Data on the daily electricity load profile and solar photovoltaic (PV) system components for residential buildings in Lagos, Nigeria

The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 in the Philippines provided an impetus for residential owners to explore solar PV installations at their own rooftops through the Net-Metering policy. The Net-Metering implementation through the law however presented some concerns with inexperienced electric DU on the potential effect of high residential solar PV system installations. It was not known how a high degree of solar integration to the grid can possibly affect the operations of the electric DU in terms of energy load management. The primary objective of this study was to help the local electric DU in the analysis of the potential effect of high residential solar PV system penetration to the supply and demand load profile in an electric distribution utility (DU) grid in the province of Agusan del Norte, Philippines. The energy consumption profiles in the year 2015 were obtained from the electric DU operating in the area. An average daily energy demand load profile was obtained from 0-hr to the 24th hour of the day based from the figures provided by the electric DU. The assessment part of the potential effect of high solar PV system integration assumed four potential total capacities from 10 Mega Watts (MW) to 40 MW generated by all subscribers in the area under study at a 10 MW interval. The effect of these capacities were measured and analyzed with respect to the average daily load profile of the DU. Results of this study showed that a combined installations beyond 20 MWp coming from all subscribers is not viable for the local electric DU based on their current energy demand or load profile. Based from the results obtained, the electric DU can make better decisions in the management of high capacity penetration of solar PV systems in the future, including investment in storage systems when extra capacities are generated.Article History: Received July 15th 2016; Received in revised form Sept 23rd 2016; Accepted Oct 1st 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Dellosa, J. (2016) Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU). Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(3), 179-185.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.179-185

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How Does the Electricity Demand Profile Impact the Attractiveness of PV-Coupled Battery Systems Combining Applications?

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13154038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 4038 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alejandro Pena-Bello ◽

Edward Barbour ◽

Marta C. Gonzalez ◽

Selin Yilmaz ◽

Martin K. Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Pv System ◽

Peak Shaving ◽

Load Profile ◽

Battery Systems ◽

Residential Electricity ◽

Electricity Load ◽

Demand Profile

Energy storage is a key solution to supply renewable electricity on demand and in particular batteries are becoming attractive for consumers who install PV panels. In order to minimize their electricity bill and keep the grid stable, batteries can combine applications. The daily match between PV supply and the electricity load profile is often considered as a determinant for the attractiveness of residential PV-coupled battery systems, however, the previous literature has so far mainly focused on the annual energy balance. In this paper, we analyze the techno-economic impact of adding a battery system to a new PV system that would otherwise be installed on its own, for different residential electricity load profiles in Geneva (Switzerland) and Austin (U.S.) using lithium-ion batteries performing various consumer applications, namely PV self-consumption, demand load-shifting, avoidance of PV curtailment, and demand peak shaving, individually and jointly. We employ clustering of the household’s load profile (with 15-minute resolution) for households with low, medium, and high annual electricity consumption in the two locations using a 1:1:1 sizing ratio. Our results show that with this simple sizing rule-of-thumb, the shape of the load profile has a small impact on the net present value of batteries. Overall, our analysis suggests that the effect of the load profile is small and differs across locations, whereas the combination of applications significantly increases profitability while marginally decreasing the share of self-consumption. Moreover, without the combination of applications, batteries are far from being economically viable.

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A new meta-heuristic pathfinder algorithm for solving optimal allocation of solar photovoltaic system in multi-lateral distribution system for improving resilience

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-020-04044-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Varaprasad Janamala

Keyword(s):

Distribution System ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Voltage Stability ◽

Optimal Allocation ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

Voltage Profile ◽

Pv System ◽

Solar Photovoltaic System ◽

The Impact

AbstractA new meta-heuristic Pathfinder Algorithm (PFA) is adopted in this paper for optimal allocation and simultaneous integration of a solar photovoltaic system among multi-laterals, called interline-photovoltaic (I-PV) system. At first, the performance of PFA is evaluated by solving the optimal allocation of distribution generation problem in IEEE 33- and 69-bus systems for loss minimization. The obtained results show that the performance of proposed PFA is superior to PSO, TLBO, CSA, and GOA and other approaches cited in literature. The comparison of different performance measures of 50 independent trail runs predominantly shows the effectiveness of PFA and its efficiency for global optima. Subsequently, PFA is implemented for determining the optimal I-PV configuration considering the resilience without compromising the various operational and radiality constraints. Different case studies are simulated and the impact of the I-PV system is analyzed in terms of voltage profile and voltage stability. The proposed optimal I-PV configuration resulted in loss reduction of 77.87% and 98.33% in IEEE 33- and 69-bus systems, respectively. Further, the reduced average voltage deviation index and increased voltage stability index result in an improved voltage profile and enhanced voltage stability margin in radial distribution systems and its suitability for practical applications.

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Autonomous Fuzzy Controller Design for the Utilization of Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Resources in Demand Side Management Environment

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10141618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 1618

Author(s):

Mohanasundaram Anthony ◽

Valsalal Prasad ◽

Raju Kannadasan ◽

Saad Mekhilef ◽

Mohammed H. Alsharif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Fuzzy Controller ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Peak Load ◽

Demand Side Management ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Demand Side ◽

Pv System ◽

Inference System

This work describes an optimum utilization of hybrid photovoltaic (PV)—wind energy for residential buildings on its occurrence with a newly proposed autonomous fuzzy controller (AuFuCo). In this regard, a virtual model of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) and PV system (each rated at 2 kW) are constructed in a MATLAB Simulink environment. An autonomous fuzzy inference system is applied to model primary units of the controller such as load forecasting (LF), grid power selection (GPS) switch, renewable energy management system (REMS), and fuzzy load switch (FLS). The residential load consumption pattern (4 kW of connected load) is allowed to consume energy from the grid and hybrid resources located at the demand side and classified as base, priority, short-term, and schedulable loads. The simulation results identify that the proposed controller manages the demand side management (DSM) techniques for peak load shifting and valley filling effectively with renewable sources. Also, energy costs and savings for the home environment are evaluated using the proposed controller. Further, the energy conservation technique is studied by increasing renewable conversion efficiency (18% to 23% for PV and 35% to 45% for the VAWT model), which reduces the spending of 0.5% in energy cost and a 1.25% reduction in grid demand for 24-time units/day of the simulation study. Additionally, the proposed controller is adapted for computing energy cost (considering the same load pattern) for future demand, and it is exposed that the PV-wind energy cost reduced to 6.9% but 30.6% increase of coal energy cost due to its rise in the Indian energy market by 2030.

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Grid Parity of Residential Building Rooftop Solar PV in India

Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment ◽

10.13052/spee1048-4236.39142 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-40

Author(s):

Rakesh Dalal ◽

Kamal Bansal ◽

Sapan Thapar

Keyword(s):

Residential Building ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Indian Government ◽

Pv System ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Grid Parity ◽

Solar Pv System ◽

Utility Grid ◽

Rooftop Solar

Rooftop solar photovoltaic(PV) installation in India have increased in last decade because of the flat 40 percent subsidy extended for rooftop solar PV systems (3 kWp and below) by the Indian government under the solar rooftop scheme. From the residential building owner's perspective, solar PV is competitive when it can produce electricity at a cost less than or equal grid electricity price, a condition referred as “grid parity”. For assessing grid parity of 3 kWp and 2 kWp residential solar PV system, 15 states capital and 19 major cities were considered for the RET screen simulation by using solar isolation, utility grid tariff, system cost and other economic parameters. 3 kWp and 2 kWp rooftop solar PV with and without subsidy scenarios were considered for simulation using RETscreen software. We estimate that without subsidy no state could achieve grid parity for 2kWp rooftop solar PV plant. However with 3 kWp rooftop solar PV plant only 5 states could achieve grid parity without subsidy and with government subsidy number of states increased to 7, yet wide spread parity for residential rooftop solar PV is still not achieved. We find that high installation costs, subsidized utility grid supply to low energy consumer and financing rates are major barriers to grid parity.

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Line–Line Fault Analysis and Protection Challenges in Solar Photovoltaic Arrays

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics ◽

10.1109/tie.2012.2205355 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (9) ◽

pp. 3784-3795 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Ye Zhao ◽

Jean-Francois De Palma ◽

Jerry Mosesian ◽

Robert Lyons ◽

Brad Lehman

Keyword(s):

Fault Location ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Fault Analysis ◽

Small Scale ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

Pv System ◽

Safety Hazards ◽

Point Tracking ◽

Pv Inverter ◽

Power Point

Fault analysis in solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays is a fundamental task to protect PV modules from damage and to eliminate risks of safety hazards. This paper focuses on line-line faults in PV arrays that may be caused by short-circuit faults or double ground faults. The effect on fault current from a maximum-power-point tracking of a PV inverter is discussed and shown to, at times, prevent overcurrent protection devices (OCPDs) to operate properly. Furthermore, fault behavior of PV arrays is highly related to the fault location, fault impedance, irradiance level, and use of blocking diodes. Particularly, this paper examines the challenges to OCPD in a PV array brought by unique faults: One is a fault that occurs under low-irradiance conditions, and the other is a fault that occurs at night and evolves during “night-to-day” transition. In both circumstances, the faults might remain hidden in the PV system, no matter how irradiance changes afterward. These unique faults may subsequently lead to unexpected safety hazards, reduced system efficiency, and reduced reliability. A small-scale experimental PV system has been developed to further validate the conclusions.

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An analysis of temperature distribution in solar photovoltaic module under various environmental conditions

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201824004004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 240 ◽

pp. 04004 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marek Jaszczur ◽

Qusay Hassan ◽

Janusz Teneta ◽

Ewelina Majewska ◽

Marcin Zych

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Temperature Distribution ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Operating Temperature ◽

Photovoltaic Module ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

System Efficiency ◽

Pv System

The operating temperature of the photovoltaic module is an important issue because it is directly linked with system efficiency. The objective of this work is to evaluate temperature distribution in the photovoltaic module under different environmental conditions. The results shown that photovoltaic module operating temperature depends not only on the ambient temperature or solar radiation dependent but also depends on wind speed and wind direction. It is presented that the mounting conditions which are not taken into consideration by most of the literature models also play a significant role in heat transfer. Depends on mounting type an increase in module operating temperature in the range 10-15oC was observed which cause further PV system efficiency decrease of about 3.8-6.5 %.

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Optimisation of Energy Accumulation for Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal ◽

10.24084/repqj19.258 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 205-210

Author(s):

Milan Belik ◽

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Model Building ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Pv System ◽

Energy Accumulation ◽

Wind Power Station ◽

Future Production

This project focuses on optimisation of energy accumulation for various types of distributed renewable energy sources. The main goal is to prepare charging – discharging strategy depending on actual power consumption and prediction of consumption and production of utilised renewable energy sources for future period. The simulation is based on real long term data measured on photovoltaic system, wind power station and meteo station between 2004 – 2021. The data from meteo station serve as the input for the simulation and prediction of the future production while the data from PV system and wind turbine are used either as actual production or as a verification of the predicted values. Various parameters are used for trimming of the optimisation process. Influence of the charging strategy, discharging strategy, values and shape of the demand from the grid and prices is described on typical examples of the simulations. The main goal is to prepare and verify the system in real conditions with real load chart and real consumption defined by the model building with integrated renewable energy sources. The system can be later used in general installations on commercial or residential buildings.

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Design of a hybrid solar photovoltaic system for Gollis University’s administrative block, Somaliland

International Journal of Physical Research ◽

10.14419/ijpr.v7i2.28949 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Jama S. Adam ◽

Adebayo A. Fashina

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Field Work ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

Time Analysis ◽

Pv System ◽

Matlab Simulink ◽

Simulink Simulation ◽

Site Survey ◽

Solar Photovoltaic System

This work presents the design of a 100kVA hybrid solar power system for Gollis University’s administrative block, Hargeisa, Somaliland. Prior to the system design, a preliminary field work on the site was performed to essentially measure the power/energy consumption of Gollis university’s administrative block. The results from the site survey was then used to select the appropriate equipment and instrument required for the design. This was achieved by calculating the energy consumption and then sizing the solar panel, battery, inverter and charge controller. The battery back-up time analysis at full load was also carried out to determine the effectiveness of the inverter size chosen. The inverter system was modeled and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink software package. The simulation was used to study the reliability of the size of inverter chosen for the design, since the failure of most photovoltaic systems is ascribed to inverter failures. The results from the MATLAB/Simulink simulation showed that the inverter selected for the hybrid PV system has the ability to maximize the power produced from the PV array, and to generate sinusoidal AC voltage with minimum output distortion. The results also revealed that the PV solar system can provide a back-up time of 47.47 hours. The implications of the results are then discussed before presenting the recommendations for future works.

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A Peer Review of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Step-Up Multi-input Dc-Dc Converter and renewable energy source

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2089 (1) ◽

pp. 012041

Author(s):

Jarapala Ramesh Babu ◽

Manas Ranjan Nayak ◽

B. Mangu

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽

Gasoline Engine ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

Pv System ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Ultra Capacitor

Abstract Due to the rapid increase of environmental pollution caused by automobiles. To decrease pollution and to save our resources, there is an alternator to use an electric vehicle instead of a gasoline engine. The main drawback of a gasoline engine of compared to the electric vehicle can polluter noise efficiency durability. When it comes to durability, efficiency, and acceleration capabilities of electric vehicles, they are more impressive. The electric vehicles involve HEVs and BEVs. Generally, ultra-capacitor, solar Photovoltaic (PV) system, batters, regenerative braking systems and flywheel are utilized in HEVs as energy storage devices. All energy storage devices are linked to this distinct dc-dc converter scheme for raising input sources’ voltage. In past few decades, most HEVs have incorporated multi-input converters in order to enhance their reliability and efficiency. There are several distinct multi-input dc-dc converter schemas utilized in HEVs. This research discusses their current and future trends as well as energy storage devices.

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