Contribution-based energy-trading mechanism: A multi-level energy management approach

Author(s):  
Hala Alsalloum ◽  
Rana Rahim ◽  
Leila Merghem-Boulahia
Vehicles ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vital van Reeven ◽  
Theo Hofman

In hybrid electric vehicles, energy management systems (EMS) using optimization show superior fuel efficiency compared to rule-based strategies. However, little research shows its real-life applicability. In Part II of this work, the multi-level, model-predictive EMS from Part I is implemented on a heavy-duty parallel hybrid electric vehicle, using GPS and map data as preview. The power split, hybrid mode, and gear selection, including switching costs, are optimized in real time, thereby proving the feasibility of optimal control techniques for hybrid driveline control. Functional validation of the EMS on a test track confirm the fuel-saving mechanism as simulated in Part I. In addition to a fuel saving of 36%, the EMS also improves the drivability, by reducing the amount of open driveline events.


Vehicles ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vital van Reeven ◽  
Theo Hofman

The fuel economy of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is improved, by taking the energy relevant system states into account in the energy management system (EMS). With an increasing number of states and decision variables, energy optimizing algorithms in the EMS can be prohibitive for real-time implementation. In part I of this work, a model-based, multi-level approach is taken to subdivide the original (large) optimization problem into computational efficient sub-problems, based on optimal control techniques using a preview. The resulting EMS solves the problem of power-split between engine and motor/generator, mode and gear switching including switching costs, with battery energy constraints. The superior energy efficiency of the multi-level EMS is simulated on a representative heavy duty drive cycle, where it saves 7.0% fuel, compared to a conventional vehicle, where the baseline EMS for the HEV saves 5.8%. In part II, real-world validation of the EMS is performed.


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