How effective was implementation of the package of essential non-communicable disease (PEN) interventions: A review of evidence?

Abstract Objectives To explore the mechanisms of collaboration between the stakeholders, including National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) and the Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Program (NCDCP) at the national, regional, and local (health facility) levels of the health care system in Ghana. This is one of the objectives in a study on the “Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of the Collaborative Framework for the Care and Control of Tuberculosis and Diabetes in Ghana” Results The data analysis revealed 4 key themes. These were (1) Increased support for communicable diseases (CDs) compared to stagnant support for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), (2) Donor support, (3) Poor collaboration between NTP and NCDCP, and (4) Low Tuberculosis-Diabetes Mellitus (TB-DM) case detection.

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Probiotics and Prebiotics as a Strategy for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, a Narrative Review

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10081719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1719

Author(s):

Valentina Castillo ◽

Fernanda Figueroa ◽

Karoll González-Pizarro ◽

Paz Jopia ◽

Claudia Ibacache-Quiroga

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Risks Factors ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Non Communicable Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic non-communicable disease, with a prevalence of 25% worldwide. This pathology is a multifactorial illness, and is associated with different risks factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Beside these predisposing features, NAFLD has been related to changes in the microbiota, which favor the disease progression. In this context, the modulation of the gut microbiota has emerged as a new therapeutic target for the prophylaxis and treatment of NAFLD. This review describes the changes in the gut microbiota associated with NAFLD and the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the gut microbiota, liver damage, anthropometric parameters, blood lipids, inflammation markers and insulin resistance in these patients.

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Avoiding a legacy of unequal non-communicable disease burden after the COVID-19 pandemic

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00026-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 133-135

Author(s):

Nason Maani ◽

Salma M Abdalla ◽

Sandro Galea

Keyword(s):

Disease Burden ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Non Communicable Disease

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Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Refugee and Migrant Patients in a Primary Healthcare Setting in Greece: A Pilot Intervention

Epidemiologia ◽

10.3390/epidemiologia2010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 14-26

Author(s):

Anastasia I Kolomvotsou ◽

Elena Riza

Keyword(s):

Primary Healthcare ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Healthcare Setting ◽

The Past ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Pilot Intervention ◽

Global Health Problem ◽

Non Communicable Disease

Over the past years there is a substantial wave of migrants and refugees all over the world. Europe accepts approximately one-third of the international migrant population with Greece, in particular, having received large numbers of refugees and migrants by land and sea since the beginning of the civil war in Syria. Diabetes, a non-communicable disease, is a global health problem, affecting people in developing countries, refugees and migrants, and its basic treatment tool includes self-management and education. In this pilot study, we organized educational, interactive group sessions for diabetic refugees, based on culture, health, and nutritional needs according to a questionnaire developed for the study. The sessions were weekly, for two months, in the context of primary healthcare, organized by a dietitian. Nine individuals completed the sessions, five of nine were diagnosed in Greece and seven of nine needed diabetes education. Their waist circumference was above normal and they were all cooking at home. Their nutritional habits improved by attending the sessions and the interaction helped their social integration. They all found the sessions useful, and felt more self-confident regarding diabetes control and healthier.

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Baseline risk factor prevalence among adolescents aged 15–17 years old: findings from National Non-communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) of India

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e044066

Author(s):

Prashant Mathur ◽

Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan ◽

Sravya Leburu ◽

Anand Krishnan ◽

Himanshu Kumar Chaturvedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

National Level ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Baseline Risk ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Non Communicable Disease

ObjectiveTo generate national estimates of key non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years) identified in the National NCD Monitoring Framework and, study the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards NCD risk behaviours among school-going adolescents.Design and settingA community-based, national, cross-sectional survey conducted during 2017–2018. The survey was coordinated by the Indian Council of Medical Research—National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research with 10 reputed implementing research institutes/organisations across India in urban and rural areas.ParticipantsA multistage sampling design was adopted covering ages between 15 and 69 years—adolescents (15–17 years) and adults (18–69 years). The sample included 12 000 households drawn from 600 primary sampling units. All available adolescents (15–17 years) from the selected households were included in the survey.Main outcome measuresKey NCD risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years)—current tobacco and alcohol use, dietary behaviours, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity.ResultsOverall, 1402 households and 1531 adolescents completed the survey. Prevalence of current daily use of tobacco was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0% to 4.7%), 25.2% (95% CI: 22.2% to 28.5%) adolescents showed insufficient levels of physical activity, 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9% to 7.9%) were overweight and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0% to 2.9%) were obese. Two-thirds reported being imparted health education on NCD risk factors in their schools/colleges.ConclusionThe survey provides baseline data on NCD-related key risk factors among 15–17 years in India. These national-level data fill information gaps for this age group and help assess India’s progress towards NCD targets set for 2025 comprehensively. Though the prevalence of select risk factors is much lower than in many developed countries, this study offers national evidence for revisiting and framing appropriate policies, strategies for prevention and control of NCDs in younger age groups.

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