Transcriptome analysis to identify key genes involved in terpenoid and rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)

Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 145417
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mansouri ◽  
Fatemeh Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Key Genes

scholarly journals Rosmarinic Acid andMelissa officinalisExtracts Differently Affect Glioblastoma Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Ramanauskiene ◽  
Raimondas Raudonis ◽  
Daiva Majiene
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Prooxidant Effect ◽  
Lemon Balm

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalisL.) has many biological effects but especially important is its neuroprotective activity. The aim of the study is to produce different extracts ofMelissa officinalisand analyse their chemical composition and biological properties on rat glioblastoma C6 cells. Results revealed that rosmarinic acid (RA) is the predominant compound of lemon balm extracts. RA has cytotoxic effect on glioblastoma cells (LC50290.5 μM after the incubation of 24 h and LC50171.3 μM after 48 h). RA at concentration 80–130 μM suppresses the cell proliferation and has an antioxidant effect. 200 μM and higher concentrations of RA have a prooxidant effect and initiate cell death through necrosis. The aqueous extract of lemon balm is also enriched in phenolic compounds: protocatechuic, caftaric, caffeic, ferulic, and cichoric acids and flavonoid luteolin-7-glucoside. This extract at concentrations 50 μM–200 μM RA has cytotoxic activity and initiates cell death through apoptosis. Extracts prepared with 70% ethanol contain the biggest amount of active compounds. These extracts have the highest cytotoxic activity on glioblastoma cells. They initiate generation of intracellular ROS and cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. Our data suggest that differently prepared lemon balm extracts differently affect glioblastoma cells and can be used as neuroprotective agents in several therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Acids and Antiplatelet Activity of Melissa officinalis Leaf Extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željan Maleš ◽  
Andrea Antolić ◽  
Ivana Babić ◽  
Sandra Jurić ◽  
Mirza Bojić
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antiplatelet Activity ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Lemon Balm

The contents of total phenolic acids and rosmarinic acid were determined and the antiplatelet potential assessed of extracts of lemon balm ( Melissa officinalis L., Lamiaceae) leaf samples collected during 2014 and 2015. The quantity of total phenolic acids ranged from 4.8 to 8.5%, while the rosmarinic acid content ranged from 1.78 to 4.35%. Results of statistical analysis showed that the undiluted extracts have antiplatelet activity in the ADP test (final concentration 31.25 mg/L). While there are reports on antiplatelet activity of lemon balm essential oil, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on antiplatelet activity of lemon balm leaf extracts.

scholarly journals Solid-Phase Extraction for Photometric Determination of Rosmarinic Acid in Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) Extracts

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Ondrejovič ◽  
Tibor Maliar ◽  
Hana Benkovičová ◽  
Jana Kubincová
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Photometric Determination ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm

Solid-Phase Extraction for Photometric Determination of Rosmarinic Acid in Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) Extracts The aim of this study was evaluation of the solid-phase extraction for elimination of interference compounds from lemon balm extracts aimed for photometric determination of rosmarinic acid. In experiments, evaluated conditions were as follows: composition and volume of mobile phase, ratio between volume of sample and mass of stationary phase and flow rate of mobile phase during separation. The results indicated that interfered compounds were eliminated. The lemon balm extracts should be pretreated by adsorption on normal stationary phase (silica gel) in ratio sample volume to silica gel weight 1:1 (v/w) elution by mobile phase - diethyl ether: acetic acid (9:1; v/v) - volume - 40 times of crude extract volume - with flow rate 5 ml/min. After selection of SPE conditions, the method was validated with comparison to HPLC analysis. The results suggest that this method may be useable for determination of rosmarinic acid by photometric measurement based on the complexation of Fe2+ ions with rosmarinic acid.

scholarly journals Release of rosmarinic acid from semisolid formulations and its penetration through human skin ex vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Stelmakienė ◽  
Kristina Ramanauskienė ◽  
Vitalis Briedis
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Release Study ◽  
Vitro Release

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the release of rosmarinic acid (RA) from the experimental topical formulations with the Melissa officinalis L. extract and to evaluate its penetration through undamaged human skin ex vivo. The results of the in vitro release study showed that higher amounts of RA were released from the emulsion vehicle when lemon balm extract was added in its dry form. An inverse correlation was detected between the released amount of RA and the consistency index of the formulation. Different penetration of RA into the skin may be influenced by the characteristics of the vehicle as well as by the form of the extract. The results of penetration assessment showed that the intensity of RA penetration was influenced by its lipophilic properties: RA was accumulating in the epidermis, while the dermis served as a barrier, impeding its deeper penetration.

scholarly journals Comparison of rosmarinic acid content in commercial tinctures produced from fresh and dried lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sanchez-Medina ◽  
Christopher J. Etheridge ◽  
Geoffrey E. Hawkes ◽  
Peter J. Hylands ◽  
Barbara A. Pendry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Linear Gradient ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Ambient Room Temperature

Purpose. To measure the rosmarinic acid content of eight commercial tinctures derived from fresh (n= 5) and dried (n=3) Melissa officinalis herb. Methods. Rosmarinic acid and the internal standard (esculin) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. The column used was a Luna C18, 5 um (150 x 4.6 mm I.D., Phenomenex) maintained at ambient room temperature. The HPLC system consisted of a Shimadzu SCL-6B controller, Shimadzu LC-6A pumps, Shimadzu SPD-6A UV single wavelength spectrophotometric detector set to 320 nm and Shimadzu SIL-6B autosampler. Gradient elution of the samples and standard were performed using ammonium formate (0.02 M; pH 6.25 at 27 oC; eluent A) and methanol (eluent B). The gradient elution initial conditions were 2% of eluent B with linear gradient to 60% at 30 min, followed by linear gradient to 90% of eluent B at 31 min, this proportion being maintained for 4 min. The column was then returned to the initial condition at 36 min and maintained until the end of the run at 43 min. The flow rate was 1 mL/min. The assay was validated for sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility. Results. The content of rosmarinic acid in commercial tinctures was significantly higher in the tinctures made from dried plant material (2.96 – 22.18 mg/mL) compared to fresh plant tinctures (

Evaluation of 28 balm and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) accessions for content and composition of essential oil and content of rosmarinic acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kittler ◽  
H. Krüger ◽  
U. Lohwasser ◽  
D. Ulrich ◽  
B. Zeiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm

scholarly journals Effect of graphene / metal nanocomposites on the key genes involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis pathway and its accumulation in Melissa officinalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Karimi Soraki ◽  
Mahyar Gerami ◽  
Moazzameh Ramezani
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid Synthase

Abstract Background Recently, numerous investigations have been done to study graphene and silver nanoparticle in the fields of agriculture and medicine. In the present study, the green synthesis of nanoparticles with two concentrations (0, 40, 60 mM) and their effect on the molecular and biochemical biosynthesis pathway of rosmarinic acid in a new method, low cost, and safe for the environment has been investigated. The transcript levels of key genes in the rosmarinic acid biosynthesis pathway (Tyrosine aminotransferase, rosmarinic acid synthase, and phenylalanine-ammonia lyase) were studied using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Then, the rosmarinic acid content was evaluated using HPLC. Results The results showed that a concentration-dependent manner was observed in treated plants. At the biochemical level, the use of nanocomposites at concentration of 40 mM showed higher soluble carbohydrate (37%), flavonoids (21%), total phenol (35%) as well as total protein (47%) compared to the control plants. HPLC results showed that rosmarinic acid content in the treated plants with a low concentration of nanocomposite (40 mM) was more affected than plants treated with a high concentration of nanocomposite (60 mM) (26%) and also compared to other treatments. At the molecular level, the result showed that Tyrosine aminotransferase and rosmarinic acid synthase gene expression was positively correlated with both silver nanoparticle concentrations and nanocomposite treatments, but phenylalanine-ammonia lyase gene expression was positively correlated only with nanocomposite at 40 mM concentration. Conclude It can conclude that the nanocomposite at low concentration is more likely to induce molecular and biochemical parameters. And also, in the rosmarinic acid biosynthesis pathway, the Tyrosine aminotransferase -derived pathway is more efficient than the phenylalanine-ammonia lyase -derived pathway by causing a nano-elicitor. Therefore, it was concluded that studied elicitor at low concentration, can create plants with higher production capacity.

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