scholarly journals Standardized relative humidity index can be used to identify agricultural drought for summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 108222
Author(s):  
Xia Wu ◽  
Peijuan Wang ◽  
Yuping Ma ◽  
Yanduo Gong ◽  
Dingrong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Humidity Index

scholarly journals Potential Evapotranspiration Reduction and Its Influence on Crop Yield in the North China Plain in 1961–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanlin Dong ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Qi Hu ◽  
Feifei Pan ◽  
Jyoti Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Humidity Index

Climate change has caused uneven changes in hydrological processes (precipitation and evapotranspiration) on a space-temporal scale, which would influence climate types, eventually impact agricultural production. Based on data from 61 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2014 in the North China Plain (NCP), the spatiotemporal characteristics of climate variables, such as humidity index, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration (ET0), were analyzed. The sensitivity coefficients and contribution rates were applied to ET0. The NCP has experienced a semiarid to humid climate from north to south due to the significant decline of ET0 (−13.8 mm decade−1). In the study region, 71.0% of the sites showed a “pan evaporation paradox” phenomenon. Relative humidity had the most negative influence on ET0, while wind speed, sunshine hours, and air temperature had a positive effect on ET0. Wind speed and sunshine hours contributed the most to the spatiotemporal variation of ET0, followed by relative humidity and air temperature. Overall, the key climate factor impacting ET0 was wind speed decline in the NCP, particularly in Beijing and Tianjin. The crop yield in Shandong and Henan provinces was higher than that in the other regions with a higher humidity index. The lower the humidity index in Hebei province, the lower the crop yield. Therefore, potential water shortages and water conflict should be considered in the future because of spatiotemporal humidity variations in the NCP.

scholarly journals The effect of some seasonal conditions on oestrus occurrence in cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
B. Bülbül ◽  
M. B. Ataman
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Annual Distribution

Abstract. In this study, the effect of climatic conditions on oestrus occurrence was investigated by using 9 972 oestrus records of cows recorded between 1995 and 2003. A distinct seasonal variation in the oestrus occurrence was determined. Oestrus occurrence observed in January, March, November and December was less than that in June and September (P<0.05). Annual distribution of the oestrus occurrence was positively correlated with environment temperature and insulation duration, but it was negatively correlated with rainfall (P<0.01). However, there was no relationship between oestrus occurrence and relative humidity. In addition to these, there was a slight decrease in the oestrus response when the temperature-humidity index (THI) was above 72; nevertheless, this decrease was not significant (P >0.05). The data presented in this study demonstrated that the increase in the environmental temperature up to 23 °C did not cause a suppressive effect on the ovarian activity. In conclusion, annual distribution of the oestrus occurrence is positively correlated with environment temperature and insulation duration whereas it is negatively correlated with rainfall in Holstein cows, in this study.

scholarly journals Simulated Assessment of Summer Maize Drought Loss Sensitivity in Huaibei Plain, China

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqi Wei ◽  
Juliang Jin ◽  
Shangming Jiang ◽  
Shaowei Ning ◽  
Yi Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Jointing Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Yield Formation

In an agricultural drought risk system, crop drought loss sensitivity evaluation is a fundamental link for quantitative agricultural drought loss risk assessment. Summer maize growth processes under various drought patterns were simulated using the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES-maize, which was calibrated and validated based on pit experiments conducted in the Huaibei Plain during 2016 and 2017 seasons. Then S-shaped maize drought loss sensitivity curve was built for fitting the relationship between drought hazard index intensity at a given stage and the corresponding dry matter accumulation and grain yield loss rate, respectively. Drought stress reduced summer maize evapotranspiration, dry matter, and yield accumulation, and the reductions increased with the drought intensity at each stage. Moreover, the losses caused by drought at different stages were significantly different. When maize plants were exposed to a severe water deficit at the jointing stage, the dry matter and grain yield formation were greatly affected. Therefore, maize growth was more sensitive to drought stress at the jointing stage when the stress was serious. Furthermore, when plants encountered a relatively slight drought during the seedling or jointing stage, which represented as a lower soil water deficit intensity, the grain yield loss rates approached the maximum for the sensitivity curves of these two stages. Therefore, summer maize tolerance to water deficit at the seedling and jointing stages were weak, and yield formation was more sensitive to water deficit during these two stages when the deficit was relatively slight.

scholarly journals Respon Fisiologis dan Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein pada Musim Kemarau Panjang di Dataran Tinggi

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Elmy Mariana ◽  
Didik Nurul Hadi ◽  
Nur Qoim Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRAK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari respon fisiologi, produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah Frisian Holstein pada akhir musim kemarau panjang di Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole, Lembang, Bandung.  Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Parameter mikroklimat yang diamati antara lain adalah temperatur lingkungan, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan angin, radiasi sinar matahari dalam kandang dan Temperature-Humidity Index (THI). Respon fisiologis yang diamati meliputi suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung. Nilai rerata THI (73.93±5.51) menunjukkan sapi perah berada dalam kondisi  stress ringan. Nilai rerata dari suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung secara berurutan 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13 ±3.00 dan 79.74±6.19. Nilai rerata persentase bahan kering, lemak dan protein susu secara berurutan 10,19 ± 0,72, 2,14 ± 0,38 dan 2,50 ± 0,32. Temperatur lingkungan yang tinggi  mempengaruhi respon fisiologis antara lain peningkatan denyut jantung yang lebih tinggi dari normal dan kualitas susu yang lebih rendah.   (Physiological responses and milk qualities of holstein friesian during long dry season at high altitude)ABSTRACT. The objectives of this study were to evaluate physiological responses and milk qualities of dairy cows in Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole West Bandung at the end of long dry season. Samples were determined by using purposive sampling method. Microclimate parameters  were included  ambient temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, solar radiation and temperature-humidity index (THI). Physiological responses consisted of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate. The mean value of THI (73.93±5.51) showed that dairy cows suffered by heat stress. The mean value of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate were 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13±3.00 and 79.74±6.19 consecutively. The average percentage value of dry matter, fat and protein content in milk were 10.19±0.72, 2.14±0.38 and 2.50±0.32. High ambient temperature and low relative humidity affected physiological responses such as pulse rate that higher than normal,  and  lower milk yield.

scholarly journals Relation between some climate parameters inside and outside the stable in the course of the year

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Walterová ◽  
Lenka Šarovská ◽  
Daniel Falta ◽  
Gustav Chládek
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Climate Parameters ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Daily Relative Humidity ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relation between some climate parameters inside and outside the stable in the course of the year. Investigations were carried out from 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008 at the School Farm in Žabčice. We monitored the following micro-climate pa­ra­me­ters: temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and the temperature-humidity index (THI) inside and outside the stable. We used the statistical programme UNISTAT version 5.1.11 to calculate the average monthly temperatures, relative humidity and the THI inside and outside the stable.Measurements carried out throughout the whole year revealed that the average daily outdoor temperature was always lower than the temperature monitored inside the stable. The differences between the outdoor and indoor temperatures were more marked in winter; in summer the differences were considerably lower. The coefficient correlations confirmed this finding; the temperatures were the highest in July and the lowest in autumn and winter. The same results and tendencies were monitored in terms of the average daily THI values. Much like the temperatures also the differences in high average daily values of relative humidity between the outside and inside environment of the stable were lower. Since the relative humidity was higher in winter than in summer the differences between the indoor and outdoor stable values were more marked in summer than in winter. In contrast to the temperature and THI, in one half of the cases the average daily relative humidity was higher outside the stable than inside and vice versa.

scholarly journals Microclimate in silvipastoral systems with eucalyptus in rank with different heights

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wander de Souza ◽  
Orlando Rus Barbosa ◽  
Jair de Araújo Marques ◽  
Marco Aurélio Teixeira Costa ◽  
Eliane Gasparino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Heat Load Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

The aim of this work was to verify if the presence of trees and its height in formed silvipastoral systems with eucalyptus planted in rank can modify the microclimate and improve the environment for bovine raising during the day in summer. It was evaluated the microclimate of the environment in formed silvipastoral systems in rank of eucalyptus with 8 m, 18 m and 28 meters of height, compared to a system no shade in the summer. The experimental design was a split plot with six hour time in sub parcels. The systems are made up of parcels and the months as block in four replications and the interaction hour × system. The air temperature, black globe temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were observed to create the following indexes for thermal comfort: temperature-humidity index; black globe-humidity index; heat load index and the radiant thermal load. Excepted for the relative humidity, there was interaction for time × system for all variables and indexes. Interaction occurred for: air temperature at 10 a.m. and 6 p.m.; wind speed from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.; temperature humidity index at 10 a.m. and 12 p.m.; black globe temperature, black globe humidity index, heat load index, and radiant thermal load at all the hours. During the summer, the system with shade of 28 m trees had the lowest average of black globe temperature; wind speed; black globe humidity index; radiant thermal load index; and heat load index. There was a reduction of wind speed average in systems 8 m, 18 m and 28 m trees in, respectively, 20.7; 50.0 and 48.0% in relation to no shade system; however it was not proportional to the height, with influence of the rank porosity and pantries height. Nevertheless, for radiant thermal load index the reduction was proportional to the height of the trees with 10.24; 12.49 and 20.76%, respectively, for 8 m, 18 m and 28 meters of height. There was a reduction of the thermal stress in the environment due to the presence of trees, being the heat load index thermal the index that better demonstrated the effect, despite of not being proportional to the rank height.

Modeling of Ambient Environment and Thermal Status Relationship of Pig’s Body in a Pig Barn

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanta Kumar Basak ◽  
Elanchezhian Arulmozhi ◽  
Fawad Khan ◽  
Frank Gyan Okyere ◽  
Jihoon Park, Ara Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Thermal Status ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Model Temperature

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of temperature model (T model), relative humidity model (H model), temperature-humidity model (TH model), and temperature-humidity index model (THI model) in predicting pig’s body surface temperature (PBT). Infrared Sensor (IR) was used to measure PBT at different locations: left side (LS), right side (RS), forehead (FH) and back side (BS). Ambient environmental parameters inside the room such as temperature (ART), relative humidity (RRH) and CO2 concentration were measured using livestock environment management system (LEMS). THI model was selected as the best model in making more accurate prediction in both training (R2=0.72, RMSE=0.80, RSE=0.26 and MAPE=2.08) and validation (R2=0.74, RMSE=1.10, RSE=0.40 and MAPE=2.80) stages. For more precise modeling, apart from temperature and humidity data other environmental factors inside pig’s barn (CO2 concentration, wind speed, air pressure etc.) as well as growth factors (body weight, feed intake etc.) may be included in models.

DIAGNÓSTICO BIOCLIMÁTICO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE AVES DE CORTE EM DIFERENTES MUNICÍPIOS DO RS

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Zanandra Boff Oliveira ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Poultry Farming

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o diagnóstico bioclimático para a produção de aves de corte em diferentes municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados de temperatura média compensada (TMC) e umidade relativa compensada (URC), referentes ao período compreendido entre 1961 e 1990, disponíveis no site do INMET, para os municípios de: Cachoeira do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Guaporé, Lagoa Vermelha, Passo Fundo, Santana do Livramento, São Gabriel e Uruguaiana. Os valores do Índice de Umidade e Temperatura (ITU) para avicultura de corte foram calculados através da equação proposta por Bunffington et al. (1982). Os resultados demonstram que nas três primeiras semanas de vida dos animais, prevalece o ITU inferior ao de conforto, já a partir da terceira semana, prevalece o ITU superior ao de conforto. Na média dos municípios, o ITU fica na faixa de conforto durante quatro meses do ano para a criação de aves com uma, duas, três e seis semanas de vida e, cinco meses do ano para a criação de aves com quatro e cinco semanas de vida. Assim, o presente diagnóstico indica, para o RS, a necessidade de modificações no ambiente de criação, tanto de aquecimento quanto de resfriamento, para atender as das aves de corte em diferentes idades.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Índice de Temperatura e Umidade; Avicultura; Ambiência. BIOCLIMATIC DIAGNOSIS FOR BROILERS PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT RIO GRANDE DO SUL MUNICIPALITIESABSTRACT: This study aimed the bioclimatic diagnosis of broilers  production in different municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. For this  average temperature compensated  (TMC) and offset relative humidity (URC) INMET data  from 1961 to 1990 were used. from the following municipalities: Cachoeira do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Guapore, Lagoa Vermelha, Passo Fundo, Santana do Livramento, Sao Gabriel, and Uruguaiana. The values of Temperature and Humidity Index (ITU) for poultry production were calculated using the equation proposed by Bunffington (1977). The results demonstrate that in the first three weeks of life of the animals, the prevailing ITU lower than comfort, as from the third week, reigns ITU higher than comfort. The average of the municipalities, the ITU is the comfort range for four months of the year for rearing birds with one, two, three and six weeks of life, and five months for poultry with four and five weeks life. Thus, the present diagnostic indicates to the RS, the need for changes in the environment, either as heating cooling, to meet as the broilers of cut at different ages.KEYWORDS: Temperature and Humidity Index; Poultry farming; Ambience.

scholarly journals Horse Transport to Three South American Horse Slaughterhouses: A Descriptive Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béke Nivelle ◽  
Liesbeth Vermeulen ◽  
Sanne Van Beirendonck ◽  
Jos Van Thielen ◽  
Bert Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
South American ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Humidity Index

Between November 2016 and October 2017, 23 horse transports from 18 collection points to two slaughterhouses in Argentina and one in Uruguay were monitored. The goal of this study was to characterize the current practices in commercial horse transports and to detect potential threats to horse welfare. A total of 596 horses were transported over an average distance of 295 ± 250 km. Average transport duration was 294 ± 153 min. The infrastructure did not always promote smooth loading, but the amount of horses that refused to enter the trailers was limited. In each loading space, a camera was mounted to observe horse behaviour during the journey. Ambient temperature and relative humidity (RH) were recorded every five minutes in each loading space. In 14 of the 23 transports, the maximum temperature rose above 25 °C and the average temperature was over 25 °C during six transports. The average temperature humidity index (THI) exceeded 72 during six transports. The average stocking density was 1.40 ± 0.33 m2 per horse, or 308 ± 53 kg/m2. The degree of aggression differed between the front and rear loading space. Stocking density, environmental parameters, trailer characteristics, and transport duration and distance did not influence aggressiveness.

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