Impact of excipient emulsions made from different types of oils on the bioavailability and metabolism of curcumin in gastrointestinal tract

2022 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
pp. 130980
Author(s):  
Haiyan Luo ◽  
Zhengze Li ◽  
Mingfei Yao ◽  
David Julian McClements ◽  
Hang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Different Types

Histopathological study of gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies in pediatric patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten A Ghazal ◽  
Wesam M Osman ◽  
Sarah A Hakim ◽  
Nada N Tamem
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Gastrointestinal Inflammation

Abstract Background Non neoplastic GI lesions in pediatrics are variable and differ in types and prevalence among each pediatric age group. Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogen that can cause gastritis and peptic ulcers in adults as well as in children. Celiac disease is a gluten-dependent autoimmune disorder which affects individuals having genetic susceptibility. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases are disorders that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract with eosinophil-rich inflammation in the absence of known causes for eosinophilia. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract with extraintestinal manifestations and associated immune disorders. It seems that it is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases affecting children in the developed countries. Aim of the work To study different types of paediatric non neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions from gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies received at the Pathology Department in Ain Shams University hospital during a period of 2 years (2017-2018), and to correlate them with the clinicopathological presentations and endoscopic findings. Patients and Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on all pediatric gastrointestinal biopsies received at Pathology Department in Ain Shams University Hospital during the period of two years (2017- 2018). Only cases with information for all the covariates (n = 580) were selected and the results were statistically analyzed. Results Total 580 pediatric cases were enrolled according to inclusion criteria. Nonspecific gastrointestinal inflammation represented (47.1%), Helicobacter pylori associated gastrointestinal inflammation represented (43.5%), Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease represented (3.8%), Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represented (3.7%), Celiac disease represented (1.9%). Conclusion This is the first study conducted in Ain Shams University Hospitals to assess the different types of pediatric non neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions received with clinicopathological and endoscopic correlation. The most common pediatric non neoplastic GI lesion is Helicobacter pylori infection. The diagnosis of pediatric non neoplastic GI disorder necessitates interdepartmental teamwork between GI pediatricians and pathologists.

scholarly journals Computer-Assisted Segmentation of Videocapsule Images Using Alpha-Divergence-Based Active Contour in the Framework of Intestinal Pathologies Detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Meziou ◽  
A. Histace ◽  
F. Precioso ◽  
O. Romain ◽  
X. Dray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Active Contour ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Contour Segmentation ◽  
Semiautomatic Segmentation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Statistical Similarity ◽  
Wireless Capsule

Visualization of the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract through natural orifices is a challenge for endoscopists. Videoendoscopy is currently the “gold standard” technique for diagnosis of different pathologies of the intestinal tract. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has been developed in the 1990s as an alternative to videoendoscopy to allow direct examination of the gastrointestinal tract without any need for sedation. Nevertheless, the systematic postexamination by the specialist of the 50,000 (for the small bowel) to 150,000 images (for the colon) of a complete acquisition using WCE remains time-consuming and challenging due to the poor quality of WCE images. In this paper, a semiautomatic segmentation for analysis of WCE images is proposed. Based on active contour segmentation, the proposed method introduces alpha-divergences, a flexible statistical similarity measure that gives a real flexibility to different types of gastrointestinal pathologies. Results of segmentation using the proposed approach are shown on different types of real-case examinations, from (multi)polyp(s) segmentation, to radiation enteritis delineation.

scholarly journals Intestinal Mucus Layer and Mucins (A Review)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tarabova ◽  
Z. Makova ◽  
E. Piesova ◽  
R. Szaboova ◽  
Z. Faixova
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Gel Layer ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract, like the urinary, respiratory, reproductive tracts and the surface of the eye, has large surface areas which are in contact with the exterior environment. The mucosal tissues in the gastrointestinal tract are exposed to large number of exogenous, water or food born microbiota. Therefore, they serve as access routes for different types of bacteria, parasites, viruses, enzymes and toxins. In order to protect the mucosal tissues against pathogens and aggressive enzymes, which are necessary in digestive processes, they are covered by a resident microbial flora and also by a viscoelastic adherent mucous gel layer. The mucus layer acts as the first line of defense against threats and also as a positive environment for beneficial endogenous microbiota adapted for symbiotic living. The quantity and quality of mucus layers varies throughout the gastrointestinal tube and is often changed and disrupted during the occurrence disease. A disturbed mucus layer in the intestine can result in changes in the whole organism, such as: impaired immunity, loss of weight and weak food conversion, which is important, especially in food animals. That is why several researchers have focused on these changes, both in humans and other animals, to find out methods and countermeasures, which will facilitate the best protection for the mucus layer in the intestine. In this review, we describe the composition and function of the mucus layer and mucins in the intestine.

scholarly journals A Case of Childhood Upper GIT Obstruction: An Unusual Cause

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Sheikh Sayidul Haque ◽  
Amar Kumar Saha ◽  
Sahadeb Kumar Das ◽  
Monwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Duodenal Obstruction ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Radiological Evaluation ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Types

Bezoars are retained concretions of undigested foreign material that accumulate and coalesce within the gastrointestinal tract, commonly in the stomach .The occurrence of bezoars formation is well documented in human, but the diagnosis, management and treatment remains a difficult task for the patient and health care professionals. The differential diagnosis of upper GIT obstruction in children includes both common and rare pathologies. Within these lists different types of bezoars causing upper GIT obstruction have been reported in. literature and different methods of management have been described. In this article we ltave reported that a 6 years old boy presented to us with features of duodenal obstruction .The clinical and radiological evaluation was suggestive of duodenal obstruction. Finally, laparotomy was done and a phytobezoar found in the third part of duodenum which was disimpacted and removed by gastrotomy. The child had an uneventful post o.perative course and discharged on the seventh post operative day in a stable condition. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2012) Vol. 16 (2) : 98-100

scholarly journals Pathogens of diseases of the digestive tract of rabbits in the parasitocenosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (102) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
M. P. Prus ◽  
Y. V. Duda
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Different Types

Among the causes that cause significant economic damage to the rabbit industry are parasitic and infectious diseases. In different geographical areas, most protozoan and helminthic diseases exist as monoparasitosis and various associations. Associative invasions occur in various combinations. There is not enough information in the literature that could give a complete picture of the current state of infections and invasions of the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits in Ukraine. The aim of our work was to establish the epizootic situation regarding the pathogens of invasive and infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits. The work was performed during 2019–2020. Monitoring of the epizootic situation regarding parasitosis of the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits was carried out based on the results of coproscopic studies of animals from different regions of Ukraine. The spread of the disease was established by clinical observation, helminthoscopic, helminthovoscopic, helmintholarvoscopic studies of animals and incomplete helminthological autopsy of rabbits aged from birth to 4 years. According to our research, it was found that spirochetosis as a monoinfection was registered in 3.32 % of animals, eimeriosis as a monoinvasion – in 10.70 %, passalurosis – in 3.33 %, strongyloidosis – in 4.79 %, cysticercosis – in 1.85 %. Parasitosis of the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits most often occurred in the form of myxinvasions (76.01 %). Most often associative parasitosis of rabbits was detected as part of two-component mixinvasions (54,85%), less often recorded in the form of three-component mixinvasions (37.38 %) and four-component mixinvasions (7.77 %). Polyinvasions consisted of associations: prokaryotes, protozoa and nematodes (32.52 %), protozoa and nematodes (30.10 %), different types of nematodes (11.17 %), prokaryotes and nematodes (9.22 %), prokaryotes and protozoa (6.80 %), protozoa and cestodes (3.88 %), cestodes and nematodes (2.91 %), prokaryotes and cestodes (2.43 %), prokaryotes, protozoa, cestodes and nematodes (0.97 %), protozoa, cestodes and nematodes (0.49 %). In the parasitocenoses of the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits are most often registered in the form of associations with Eimeria sрp. and Treponema cuniculi (19.42 %), Eimeria sрp., Passalurus ambiguus and Treponema cuniculi (18.45 %), Eimeria sрp., Treponema cuniculi and Strongyloides papillosus (13.11 %), Passalurus ambiguus and Strongyloides papillosus (11.17 %). In total, 11 combinations of different types of parasites were identified, the co-members of which are passalurus, 10 – eimeria, 7 – strongyloides and treponema, 6 – cysticercus.

scholarly journals Design of pectin beads for oral protein delivery

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Urbano ◽  
António Ribeiro ◽  
Francisco Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Oral Protein Delivery ◽  
External Gelation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Calcium Pectinate ◽  
Matrix Reinforcement

Protein and peptide drugs are becoming a very important class of therapeutic agents owing to recent and remarkable advances in the area of biotechnology. However, most of them are not therapeutically active after oral administration due to severe physical and enzymatic barriers of the gastrointestinal tract. A combination of colonic targeting using pectin-based systems and microencapsulation methods was used to increase the oral bioavailability of proteins. The purpose of this investigation was therefore, to study under gastrointestinal the release conditions of bovine serum albumin from calcium pectinate beads prepared by extrusion/external gelation. Matrix reinforcement with dextran sulfate and different types of coatings was investigated.

scholarly journals A review of the physiology of the canine digestive tract related to the development ofin vitrosystems

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Smeets-Peeters ◽  
Tim Watson ◽  
Mans Minekus ◽  
Robert Havenaar
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Different Types

AbstractFood and nutrition studies in animals and human beings often meet with technical difficulties and sometimes with ethical questions. An alternative to research in living animals is the dynamic multicompartmentalin vitromodel for the gastrointestinal tract described by Minekuset al.(1995) and Havenaar & Minekus (1996). The dynamic conditions that are simulated in this model are peristaltic movements, transit times, pH responses, secretion of enzymes and electrolytes and absorption of nutrients and water. To obtain data for anin vitromodel of the dog gastrointestinal tract, the literature was surveyed for physiological responses to different types of dog food. These included: values of enzyme activities, electrolyte concentrations, gastric emptying and intestinal transit times, pH values, secretion and composition of bile and absorption rates in different parts of the dog gastrointestinal tract. The review focuses on research carried out on healthy, adult dogs of 10–20 kg and on parameters related to the oral cavity, stomach and small intestine. This literature research gives sufficient data on the physiology of the canine digestive tract for the development of anin vitrodynamic model that adequately simulates the functions of the stomach and small intestine of the dog.

scholarly journals COURSE OF THREATENED ABORTION IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS OF DIFFERENT TYPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Nadiia Zherebak ◽  
Olena Gnatko
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Threatened Abortion ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abortion is one of the most important medical and social problems in the world. Functional and morphological sexual changes associated with the normal fetal growth and development during physiological pregnancy involve other maternal organs and systems to varying extent, and provide changes in metabolic and homeostasis processes in new conditions to preserve pregnancy. Gastrointestinal motility disorders can be a leading pathogenetic factor that contributes to the development of many common gastrointestinal disorders. During pregnancy, decreased intestinal motility may play a pathogenetic role in pregnancy as a factor leading to decreased intestinal motor and evacuation function and negative impact on pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical course of threatened abortion in early gestation in women with different types of chronic gastritis to optimize the management of pregnancy. 67 pregnant women with threatened abortion at 8-12 weeks of gestation were examined. They were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 - 35(52.2%) women with chronic gastritis and Group 2 - 32(47.8%) patients without gastritis. At the beginning of pregnancy, all women with chronic gastritis had remission. A comparative assessment of the frequency and severity of manifestations of this complication at an early stage on the leading clinical signs: pain, bleeding, retrochorial hematoma in combination with major (vomiting, constipation) motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract in different types of gastritis was performed to determine the role of motor and evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract in the development of the risk of abortion in pregnant women with gastritis. The type of gastritis was confirmed according to the level of basal secretion of serum gastrin 17 (G-17) with the stimulation test. The obtained results were processed by mathematical and statistical analysis methods with determination of average values ​​(M±m), Student's test and confidence index (statistically significant difference was considered as р˂0,05). Results. All women were of reproductive age, the average age of pregnant women in groups had no statistical difference. Analysis of the frequency of clinical manifestations of threatened abortion showed that 35(100%) had pain symptoms, 30(85.7%) had bloody discharge and 10(28.6%) had retrochorial hematoma in Group 1, and 32(100%), 12(37.5%), 5(15.6%), respectively, in Group 2. Assessment of the intensity of threatened abortion symptoms showed that moderate pain was most often observed in all types of gastritis. Mild symptoms were in normoacidic women of Group 1 (11.4%) and Group 2 (9.4%). 2.9% of hyperacidic pregnant women in Group 1 and 3.1% of hypoacidic women in Group 2 reported severe pain. Analysis of the bleeding nature and intensity showed that women in Group 1 with all types of gastritis had spotting: 11.4% of hyperacidic type, 20.0% of normoacidic type and 11.4% of hypoacidic type. Moderate bleeding was observed in different types of chronic gastritis in pregnant women of Group 1 and various acidic conditions in Group 2. Moderate bleeding was significantly more common (7.4-fold) in hyperacidic pregnant women of Group 1 compared with Group 2. Retrochorial hematomas were registered in Group 1 as 14.3% in hyperacidic patients, 5.7% in normoacidic patients and 8.6% in hypoacidic women. Retrochorial hematomas were 2.5-fold more common in hyperacidic gastritis compared with normoacidic and 1.7-fold more common in hypoacidic gastritis. Estimation of the frequency of combined clinical manifestations of functional gastrointestinal diseases in pregnant women with threatened abortion showed that the manifestations of threatened abortion only were observed in 65.6% without gastritis, and only in 5.7% with gastritis. Different variants of combined clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal functional disorders and threatened abortion significantly prevailed in women with chronic gastritis: threatened abortion and vomiting were 3-fold more common, threatened abortion and vomiting and constipation - 4.3-fold, threatened abortion and constipation - 1.6-fold. The combination of threatened abortion and vomiting with various acidity was most common in hyperacidic condition (2,7-fold more common in Group 1 than in Group 2). The variant of the combination of threatened abortion, vomiting and constipation in hyperacid state was 3.6 times more common in Group 1 than in Group 2. Threatened abortion with constipation was registered in 17.1% of women in Group 1 with hyperacidity, which was 2.7 times more often than in women of Group 2. The most common clinical manifestations of threatened abortion and functional gastrointestinal disorders were seen in pregnant women with chronic hyperacidic gastritis. Conclusion. Dysfunction of the motor and evacuation gastrointestinal activity is important in the clinical course of threatened abortion based on the type of chronic gastritis, mediated by the different acid-producing gastric function which indicates the need to optimize treatment of threatened abortion in pregnant women with different types of chronic gastritis.

Hormones and the gastrointestinal tract

2010 ◽  
pp. 2316-2325
Author(s):  
A.E. Bishop ◽  
P.J. Hammond ◽  
J.M. Polak ◽  
S.R. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Different Types

The gastrointestinal tract is the largest endocrine organ in the body, with its component cells dispersed along its length rather than being clustered in glands. Gut peptides integrate gastrointestinal function by regulating the actions of the epithelium, muscles, and nerves, affect the growth and development of the gut and—as has emerged comparatively recently—they also have a major role in appetite control. There is little evidence that many gut peptides act as hormones in a classical endocrine fashion: many are autocrine, regulating the function of the cell secreting them, or paracrine, influencing the behaviour of neighbouring cells of different types....

Tactics of observation and treatment of patients with foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract

1980 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
R. Sh. Shaimardanov ◽  
V. N. Korobkov
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The experience of treating 26 patients with different types of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract is generalized. A classification of foreign bodies is proposed, taking into account clinical manifestations. Practical recommendations have been developed according to the proposed classification.

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