Application of first-order kinetic removal models on constructed wetlands under Mediterranean climatic conditions

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify first-order kinetic reaction rate model performance in predicting of leaching of atrazine and inorganic compounds (K+1, Fe+3, Mg+2, Mn+2, NH4 +, NO3 - and PO4 -3) from tilled and orchard silty loam soils. This model provided an excellent fit to the experimental concentration changes of the compounds vs. time data during leaching. Calculated values of the first-order reaction rate constants for the changes of all chemicals were from 3.8 to 19.0 times higher in orchard than in tilled soil. Higher first-order reaction constants for orchard than tilled soil correspond with both higher total porosity and contribution of biological pores in the former. The first order reaction constants for the leaching of chemical compounds enables prediction of the actual compound concentration and the interactions between compound and soil as affected by management system. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of simultaneous chemical and physical analyses as a tool for the understanding of leaching in variously managed soils.

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Field-Scale Studies of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Stormwater Quality Enhancement

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1997.008 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 101-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Q.J. ROCHFORT ◽

W.E. Watt ◽

J. Marsalek ◽

B.C. Anderson ◽

A.A. Crowder

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Nutrient Loading ◽

Subsurface Flow ◽

Reaction Rates ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Dissolved Metals ◽

Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

Abstract Two subsurface flow constructed wetlands were tested for pollutant removal performance in conjunction with an on-line stormwater detention pond, in Kingston Township, Ontario. The 4.9 m2 wetland cells were filled with 9 mm limestone gravel, and planted with cattail, common reed and spike rush. Changes in nutrient (total organic carbon, PO43- and NH4+), suspended solids and metal (Cu, Pb, Zn) concentrations were used to assess performance. Contaminant removal occurred through a combination of physical, chemical and biological means. As with any biological system, variation in performance of stormwater wetlands can be expected to occur as a result of fluctuations in contaminant loading, contact time and ambient environmental conditions. Storm pond effluent was delivered in continuous flow through the wetlands (during baseflow and event conditions), with a detention time of 1 to 3 days. The wetlands were able to maintain removal rates of up to 39% for orthophosphate even during the more severe conditions of fall dieback. Average removal of suspended solids (46%) and dissolved metals (Cu 50%) remained similar throughout all tests. Organic carbon was reduced by less than 10% during these tests. Low nutrient levels in the pond effluent were supplemented by spiking with sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus during pulsed loading conditions. Daily sampling produced a time series, which illustrated the rates of decline in concentration of nutrients. First order kinetic assimilation rates ranged from 1.7 d-1 for NH4002B to 0.12 d-1 for organic carbon, which were noticeably lower when compared with municipal and industrial wastewater treatment rates. Three methods of sizing stormwater wetlands (impervious surface area, volumetric load and kinetic reaction rates) were compared using the same design storm and data from this study. From this comparison it was seen that the kinetic sizing approach proved to be the most versatile, and allowed for adaptation to northern climatic conditions and anticipated nutrient loading.

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Enhancing methane production from the invasive macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae through anaerobic co-digestion with olive mill solid waste: process performance and kinetic analysis

Journal of Applied Phycology ◽

10.1007/s10811-021-02548-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

D. de la Lama-Calvente ◽

M. J. Fernández-Rodríguez ◽

J. Llanos ◽

J. M. Mancilla-Leytón ◽

R. Borja

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Methane Production ◽

Methane Yield ◽

Specific Rate ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Two Phase ◽

First Order ◽

Olive Mill Solid Waste ◽

Olive Mill

AbstractThe biomass valorisation of the invasive brown alga Rugulopteryx okamurae (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) is key to curbing the expansion of this invasive macroalga which is generating tonnes of biomass on southern Spain beaches. As a feasible alternative for the biomass management, anaerobic co-digestion is proposed in this study. Although the anaerobic digestion of macroalgae barely produced 177 mL of CH4 g−1 VS, the co-digestion with a C-rich substrate, such as the olive mill solid waste (OMSW, the main waste derived from the two-phase olive oil manufacturing process), improved the anaerobic digestion process. The mixture improved not only the methane yield, but also its biodegradability. The highest biodegradability was found in the mixture 1 R. okamurae—1 OMSW, which improved the biodegradability of the macroalgae by 12.9% and 38.1% for the OMSW. The highest methane yield was observed for the mixture 1 R. okamurae—3 OMSW, improving the methane production of macroalgae alone by 157% and the OMSW methane production by 8.6%. Two mathematical models were used to fit the experimental data of methane production time with the aim of assessing the processes and obtaining the kinetic constants of the anaerobic co-digestion of different combination of R. okamurae and OMSW and both substrates independently. First-order kinetic and the transference function models allowed for appropriately fitting the experimental results of methane production with digestion time. The specific rate constant, k (first-order model) for the mixture 1 R. okamurae- 1.5 OMSW, was 5.1 and 1.3 times higher than that obtained for the mono-digestion of single OMSW and the macroalga, respectively. In the same way, the transference function model revealed that the maximum methane production rate (Rmax) was also found for the mixture 1 R. okamurae—1.5 OMSW (30.4 mL CH4 g−1 VS day−1), which was 1.6 and 2.2 times higher than the corresponding to the mono-digestions of the single OMSW and sole R. okamurae (18.9 and 13.6 mL CH4 g−1 VS day−1), respectively.

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MODELLING NITROGEN PROCESSES IN SOIL: MATHEMATICAL DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONSHIPS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss76-011 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 71-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

D. R. CAMERON ◽

C. G. KOWALENKO

Keyword(s):

Time Dependent ◽

Rate Coefficients ◽

Nitrification Rate ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Nitrogen Flow ◽

First Order ◽

Interaction Term ◽

Flow Pathways ◽

Adsorption Desorption ◽

Temperature Water

A small subsystem model was developed to simulate the major nitrogen flow pathways in an unsaturated soil treated with ammonium sulphate. A nonlinear Freundlich equilibrium model and a Langmuir kinetic model were used to describe mathematically the adsorption–desorption of soluble NH4+ to the exchangeable and clay-fixed phases, respectively. Time dependent, microbial mediated first-order kinetic models were used to quantify the ammonification and nitrification processes. The subsystem model was then used as a research tool to derive ammonification and nitrification rate coefficients for a preceding incubation experiment conducted using different soil moisture contents and temperatures. The model yields reasonably good fits to the observed data. A subsequent regression analysis relating the coefficients to temperature and moisture pointed out the importance of the temperature–water content interaction term in quantifying microbial mediated processes.

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Area-based speciation kinetic analysis of the multipollutant removal in Constructed Wetlands to enhance its treatment efficiency

Environmental Science Water Research & Technology ◽

10.1039/d1ew00027f ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manoj Kumar ◽

Rajesh Singh

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Kinetic Analysis ◽

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Zero Order ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Treatment Efficiency ◽

First Order ◽

Present Study Area

In the present study area-based, pollutant removal kinetic analysis was considered using the Zero-order, first-order decay and efficiency loss (EL) models in the constructed wetlands (CWs) for municipal wastewater treatment....

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New Mathematical Modeling Approach for Predicting Microbial Inactivation by High Hydrostatic Pressure

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02211-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 73 (8) ◽

pp. 2468-2478 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Bernadette Klotz ◽

D. Leo Pyle ◽

Bernard M. Mackey

Keyword(s):

Microbial Inactivation ◽

Inactivation Kinetics ◽

Published Data ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Square Root ◽

Additional Time ◽

Decimal Reduction Time ◽

First Order ◽

Primary Model

ABSTRACT A new primary model based on a thermodynamically consistent first-order kinetic approach was constructed to describe non-log-linear inactivation kinetics of pressure-treated bacteria. The model assumes a first-order process in which the specific inactivation rate changes inversely with the square root of time. The model gave reasonable fits to experimental data over six to seven orders of magnitude. It was also tested on 138 published data sets and provided good fits in about 70% of cases in which the shape of the curve followed the typical convex upward form. In the remainder of published examples, curves contained additional shoulder regions or extended tail regions. Curves with shoulders could be accommodated by including an additional time delay parameter and curves with tails shoulders could be accommodated by omitting points in the tail beyond the point at which survival levels remained more or less constant. The model parameters varied regularly with pressure, which may reflect a genuine mechanistic basis for the model. This property also allowed the calculation of (a) parameters analogous to the decimal reduction time D and z, the temperature increase needed to change the D value by a factor of 10, in thermal processing, and hence the processing conditions needed to attain a desired level of inactivation; and (b) the apparent thermodynamic volumes of activation associated with the lethal events. The hypothesis that inactivation rates changed as a function of the square root of time would be consistent with a diffusion-limited process.

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Ozone Application for Tofu Waste Water Treatment and Its Utilisation for Growth Medium of Microalgae Spirulina sp

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183103002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 03002 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hadiyanto Hadiyanto

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Ozone Treatment ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Pollution Load ◽

First Order ◽

Degradation Rate Constant ◽

Nitrogen Contents ◽

Microalgae Growth

Tofu industries produce waste water containing high organic contents and suspendid solid which is harmful if directly discharged to the environment. This waste can lead to disruption of water quality and lowering the environmental carrying capacity of waters around the tofu industries. Besides, the tofu waste water still contains high nitrogen contents which can be used for microalgae growth. This study was aimed to reduce the pollution load (chemical oxygen demand-COD) of tofue wastewater by using ozone treatments and to utilize nutrients in treated tofu waste water as medium growth of microalgae. The result showed that the reduction of COD by implementation of ozone treatment followed first order kinetic. Under variation of waste concentrations between 10-40%, the degradation rate constant was in the range of 0.00237-0.0149 min-1. The microalgae was able to grow in the tofue waste medium by the growth rate constants of 0.15-0.29 day-1. This study concluded that tofu waste was highly potent for microalgae growth.

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Models for New Corrugated and Porous Solar Air Collectors under Transient Operation

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽

10.1515/jnet-2016-0013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Qahtan Adnan Abed ◽

Viorel Badescu ◽

Adrian Ciocanea ◽

Iuliana Soriga ◽

Dorin Bureţea

Keyword(s):

Climatic Conditions ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Bias Error ◽

First Order ◽

Solar Air Collector ◽

Section Surface ◽

South Eastern Europe ◽

Main Components ◽

Theoretical Results ◽

Good Agreement

AbstractMathematical models have been developed to evaluate the dynamic behavior of two solar air collectors: the first one is equipped with a V-porous absorber and the second one with a U-corrugated absorber. The collectors have the same geometry, cross-section surface area and are built from the same materials, the only difference between them being the absorbers. V-corrugated absorbers have been treated in literature but the V-porous absorbers modeled here have not been very often considered. The models are based on first-order differential equations which describe the heat exchange between the main components of the two types of solar air heaters. Both collectors were exposed to the sun in the same meteorological conditions, at identical tilt angle and they operated at the same air mass flow rate. The tests were carried out in the climatic conditions of Bucharest (Romania, South Eastern Europe). There is good agreement between the theoretical results and experiments. The average bias error was about 7.75 % and 10.55 % for the solar air collector with “V”-porous absorber and with “U”-corrugated absorber, respectively. The collector based on V-porous absorber has higher efficiency than the collector with U-corrugated absorber around the noon of clear days. Around sunrise and sunset, the collector with U-corrugated absorber is more effective.

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Kinetics of bioactive compounds in functional spice Jiangpo during thermal processing

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/1556-3758.2768 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Dai ◽

Chenhuan Yu ◽

Qiaofeng Wu

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Parameters ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Thermal Processing ◽

Order Rate Constant ◽

Heat Processing ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Time Intervals ◽

First Order ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Kinetics Of

Abstract Jiangpo is an increasingly popular East Asian spice which is made from Mangnolia officinalis bark and ginger juice. Since it induces bioactive compounds decomposition and has influence on final flavor and fragrance, cooking is regarded as the key operation in preparation of Jiangpo. To evaluate the bioactive compounds content changes of Jiangpo during thermal processing, kinetic parameters including reaction order, rate constant, T1/2 and activation energy of bioactive markers namely honokiol, magnolol and curcumin were determined. Cooking was set at temperatures 60, 90 and 120 °C for selected time intervals. Results displayed the thermal kinetic characteristics of the three compounds. Thermal degradation of Honokiol and magnolol both followed first order kinetic model and the loss of curcumin fitted second order. A mathematical model based on the obtained kinetic parameters has also been developed to predict the degradation of honokiol, magnolol and curcumin in non-isothermal state. All the information in this paper could contribute necessary information for optimizing the existing heat processing of Jiangpo.

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