An IGDT/Scenario based stochastic model for an energy hub considering hydrogen energy and electric vehicles: A case study of Qeshm Island, Iran

This article outlines methods to facilitate the assessment of the impact of electric vehicle charging on distribution networks at planning stage and applies them to a case study. As network planning is becoming a more complex task, an approach to automated network planning that yields the optimal reinforcement strategy is outlined. Different reinforcement measures are weighted against each other in terms of technical feasibility and costs by applying a genetic algorithm. Traditional reinforcements as well as novel solutions including voltage regulation are considered. To account for electric vehicle charging, a method to determine the uptake in equivalent load is presented. For this, measured data of households and statistical data of electric vehicles are combined in a stochastic analysis to determine the simultaneity factors of household load including electric vehicle charging. The developed methods are applied to an exemplary case study with Norwegian low-voltage networks. Different penetration rates of electric vehicles on a development path until 2040 are considered.

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On the Investigation of Energy Efficient Torque Distribution Strategies through a Comprehensive Powertrain Model

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4549

Author(s):

Sara Salamone ◽

Basilio Lenzo ◽

Giovanni Lutzemberger ◽

Francesco Bucchi ◽

Luca Sani

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Torque Distribution ◽

Driving Cycles ◽

Energy Models ◽

Battery State Of Charge

In electric vehicles with multiple motors, the torque at each wheel can be controlled independently, offering significant opportunities for enhancing vehicle dynamics behaviour and system efficiency. This paper investigates energy efficient torque distribution strategies for improving the operational efficiency of electric vehicles with multiple motors. The proposed strategies are based on the minimisation of power losses, considering the powertrain efficiency characteristics, and are easily implementable in real-time. A longitudinal dynamics vehicle model is developed in Simulink/Simscape environment, including energy models for the electrical machines, the converter, and the energy storage system. The energy efficient torque distribution strategies are compared with simple distribution schemes under different standardised driving cycles. The effect of the different strategies on the powertrain elements, such as the electric machine and the energy storage system, are analysed. Simulation results show that the optimal torque distribution strategies provide a reduction in energy consumption of up to 5.5% for the case-study vehicle compared to simple distribution strategies, also benefiting the battery state of charge.

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Scenario Analyses of Exhaust Emissions Reduction through the Introduction of Electric Vehicles into the City

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14072030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 2030

Author(s):

Marianna Jacyna ◽

Renata Żochowska ◽

Aleksander Sobota ◽

Mariusz Wasiak

Keyword(s):

Inner City ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Transport Model ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Scenario Analyses ◽

High Emission ◽

Clean Air ◽

The One ◽

The City

In recent years, policymakers of urban agglomerations in various regions of the world have been striving to reduce environmental pollution from harmful exhaust and noise emissions. Restrictions on conventional vehicles entering the inner city are being introduced and the introduction of low-emission measures, including electric ones, is being promoted. This paper presents a method for scenario analysis applied to study the reduction of exhaust emissions by introducing electric vehicles in a selected city. The original scenario analyses relating to real problems faced by contemporary metropolitan areas are based on the VISUM tool (PTV Headquarters for Europe: PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany). For the case study, the transport model of the city of Bielsko-Biala (Poland) was used to conduct experiments with different forms of participation of electric vehicles on the one hand and traffic restrictions for high emission vehicles on the other hand. Scenario analyses were conducted for various constraint options including inbound, outbound, and through traffic. Travel time for specific transport relations and the volume of harmful emissions were used as criteria for evaluating scenarios of limited accessibility to city zones for selected types of vehicles. The comparative analyses carried out showed that the introduction of electric vehicles in the inner city resulted in a significant reduction in the emission of harmful exhaust compounds and, consequently, in an increase in the area of clean air in the city. The case study and its results provide some valuable insights and may guide decision-makers in their actions to introduce both driving ban restrictions for high-emission vehicles and incentives for the use of electric vehicles for city residents.

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A Framework for Day-ahead Optimal Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Providing Route Mapping: Kowloon Case Study

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127297 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 127297

Author(s):

Arian Shahkamrani ◽

Hossein Askarian-abyaneh ◽

Hamed Nafisi ◽

M. Marzband

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles

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Towards DC Energy Efficient Homes

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11136005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 6005

Author(s):

Daniel Villanueva ◽

Moisés Cordeiro-Costas ◽

Andrés E. Feijóo-Lorenzo ◽

Antonio Fernández-Otero ◽

Edelmiro Miguez-García

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Real Data ◽

Mean Values ◽

Led Lighting ◽

Shed Light

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the question regarding whether the integration of an electric battery as a part of a domestic installation may increase its energy efficiency in comparison with a conventional case. When a battery is included in such an installation, two types of electrical conversion must be considered, i.e., AC/DC and DC/AC, and hence the corresponding losses due to these converters must not be forgotten when performing the analysis. The efficiency of the whole system can be increased if one of the mentioned converters is avoided or simply when its dimensioning is reduced. Possible ways to achieve this goal can be: to use electric vehicles as DC suppliers, the use of as many DC home devices as possible, and LED lighting or charging devices based on renewables. With all this in mind, several scenarios are proposed here in order to have a look at all possibilities concerning AC and DC powering. With the aim of checking these scenarios using real data, a case study is analyzed by operating with electricity consumption mean values.

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