Sex and Gender Differences in Cancers of the Genitourinary Tract: The Need to Consider Immune Divergence

Author(s):  
Madhuri Koti ◽  
D. Robert Siemens
2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hausmann ◽  
Barbara Schober

Author(s):  
B. Moretti ◽  
A. Spinarelli ◽  
G. Varrassi ◽  
L. Massari ◽  
A. Gigante ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose The exact nature of sex and gender differences in knee osteoarthritis (OA) among patient candidates for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains unclear and requires better elucidation to guide clinical practice. The purpose of this investigation was to survey physician practices and perceptions about the influence of sex and gender on knee OA presentation, care, and outcomes after TKA. Methods The survey questions were elaborated by a multidisciplinary scientific board composed of 1 pain specialist, 4 orthopedic specialists, 2 physiatrists, and 1 expert in gender medicine. The survey included 5 demographic questions and 20 topic questions. Eligible physician respondents were those who treat patients during all phases of care (pain specialists, orthopedic specialists, and physiatrists). All survey responses were anonymized and handled via remote dispersed geographic participation. Results Fifty-six physicians (71% male) accepted the invitation to complete the survey. In general, healthcare professionals expressed that women presented worse symptomology, higher pain intensity, and lower pain tolerance and necessitated a different pharmacological approach compared to men. Pain and orthopedic specialists were more likely to indicate sex and gender differences in knee OA than physiatrists. Physicians expressed that the absence of sex and gender-specific instruments and indications is an important limitation on available studies. Conclusions Healthcare professionals perceive multiple sex and gender-related differences in patients with knee OA, especially in the pre- and perioperative phases of TKA. Sex and gender bias sensitivity training for physicians can potentially improve the objectivity of care for knee OA among TKA candidates.


2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Richardson ◽  
Lorraine Greaves ◽  
Natasha Jategaonkar ◽  
Kirsten Bell ◽  
Ann Pederson ◽  
...  

AbstractThis article assesses whether the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), adequately reflects sex, gender and diversity related differences in nicotine dependence. Available studies on the FTND were reviewed and a sex, gender and diversity analysis (SGBA) of this instrument was conducted. Results indicate that sex and gender differences in nicotine dependence may undermine the ability of the FTND to present an adequate picture of dependence. Conducting a SGBA on this Fagerstrom test reveals that sex and gender differences likely limit the ability of this instrument to present an accurate picture of dependence in diverse groups. Further research is needed to enhance the sensitivity of the FTND.


Author(s):  
Sul Ki Kim ◽  
Richard Bennett ◽  
Jodie Ingles ◽  
Saurabh Kumar ◽  
Sarah Zaman

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna Mendrek ◽  
Serge Marchand ◽  
Isabelle Gaumond

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