Privacy Protection of China’s Top Websites: A Multi-layer Privacy Measurement via Network Behaviours and Privacy Policies

2022 ◽  
pp. 102606
Author(s):  
Xinjie Lin ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Gang Xiong ◽  
Gaopeng Gou
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Privacy Measurement

Social Credential-Based Role Recommendation and Patient Privacy Control in Medical Emergency

2012 ◽  
pp. 215-237
Author(s):  
Soon Ae Chun ◽  
Joon Hee Kwon ◽  
Haesung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Health Information Technologies ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Role Based

Emerging Health Information Technologies (HIT), such as Electronic Health Records (EHR) and Personal Health Records (PHR) systems, facilitate access to and sharing of patients’ medical data in a distributed environment. The privacy protection of medical information is a pressing issue with the use of these medical technologies. In this paper, the authors present a Patient-controlled Privacy Protection Framework, which allows a patient to specify his or her own privacy policies on their own medical data no matter where they are stored. In addition, the authors extend this basic framework to medical emergency situations, where roles and users may not be limited to an organizational boundary. To enforce patient’s privacy policies even in emergency situations, the authors propose the Situation Role-based Privacy Control model and a social network-based user credential discovery method to recommend a situation role to candidate users. The authors present a mobile prototype system and two experiments to show the feasibility of our approach.

Privacy Protection Overseas as Perceived by USA-Based IT Professionals

2011 ◽  
pp. 2784-2797
Author(s):  
Jaymeen R. Shah ◽  
Garry L. White ◽  
James R. Cook
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Single Set

Privacy laws for the Internet are difficult to develop and implement domestically and internationally. A clear problem is how such laws are limited to national jurisdictions. What is legal in one country may be illegal in another. Due to differences in cultures and values, and government types, it may not be possible to establish global standards and legislations to ensure privacy. Due to the nonexistence of global privacy standards, multinational (international) companies usually select one of the following two possible solutions: (1) implement a most restrictive “one size fits all” privacy policy that is used across various countries, or (2) implement different privacy policies that meet the privacy regulations of different countries and expectations of those citizens. In order to investigate a solution that may be used by multinational companies, and how companies view domestic privacy laws, the authors conducted a survey of U.S.-based employees of domestic and multinational companies. The results of the survey suggest that the majority of the multinational companies prefer the first solution—most restrictive “one size fits all” approach. They develop and implement a single set of privacy policies that is used across their operations in different countries. The majority of the companies surveyed consider domestic privacy laws in the United States to be practical, but ineffective.

E-Services Privacy

2009 ◽  
pp. 2099-2114
Author(s):  
Osama Shata
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Internet Censorship ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Privacy Issues

This chapter introduces several aspects related to e-privacy such as needs, approaches, challenges, and models. It argues that e-privacy protection, although being of interest to many parties such as industry, government, and individuals, is very difficult to achieve since these stakeholders often have conflicting needs and requirements and may even have conflicting understanding of e-privacy. So finding one model or one approach to e-privacy protection that may satisfy these stakeholders is a challenging task. Furthermore, the author hopes that this chapter will present an acceptable definition for e-privacy and use this definition to discuss various aspects of e-privacy protection such as principles of developing e-privacy policies, individuals and organizations needs of various privacy issues, challenges of adopting and coping with e-privacy policies, tools and models to support e-privacy protection in both public and private networks, related legislations that protect or constraint e-privacy, and spamming and Internet censorship in the context of e-privacy. The author hopes that understanding these aspects will assist researchers in developing policies and systems that will bring the conflict in e-privacy protection needs of individuals, industry, and government into better alignment.

Global Regulations in Content Industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Cossiavelou
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Key Performance Indicator ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
News Industry ◽  
The One ◽  
New Variables ◽  
Potential Exploitation ◽  
The Eu

This article explores the role of privacy policies on internet sites as a newly emerging news gatekeeping factor as well as part of the new web world wars between regulators and internet giants' privacy policies, like the one of Google. All these developments are related to both innovation excellence and customer experience, in every aspect of life, business and entertainment, and therefore of the news industry. One of the most important fights of these recent wars is raging between Google and the EU on the field of customers' experience and their privacy protection. The author argues that even the updated news gatekeeping model by ICTs influences should be mapped more precisely in every one of its traditional pillars, focusing on the consumer's data protection. Their potential exploitation by search engines and advertisement industries from one side and the privacy protection claims from international institutions from the other, indicate the need of new variables in the equation of the updated media gatekeeping model, as derived from global regulations on the issue. The reactions of the EU to the actions of Google indicate the momentum of wars in citizen–customer's experience, which is the most reliable key performance indicator in the e/m commerce sector. A convenience sample's data show that the policy adopted by the EU and the one applied by the global content industries would remap the audiences' preferences and therefore the news industries strategies.

E-Services Privacy

2008 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Osama Shata
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Internet Censorship ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Privacy Issues

This chapter introduces several aspects related to e-privacy such as needs, approaches, challenges, and models. It argues that e-privacy protection, although being of interest to many parties such as industry, government, and individuals, is very difficult to achieve since these stakeholders often have conflicting needs and requirements and may even have conflicting understanding of e-privacy. So finding one model or one approach to e-privacy protection that may satisfy these stakeholders is a challenging task. Furthermore, the author hopes that this chapter will present an acceptable definition for e-privacy and use this definition to discuss various aspects of e-privacy protection such as principles of developing e-privacy policies, individuals and organizations needs of various privacy issues, challenges of adopting and coping with e-privacy policies, tools and models to support e-privacy protection in both public and private networks, related legislations that protect or constraint e-privacy, and spamming and Internet censorship in the context of e-privacy. The author hopes that understanding these aspects will assist researchers in developing policies and systems that will bring the conflict in e-privacy protection needs of individuals, industry, and government into better alignment.

Privacy Protection Overseas as Perceived by USA-Based IT Professionals

2010 ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Jaymeen R. Shah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Single Set

Privacy laws for the Internet are difficult to develop and implement domestically and internationally. A clear problem is how such laws are limited to national jurisdictions. What is legal in one country may be illegal in another. Due to differences in cultures and values, and government types, it may not be possible to establish global standards and legislations to ensure privacy. Due to the nonexistence of global privacy standards, multinational (international) companies usually select one of the following two possible solutions: (1) implement a most restrictive “one size fits all” privacy policy that is used across various countries, or (2) implement different privacy policies that meet the privacy regulations of different countries and expectations of those citizens. In order to investigate a solution that may be used by multinational companies, and how companies view domestic privacy laws, the authors conducted a survey of U.S.-based employees of domestic and multinational companies. The results of the survey suggest that the majority of the multinational companies prefer the first solution—most restrictive “one size fits all” approach. They develop and implement a single set of privacy policies that is used across their operations in different countries. The majority of the companies surveyed consider domestic privacy laws in the United States to be practical, but ineffective.

Regulatory Compliance and the Correlation to Privacy Protection in Healthcare

2012 ◽  
pp. 108-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyrone Grandison ◽  
Rafae Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Personal Health Information ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Policy Refinement ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Available Information

Recent government-led efforts and industry-sponsored privacy initiatives in the healthcare sector have received heightened publicity. The current set of privacy legislation mandates that all parties involved in the delivery of care specify and publish privacy policies regarding the use and disclosure of personal health information. The authors’ study of actual healthcare privacy policies indicates that the vague representations in published privacy policies are not strongly correlated with adequate privacy protection for the patient. This phenomenon is not due to a lack of available technology to enforce privacy policies, but rather to the will of the healthcare entities to enforce strong privacy protections and their interpretation of minimum compliance obligations. Using available information systems and data mining techniques, this article describes an infrastructure for privacy protection based on the idea of policy refinement to allow the transition from the current state of perceived to be privacy-preserving systems to actually privacy-preserving systems.

E-Services Privacy

2011 ◽  
pp. 94-114
Author(s):  
Osama Shata
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Internet Censorship ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Privacy Issues

This chapter introduces several aspects related to e-privacy such as needs, approaches, challenges, and models. It argues that e-privacy protection, although being of interest to many parties such as industry, government, and individuals, is very difficult to achieve since these stakeholders often have conflicting needs and requirements and may even have conflicting understanding of e-privacy. So finding one model or one approach to e-privacy protection that may satisfy these stakeholders is a challenging task. Furthermore, the author hopes that this chapter will present an acceptable definition for e-privacy and use this definition to discuss various aspects of e-privacy protection such as principles of developing e-privacy policies, individuals and organizations needs of various privacy issues, challenges of adopting and coping with e-privacy policies, tools and models to support e-privacy protection in both public and private networks, related legislations that protect or constraint e-privacy, and spamming and Internet censorship in the context of e-privacy. The author hopes that understanding these aspects will assist researchers in developing policies and systems that will bring the conflict in e-privacy protection needs of individuals, industry, and government into better alignment.

scholarly journals OPriv: Optimizing Privacy Protection for Network Traffic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Louma Chaddad ◽  
Ali Chehab ◽  
Ayman Kayssi
Keyword(s):  
Network Traffic ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Traffic Analysis ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Flow Information ◽  
Secure Network ◽  
Privacy Measurement

Statistical traffic analysis has absolutely exposed the privacy of supposedly secure network traffic, proving that encryption is not effective anymore. In this work, we present an optimal countermeasure to prevent an adversary from inferring users’ online activities, using traffic analysis. First, we formulate analytically a constrained optimization problem to maximize network traffic obfuscation while minimizing overhead costs. Then, we provide OPriv, a practical and efficient algorithm to solve dynamically the non-linear programming (NLP) problem, using Cplex optimization. Our heuristic algorithm selects target applications to mutate to and the corresponding packet length, and subsequently decreases the security risks of statistical traffic analysis attacks. Furthermore, we develop an analytical model to measure the obfuscation system’s resilience to traffic analysis attacks. We suggest information theoretic metrics for quantitative privacy measurement, using entropy. The full privacy protection of OPriv is assessed through our new metrics, and then through extensive simulations on real-world data traces. We show that our algorithm achieves strong privacy protection in terms of traffic flow information without impacting the network performance. We are able to reduce the accuracy of a classifier from 91.1% to 1.42% with only 0.17% padding overhead.

Privacy Disclosure in the Real World

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Network Security ◽  
Real World ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
The Real ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Measurement Algorithm ◽  
Privacy Measurement

Privacy protection is a hot topic in network security, many scholars are committed to evaluating privacy information disclosure by quantifying privacy, thereby protecting privacy and preventing telecommunications fraud. However, in the process of quantitative privacy, few people consider the reasoning relationship between privacy information, which leads to the underestimation of privacy disclosure and privacy disclosure caused by malicious reasoning. This paper completes an experiment on privacy information disclosure in the real world based on WordNet ontology .According to a privacy measurement algorithm, this experiment calculates the privacy disclosure of public figures in different fields, and conducts horizontal and vertical analysis to obtain different privacy disclosure characteristics. The experiment not only shows the situation of privacy disclosure, but also gives suggestions and method to reduce privacy disclosure.

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