Improvements in grain yield and nutrient utilization efficiency of japonica inbred rice released since the 1980s in eastern China

2022 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 108427
Author(s):  
Tianyao Meng ◽  
Xubin Zhang ◽  
Jialin Ge ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Guanglong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency

scholarly journals Épocas, formas de aplicação e doses de nitrogênio na cultura do milho em condições de cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Maurílio de Sousa Netto ◽  
Fernando Castro de Oliveira ◽  
Lucas da Silva Araújo ◽  
Pedro Marques da Silveira ◽  
Paulo César Ribeiro da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Spike Number

The objective of this study was to evaluate the different timing, methodsof applicationand nitrogen doses in the agronomic characteristics, production components, grain yield, as well as the nutrient utilization efficiency in the maize crop. The experimental design of randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (2 x 2 x 4) and four replicates, was used for the experiment. The treatments were two application times, (maize sowing and in V7 stage coverage); two forms of application(superficial and incorporated to the soil at 8 cm depth); and four nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1). The agronomic characteristics of corn, plant height, spike insertion height, stalk diameter and leaf nitrogen did not differedaccording to the seasons or the application forms, only the nitrogen doses. The components of the production, length and numberof rows per spike, number of grains per row, mass of 100 grains and grain yield presented better results with application of the nitrogen incorporated in the soil and doses of 120 to 180 kg ha-1of nitrogen. The incorporation practice and the 60 kg ha-1dose provided greater agronomic efficiency in the use of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Does the Nitrogen Rates, Methods and Times of Application Influences the Corn Nutrition and Yield?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Jéssica Vettorazzi ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Elisângela Dupas ◽  
Élcio H. Yano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Methods Of Application ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Alternatives to reduce N losses in soil, increasing the nutrient utilization efficiency by the plant with increased grain yield are necessary for the adequate and sustainable management of this nutrient. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of N rates at different times and in different methods of application, evaluating the nutritional status and corn grain yield in the Cerrado (Savannah) region. The study was conducted in Selvíria - MS, Brazil, in an Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replicates, arranged in a factorial scheme 6 × 2 × 2, being: 6 rates of N (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg ha-1), 2 times of application (at seeding or top-dressing) and 2 methods of application (surface or incorporated) with the urea source. The evaluations that were performed: leaf chlorophyll index (LCI), macro and micronutrients concentrations in leaf tissue (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), and corn grain yield. The N supply at sowing time provided higher levels of K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in leaf tissue, while nitrogen fertilization at the V4 stage provided greater LCI. The incorporation of urea into the soil provided higher LCI and N, P and K foliar contents. The increase of N doses influenced positively the LCI, N, P, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn foliar contents, and increased corn grain yield up to the dose of 164 kg ha-1 of N. The urea application to the surface is more interesting to the incorporated application due to the ease of application, cost, besides propitiating similar corn grain yield.

scholarly journals After Life Effect of Endophytic Bacterium Bacillus Cereus on Litter Decomposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijing Hu ◽  
Rumeng Ye ◽  
Lu Pang ◽  
Han Jiang ◽  
Kai Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency

Abstract Background and aims: Endophytic microorganisms exist commonly in plants and are recognized to increase plant growth especially under adverse physical environmental conditions. We here demonstrate that endophytic bacteria (EB) Bacillus cereus can accelerate the decomposition of plant litter and enhance nutrient availability for plant growth.Methods: We first obtained plant litter with and without EB inoculation using a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in a microcosmic experiment, then conducted a litter decomposition experiment to investigated the effect of EB on litter decay rate, phosphorus availability, and on soil microbial community structure. We further evaluated wheat (Triticum aestivum) biomass growth using soils treated with and without EB.Results: Inoculation of EB significantly increased the mass loss of Arabidopsis litter in the middle stage of decomposition, elevated the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the early stage of decomposition, and increased soil available P at the end of decomposition. Analyses of Illumina MiSeq sequencing and structural equation models also indicated that EB inoculation had pronounced impact on the bacterial abundance and diversity in soil. Finally, the growth of the wheat was significantly promoted in the litter with EB decomposition system. Conclusion: EB mediated host after-life effect likely through accelerating the release of nutrients such as P from decomposing plant litter and regulating the structure of soil microorganisms, promoting the sustainability of nutrient utilization efficiency in a terrestrial ecosystem.

scholarly journals The Impact of Producing Type and Dietary Crude Protein on Animal Performances and Microbiota Together with Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1742
Author(s):  
Ahmad Reza Seradj ◽  
Joaquim Balcells ◽  
Laura Sarri ◽  
Lorenzo José Fraile ◽  
Gabriel de la Fuente Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
The Impact

In order to reduce dietary nitrogen and achieve an efficient protein deposition as well as decrease N wastage, we challenged the nutrient utilization efficiency of two different producing types in front of a dietary crude protein (CP) restriction and studied the role of the microbiota in such an adaptation process. Therefore, 32 pure castrated male Duroc (DU) and 32 entire male hybrid (F2) piglets were raised in a three-phase feeding regime. At each phase, two iso caloric diets differing in CP content, also known as normal protein (NP) and low protein (LP), were fed to the animals. LP diets had a fixed restriction (2%) in CP content in regards to NP ones throughout the phases of the experiment. At the end of third phase, fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis purposes and greenhouse gases emissions, together with ammonia, were tested. No changes were found in average daily feed intake (ADFI) of animals of two producing types (Duroc vs. F2) or those consumed different experimental diets (NP vs. LP) throughout the course of study. However, at the end of each experimental phase the average body weight (BW) of hybrid animals were higher compared to Duroc pigs, whereas a reverse trend was observed for average daily gain (ADG), where Duroc pigs showed greater values with respect to hybrid ones. Despite, greater CH4 and ammonia emissions in Duroc pigs with respect to F2, no significant differences were found in contaminant gases emissions between diets. Moreover, LP diets did not alter the microbial community structure, in terms of diversity, although some genera were affected by the dietary challenge. Results suggest that the impact of reducing 2% of CP content was limited for reduction in contaminant gases emissions and highlight the hypothesis that moderate change in the dietary protein levels can be overcome by long-term adaptation of the gut microbiota. Overall, the influence of the producing type on performance and digestive microbiota composition was more pronounced than the dietary effect. However, both producing types responded differently to CP restriction. The use of fecal microbiota as biomarker for predicting feed efficiency has a great potential that should be completed with robust predictive models to achieve consistent and valid results.

scholarly journals Growth and Nutritional Efficiency of Watermelon Plants Grown under Macronutrient Deficiencies

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Santos Cavalcante ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Ricardo de Lima Vasconcelos ◽  
Hilário Júnior de Almeida ◽  
Thais Ramos da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Utilization ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Biological damage caused by macronutrient deficiency in watermelon plants is still not known, and may lead to nutritional disorders and alterations in absorption and utilization efficiencies, depending on the evaluated nutrient. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the growth and nutritional efficiency of watermelon plants grown under macronutrient deficiencies. The experiments were carried out in pots containing an aerated nutrient solution. Treatments consisted of the nutrient solution containing (control) or lacking nitrogen (−N), phosphorus (−P), potassium (−K), calcium (−Ca), magnesium (−Mg), and sulfur (−S), in a completely randomized design with three replications. At the end of the experiment with the onset of symptoms of deficiency, plant growth, green color index, nutrient accumulation, nutrient uptake, nutrient utilization efficiency, root density, and foliar deficiency symptoms were evaluated. P, K, Ca, Mg, and S deficiencies increased plant utilization efficiency and can potentiate watermelon development in environments deficient in these nutrients. The opposite was observed concerning nitrogen deficiency, because this condition induced greater biological damage, with low utilization efficiency, indicating the sensitivity of this species in low N conditions.

scholarly journals Zinc Plus Biopolymer Coating Slows Nitrogen Release, Decreases Ammonia Volatilization from Urea and Improves Sunflower Productivity

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3170
Author(s):  
Maqsood Sadiq ◽  
Usama Mazhar ◽  
Ghulam Abbas Shah ◽  
Zeshan Hassan ◽  
Zahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Utilization

Currently, the global agriculture productivity is heavily relied on the use of chemical fertilizers. However, the low nutrient utilization efficiency (NUE) is the main obstacle for attaining higher crop productivity and reducing nutrients losses from these fertilizers to the environment. Coating fertilizer with micronutrients and biopolymer can offer an opportunity to overcome these fertilizers associated problems. Here, we coated urea with zinc sulphate (ZnS) and ZnS plus molasses (ZnSM) to control its N release, decrease the ammonia (NH3) volatilization and improve N utilization efficiency by sunflower. Morphological analysis confirmed a uniform coating layer formation of both formulations on urea granules. A slow release of N from ZnS and ZnSM was observed in water. After soil application, ZnSM decreased the NH3 emission by 38% compared to uncoated urea. Most of the soil parameters did not differ between ZnS and uncoated urea treatment. Microbial biomass N and Zn in ZnSM were 125 and 107% higher than uncoated urea, respectively. Soil mineral N in ZnSM was 21% higher than uncoated urea. Such controlled nutrient availability in the soil resulted in higher sunflower grain yield (53%), N (80%) and Zn (126%) uptakes from ZnSM than uncoated fertilizer. Hence, coating biopolymer with Zn on urea did not only increase the sunflower yield and N utilization efficiency but also meet the micronutrient Zn demand of sunflower. Therefore, coating urea with Zn plus biopolymer is recommended to fertilizer production companies for improving NUE, crop yield and reducing urea N losses to the environment in addition to fulfil crop micronutrient demand.

scholarly journals Effects of concentrate input on nutrient utilization and methane emissions of two breeds of ewe lambs fed fresh ryegrass

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Wang ◽  
Yiguang Zhao ◽  
Aurélie Aubry ◽  
Gareth Arnott ◽  
Fujiang Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Utilization

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate if high-quality grass could sustain a similar feeding efficiency to concentrate meals for two breeds of lowland ewe lambs. Sixteen lowland ewe lambs of approximately 13 mo age and 61.5 ± 5.28 kg live weight were used in a 2 × 2 factorial study, with 2 diets (fresh perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne] vs. fresh perennial ryegrass plus 0.5 kg/d fresh concentrate) × 2 breeds (Highlander vs. Texel). Grass was cut daily in the morning from a single zero-grazing sward and offered ad libitum. The animals were individually housed in pens and fed experimental diets for an adaptation phase of 19 d, and then transferred to respiration calorimeter chambers, remaining there for 5 d, with feed intake, feces and urine outputs, and methane (CH4) emissions measured during the final 4 d. There were no significant interaction effects between diets and breeds on any variables. Ewe lambs offered 0.5 kg/d concentrate supplementation had slightly greater DM intake and energy (GE, DE, and ME) intake, but had significantly higher N intake and N excretion in feces and urine than those fed the grass-only diet. However, diets had no significant effects on nutrient digestibility, energy or N utilization, or CH4 emission. Texel breed had a significantly lower DM intake and CH4 emissions per kg live weight, whereas the breed had no significant effect on nutrient digestibility or energy or N utilization. These results implicate that good quality grass could sustain high nutrient utilization efficiency as effectively as diets supplemented with concentrates for ewe lamb production. The two breeds of lowland ewe lambs can utilize good quality grass at a similar level of efficiency.

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