Karwowski ◽

Krystyna Gielo-Perczak ◽

David Moxley ◽

David Rodrick

Keyword(s):

Material Handling ◽

Open Space ◽

Human Perception ◽

Ecological Approach ◽

Confined Space ◽

Physical Ability ◽

Black Boxes ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Task Parameters ◽

Ability And Willingness

The objective of this study was to analyze human perception of load heaviness in manual material handling tasks under varying task parameters taking into consideration participants' physical ability and willingness to lift loads. These conditions were: 1) box color, 2) instruction set, and 3) space confinement. The effect of each parameter on the maximum acceptable weight that people are willing to lift was investigated. This study showed that the box color significantly affects a participant's perception of weight. The average maximum acceptable weight participants were willing to lift was higher for the black boxes than for the white boxes in both open and constrained spaces. When using the white boxes, the maximum acceptable weight participants were willing to lift was smaller in the confined space than in the open space. This study introduces an ecological approach to manual handling tasks and proposes the paradigm of maximum acceptable weight of load (MAWL) to the maximum loads that people perceive they are able and willing to lift (MLWL).

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Building Configuration of Low-Cost Apartments in Bandung—Its Contribution to the Microclimate and Outdoor Thermal Comfort

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings8090123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beta Paramita ◽

Hiroatsu Fukuda ◽

Rendy Perdana Khidmat ◽

Andreas Matzarakis

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Open Space ◽

Low Cost ◽

Human Perception ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Hot Humid Climate ◽

Radiant Temperature ◽

Building Form

This paper aims to find the microclimate aspect within the building form and configuration of five low-cost apartments (henceforth rusun) in Bandung, Indonesia. There are parallel, square, and interspersed plots investigated with specific discussion on the microclimate aspects that gain human perception of outdoor thermal comfort. The microclimate prognostic model, i.e., ENVI-met, was used to determine the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), which was then used to describe the living quality of outdoor thermal comfort, i.e., PET (physiologically equivalent temperature) in a hot-humid climate context. A parallel plot with building orientation toward north-south was found as the most beneficial building form and configuration. Somehow, the parallel plot toward the west-east orientation did not provide similar performance. Nevertheless, the square plot provided uncomfortable perception as there was an absence of building shade within the wide open space and ground cover to absorb the insolation. The interspersed plot can be considered for the building configuration because it generates more wind among other plots. The building form and configuration of rusun with passive design seems to not be able to achieve outdoor thermal comfort. The highest PET value of Model D with the square plot had PET = 41 °C (hot) while the lowest PET in Model A with the parallel plot (N-S) had PET = 34.2 °C (slightly warm).

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Development of high-performance objective lens polepiece for ultrahigh resolution Analytical Electron Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100147119 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 254-255

Author(s):

K. Fukushima ◽

T. Kaneyama ◽

F. Hosokawa ◽

H. Tsuno ◽

T. Honda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

High Performance ◽

Open Space ◽

Materials Science ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Ultrahigh Resolution ◽

Science Field ◽

Specimen Holder ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

Analytical Electron Microscope

Recently, in the materials science field, the ultrahigh resolution analytical electron microscope (UHRAEM) has become a very important instrument to study extremely fine areas of the specimen. The requirements related to the performance of the UHRAEM are becoming gradually severer. Some basic characteristic features required of an objective lens are as follows, and the practical performance of the UHRAEM should be judged by totally evaluating them.1) Ultrahigh resolution to resolve ultrafine structure by atomic-level observation.2) Nanometer probe analysis to analyse the constituent elements in nm-areas of the specimen.3) Better performance of x-ray detection for EDS analysis, that is, higher take-off angle and larger detection solid angle.4) Higher specimen tilting angle to adjust the specimen orientation.To attain these requirements simultaneously, the objective lens polepiece must have smaller spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients and must keep enough open space around the specimen holder in it.

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