Why are people energy poor? Evidence from ethnic fractionalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 105519
Author(s):  
Jayash Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Fractionalization

scholarly journals New evidence on the link between ethnic fractionalization and economic freedom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Marson ◽  
Matteo Migheli ◽  
Donatella Saccone
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Ethnic Fractionalization ◽  
Economic Freedom Index ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractAmong the determinants of economic freedom, the presence of different ethnic groups within a country has sometimes been explored by the empirical literature, without conclusive evidence on the sign of the relation, its drivers, and the conditions under which it holds. This paper offers new evidence by empirically modelling how ethnic fragmentation is related to economic freedom, as measured by the Economic Freedom Index and by each of its numerous areas, components and sub-components. The results provide insights on the components driving the effect and, interestingly, detect notable differences between developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Ethnic Fractionalization, Governance and Loan Defaults in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Andrianova ◽  
Badi H. Baltagi ◽  
Panicos Demetriades ◽  
David Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Fractionalization ◽  
Loan Defaults

Explaining the Paradox of Plebiscites

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-219
Author(s):  
Matt Qvortrup ◽  
Brendan O’Leary ◽  
Ronald Wintrobe
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Fractionalization ◽  
Autocratic Regimes ◽  
Foregone Conclusion

AbstractRecent referendums show that autocratic regimes consult voters even if the outcome is a foregone conclusion. They have been doing so with increasing frequency since Napoleon consulted French citizens in 1800. Why and when do dictatorial regimes hold referendums they are certain they will win? Analysing the 162 referendums held in autocratic and non-free states in the period 1800–2012, the article shows that referendums with a 99% yes-vote tend to occur in autocracies with high ethnic fractionalization and, in part, in sultanistic (tinpot or tyrannical) regimes, but generally not in communist (totalitarian) states. An explanation is proposed for this variation.

The Influence of Globalization and Ethnic Fractionalization on Cooperation and Trust in Kenya

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy R. Buchan ◽  
Robert Rolfe
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
National Account ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethnic Fractionalization ◽  
The Relationship

This research examines the effects of ethnic fractionalization and globalization on individual-level propensities toward generalized trust and cooperation at the national level. Conclusions regarding both ethnic-fractionalization and globalization remain mixed as to their influence on prosocial behavior. This chapter explores the relationship between these variables in Kenya, a country with an extremely heterogeneous population that has increased integration with the global economy over the past decade. Literate Kenyan male and female adults, ages 18 to 60, from two of Kenya’s largest ethnic groups, the Luo and Kikuyu, participated in an experimental public goods game in which players contribute to, and benefit from, a national account. Results are consistent with the argument that it is not ethnic fractionalization per se that is associated with lower cooperation but increased ethnic inequality. The implications of these findings are that trust and cooperation are highly contextually based and influenced by social and environmental factors.

Nationalized incumbents and regional challengers

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wahman
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ethnic Fractionalization ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Opposition Parties

The African party literature, especially research prescribing to the long-dominant ethnic voting thesis, has asserted that African party systems exhibit low levels of party nationalization. However, systematic research on nationalization across parties and party systems is still lacking. This study argues that the prospects for building nationalized parties vary substantially between incumbent and opposition parties. Incumbent parties, with their access to state resources, have been successful in creating nationwide operations, even in countries where geographical factors have been unfavorable and where ethnic fractionalization is high. The analysis utilizes a new data set of disaggregated election results for 26 African countries to calculate nationalization scores for 77 parties and study the correlates of party nationalization. The results show that factors like ethnic fractionalization, the size of the geographical area, and urbanization affect party nationalization, but only in the case of opposition parties. Incumbent parties, on the other hand, generally remain nationalized despite unfavorable structural conditions.

scholarly journals On the Dynamics of Ethnic Fractionalization

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nauro F. Campos ◽  
Vitaliy S. Kuzeyev
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Fractionalization
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