scholarly journals TU78. POLYGENIC RISK FOR PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER REVEALS DISTINCT ASSOCIATION PROFILES ACROSS SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE GENERAL POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e138
Author(s):  
Fenja Schlag ◽  
Andrea Allegrini ◽  
Jan Buitelaar ◽  
Ellen Verhoef ◽  
Marjolein van Donkelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Polygenic Risk

scholarly journals Polygenic risk for psychiatric disorder reveals distinct association profiles across social behaviour in the general population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenja Schlag ◽  
Andrea Giuseppe Allegrini ◽  
Jan Buitelaar ◽  
Ellen Verhoef ◽  
Marjolein van Donkelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Shared Genetic

Many complex psychiatric disorders are characterised by a spectrum of social difficulties. These symptoms lie on a behavioural dimension that is shared with social behaviour in the general population, with substantial contributions of genetic factors. However, shared genetic links may vary across psychiatric disorders and social symptoms. Here, we systematically investigate heterogeneity in shared genetic liabilities with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), bipolar disorder (BP), major depression (MD) and schizophrenia, across a spectrum of different social symptoms. Specifically, longitudinally assessed low-prosociality and peer-problem scores in two UK population-based/community-based cohorts (ALSPAC, N ≤ 6174, 4-17 years; TEDS, N ≤ 7112, 4-16 years; parent- and teacher-reports) were regressed on polygenic risk scores for ADHD, ASD, BP, MD, and schizophrenia, as informed by genome-wide summary statistics from large consortia, using negative binomial regression models. Across ALSPAC and TEDS, we replicated univariate polygenic associations between social behaviour and risk for ADHD, MD, and schizophrenia. Modelling univariate genetic effects across both cohorts with random-effect meta-regression revealed evidence for polygenic links between social behaviour and ADHD, ASD, MD, and schizophrenia risk, but not BP, where differences in age, reporter and social trait captured 45-88% in univariate effect variation. For ADHD, MD, and ASD polygenic risk, we identified stronger association with peer problems than low prosociality, while schizophrenia polygenic risk was solely associated with low prosociality. The identified association profiles suggest marked differences in the social genetic architecture underlying different psychiatric disorders when investigating population-based social symptoms across 13 years of child and adolescent development.  

Agoraphobia and Parental Bereavement

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Julian Hafner ◽  
Michael J. Roder
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parental Bereavement ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Patient Control ◽  
Patient Control Group ◽  
Married Female

The prevalence of parental bereavement was determined in 50 married female outpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of agoraphobia and in a control group of married female outpatients diagnosed as having non-psychotic psychiatric disorders other than agoraphobia. The two groups were matched for age and overall severity of psychiatric symptoms. Compared with the general population, the patient control group reported a statistically significant excess of parental, but not maternal, bereavement. The agoraphobic group was significantly younger than the control group at the time of parental loss. These data, together with other reports, suggest a contribution of paternal bereavement before the age of 30 years to agoraphobia in married women and a contribution of recent parental bereavement to psychiatric disorder in general.

scholarly journals Attitudes of the general population to psychiatric and physical illness

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Clinical Vignette ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Negative Attitudes

Aims and methodThe attitudes of members of the general population to people with psychiatric and physical illnesses were examined. We took a random sample of 280 members of the general population listed in the phone directory and sent them a brief clinical vignette about a neighbour with either schizophrenia, depression, diabetes or no illness.ResultsOnly 103 (41%) of the surveyed general population responded. Some unsolicited comments revealed negative attitudes from a small number of subjects. There were, however, no statistically significant differences in general attitudes to sufferers of psychiatric and physical illnesses suggestive of discrimination against the former. Indeed, respondents showed a general tendency to be more supportive of a neighbour with any illness than to those without. In a sub-analysis, however, those who knew someone with schizophrenia were significantly less likely to be sympathetic towards them.Clinical implicationsWe have not detected any general stigmatisation of those with psychiatric disorders, but our results may be attributable to response bias. Discrimination against those with psychiatric disorder may be limited to a relatively small sector of society or may only be manifest in relatively close relationships.

Risk of Breast Cancer Among Carriers of Pathogenic Variants in Breast Cancer Predisposition Genes Varies by Polygenic Risk Score

2021 ◽  
pp. JCO.20.01992
Author(s):  
Chi Gao ◽  
Eric C. Polley ◽  
Steven N. Hart ◽  
Hongyan Huang ◽  
Chunling Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Predisposition Genes ◽  
Brca1 Brca2

PURPOSE This study assessed the joint association of pathogenic variants (PVs) in breast cancer (BC) predisposition genes and polygenic risk scores (PRS) with BC in the general population. METHODS A total of 26,798 non-Hispanic white BC cases and 26,127 controls from predominately population-based studies in the Cancer Risk Estimates Related to Susceptibility consortium were evaluated for PVs in BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, BARD1, BRIP1, CDH1, and NF1. PRS based on 105 common variants were created using effect estimates from BC genome-wide association studies; the performance of an overall BC PRS and estrogen receptor–specific PRS were evaluated. The odds of BC based on the PVs and PRS were estimated using penalized logistic regression. The results were combined with age-specific incidence rates to estimate 5-year and lifetime absolute risks of BC across percentiles of PRS by PV status and first-degree family history of BC. RESULTS The estimated lifetime risks of BC among general-population noncarriers, based on 10th and 90th percentiles of PRS, were 9.1%-23.9% and 6.7%-18.2% for women with or without first-degree relatives with BC, respectively. Taking PRS into account, more than 95% of BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 carriers had > 20% lifetime risks of BC, whereas, respectively, 52.5% and 69.7% of ATM and CHEK2 carriers without first-degree relatives with BC, and 78.8% and 89.9% of those with a first-degree relative with BC had > 20% risk. CONCLUSION PRS facilitates personalization of BC risk among carriers of PVs in predisposition genes. Incorporating PRS into BC risk estimation may help identify > 30% of CHEK2 and nearly half of ATM carriers below the 20% lifetime risk threshold, suggesting the addition of PRS may prevent overscreening and enable more personalized risk management approaches.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of polygenic risk score for autism spectrum disorders in general population

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budhachandra Khundrakpam ◽  
Uku Vainik ◽  
Jinnan Gong ◽  
Noor Al-Sharif ◽  
Neha Bhutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder is a highly prevalent and highly heritable neurodevelopmental condition, but studies have mostly taken traditional categorical diagnosis approach (yes/no for autism spectrum disorder). In contrast, an emerging notion suggests a continuum model of autism spectrum disorder with a normal distribution of autistic tendencies in the general population, where a full diagnosis is at the severe tail of the distribution. We set out to investigate such a viewpoint by investigating the interaction of polygenic risk scores for autism spectrum disorder and Age2 on neuroimaging measures (cortical thickness and white matter connectivity) in a general population (n = 391, with age ranging from 3 to 21 years from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics study). We observed that children with higher polygenic risk for autism spectrum disorder exhibited greater cortical thickness for a large age span starting from 3 years up to ∼14 years in several cortical regions localized in bilateral precentral gyri and the left hemispheric postcentral gyrus and precuneus. In an independent case–control dataset from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (n = 560), we observed a similar pattern: children with autism spectrum disorder exhibited greater cortical thickness starting from 6 years onwards till ∼14 years in wide-spread cortical regions including (the ones identified using the general population). We also observed statistically significant regional overlap between the two maps, suggesting that some of the cortical abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder overlapped with brain changes associated with genetic vulnerability for autism spectrum disorder in healthy individuals. Lastly, we observed that white matter connectivity between the frontal and parietal regions showed significant association with polygenic risk for autism spectrum disorder, indicating that not only the brain structure, but the white matter connectivity might also show a predisposition for the risk of autism spectrum disorder. Our findings showed that the fronto-parietal thickness and connectivity are dimensionally related to genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder in general population and are also part of the cortical abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder. This highlights the necessity of considering continuum models in studying the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder using polygenic risk scores and multimodal neuroimaging.

Polygenic risk for psychiatric disorder and singleness in patients with severe mental illness and controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Hjorthøj ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin ◽  
David Michael Hougaard ◽  
Holger J. Sørensen ◽  
Merete Nordentoft
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Polygenic Risk

Bulimia comorbidity in the general population and in the clinic

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Bushnell ◽  
J. E. Wells ◽  
J. M. McKenzie ◽  
A. R. Hornblow ◽  
M. A. Oakley-Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Base Rates ◽  
Specific Increase ◽  
Bulimic Women

SynopsisThis study compares rates of comorbidity of lifetime psychiatric disorder in a clinical sample of women with bulimia, with general population base rates, and with rates of comorbidity among bulimic women in the general population. Eighty-four per cent of the clinical sample of bulimic women had a lifetime affective disorder, and 44% a lifetime alcohol or drug disorder. These rates of disorder were significantly higher than the base rates in the general population. Bulimic women in the general population also had more affective and substance-use disorders than the general population base rates, but the rates of these disorders were lower than found in the clinical sample. In the general population, quite similar rates of other disorders including generalized anxiety, panic, phobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder, are found among those with bulimia, substance-use disorder and depression. Furthermore, among those with depression and substance-use disorder in the general population, rates of eating disorder are comparable. Rather than suggesting a specific relationship between bulimia and either depression or substance-use disorder, the data from this study suggest that the presence of any disorder is associated with a non-specific increase in the likelihood of other psychiatric disorder.

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