Predicting the Rooting Depth, Dynamic Root Distribution and the Yield of Sunflower under Different Soil Salinity and Nitrogen Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 113749
Author(s):  
Tao Ma ◽  
Wenzhi Zeng ◽  
Guoqing Lei ◽  
Jingwei Wu ◽  
Jiesheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Rooting Depth

scholarly journals Root distribution of irrigated grapevine rootstocks in a coarse texture soil of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS HENRIQUE BASSOI ◽  
LEILSON COSTA GRANGEIRO ◽  
JOSÉ ANTONIO MOURA E SILVA ◽  
EMANUEL ELDER GOMES DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
Salt Creek ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Wall Method

An experiment was carried out to determine the root distribution of four grapevine rootstocks (Salt Creek, Dogridge, Courdec 1613, IAC 572) in a coarse texture soil of a commercial growing area in Petrolina County, São Francisco Valley, Brazil. Rootstocks were grafted to a seedless table grape cv. Festival, and irrigated by microsprinkler. Roots were quantified by the trench wall method aided by digital image analysis. Results indicated that roots reached 1 m depth, but few differences among rootstocks were found. All of them presented at least 90 % of the roots distributed until 0.6 m depth, with a greater root presence in the first 0.4 m. The upper 0.6 m can be taken into account as the effective rooting depth for soil and water management.

scholarly journals How to put plant root uptake into a soil water flow model

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Xuejun Dong
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Plant Root Uptake

The need for improved crop water use efficiency calls for flexible modeling platforms to implement new ideas in plant root uptake and its regulation mechanisms. This paper documents the details of modifying a soil infiltration and redistribution model to include (a) dynamic root growth, (b) non-uniform root distribution and water uptake, (c) the effect of water stress on plant water uptake, and (d) soil evaporation. The paper also demonstrates strategies of using the modified model to simulate soil water dynamics and plant transpiration considering different sensitivity of plants to soil dryness and different mechanisms of root water uptake. In particular, the flexibility of simulating various degrees of compensated uptake (whereby plants tend to maintain potential transpiration under mild water stress) is emphasized. The paper also describes how to estimate unknown root distribution and rooting depth parameters by the use of a simulation-based searching method. The full documentation of the computer code will allow further applications and new development.

scholarly journals Guidelines for irrigation scheduling of banana crop in São Francisco Valley, Brazil. I - Root distribution and activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Henrique Bassoi ◽  
José Antonio Moura e Silva ◽  
Emanuel Elder Gomes da Silva ◽  
Clovis Manoel Carvalho Ramos ◽  
Gilberto Chohaku Sediyama
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Banana Crop

In order to establish guidelines for irrigation water management of banana cv. Pacovan (AAB group, Prata sub-group) in Petrolina County, northeastern Brazil, the root distribution and activity were measured on an irrigated plantation, in a medium texture soil, with plants spaced in a 3 x 3 m grid. Root distribution was evaluated by the soil profile method aided by digital image analysis, while root activity was indirectly determined by the changing of soil water content and by the direction of soil water flux. Data were collected since planting in January 1999 to the 3rd harvest in September 2001. Effective rooting depth increased from 0.4 m at 91 days after planting (dap), to 0.6 m at 370, 510, and 903 dap, while water absorption by roots was predominantly in the top 0,6 m.

Root distribution of lychee trees growing in acid soils of subtropical Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Menzel ◽  
RL Aitken ◽  
AW Dowling ◽  
DR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Vertical Root Distribution

A core sampling technique was used to investigate the vertical root distribution of 8-10-year-old lychee trees (Litchi chinensis cv. Tai So) growing on 5 acid soils in subtropical Queensland (lat. 27�s.). At each site, soil and roots were sampled at 10 cm depth intervals to 100 cm, the root density determined and a range of soil chemical and physical properties measured. Eighty percent of the feeder roots were located within the top 0-20 cm (1 site), 0 4 0 cm (2 sites) or 0-60 cm (2 sites). The depth of rooting was greatest in the fine textured soils, while the greatest total root density was recorded in the coarse textured soils. The data suggest that the placement of tensiometers for water scheduling needs to take into account the effective rooting depth of lychee because it may vary with soil type. At all sites, pH values were acidic (pH<6.0) and subsoil pH values were below 5.5, and exchangeable Ca decreased and exchangeable A1 increased with depth. Four of the 5 sites had subsoil with >30% Al saturation of the cation exchange capacity. Although root density (all sites) was correlated with a number of soil chemical properties, stepwise multiple linear regression showed that 62% of the variation in root density could be explained by a curvilinear function of depth. The intercorrelations between soil properties and the correlation of depth with some properties demonstrate the difficulties in separating the effects of depth per se from those of soil properties in reducing root growth.

Root mass distribution under conventional and conservation tillage

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Dwyer ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
D. W. Stewart ◽  
H. N. Hayhoe ◽  
D. Balchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Root Mass

Tillage effects on the soil environment suggest that it may influence rooting depth and root distribution. In this study, corn (Zea mays L.) rooting depth and root mass distribution were compared under conventional and conservation (chisel, ridge, no-) tillage on sandy loam and clay loam soils at Ottawa, Ontario. Root depth and distribution in 0.10-m vertical increments during vegetative growth were estimated using a combination of excavation of the surface horizon (0–0.10 m) and 0.05-m diameter cores obtained in the row and midway between two rows over a 3-yr period. An exponential model was used to fit root mass distribution data normalized with respect to total root density summed over all increments and maximum rooting depth in the profile. Soil moisture, temperature, mechanical resistance and bulk density varied with tillage treatment, but differences were not associated with root mass distribution. Rooting depth varied with soil texture, year and tillage, with increased rooting depth associated with increased tillage and decreased moisture in surface soil layers. In contrast, a common exponential model was found to fit normalized root mass distribution data under all tillage treatments. Our data suggest that simulation of root mass distribution under all tillage practices is possible if rooting depth and root mass density of the surface soil layer are known. Key words: Corn, model fitting, root distribution, tillage, Zea mays

Root distribution in a deep sand and its relationship to the uptake of added potassium by pasture plants

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Ozanne ◽  
CJ Asher ◽  
DJ Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Potassium Absorption ◽  
Distribution Of Roots ◽  
Pasture Plants

The distribution of roots and the uptake of 42K from various depths in soil were studied in glasshouse and field experiments on 12 temperate annual pasture species. Root/top weight ratios were mostly higher in grasses than in legumes or herbs. This ratio decreased with increasing maturity of the plants. The concentration of roots under field swards decreased exponentially with depth, from 10 cm downwards. Large differences in root distribution were noted between species. The most shallow-rooted were lotus, subterranean clover, and silver grass. The deep-rooted species were cape-weed, erodium, oats, lupins, and serradella. Some ecological implications of these differences in rooting depth are discussed. The effective rooting depth in the field was correlated with root penetration rates measured on young plants. The possibility of using root penetration rate as a means of predicting potential rooting depth is discussed. All species had a high proportion of their roots in the top 10 cm of soil and took up most 42K from this layer. As the depth increased, both the concentration of roots in the soil and the amount of potassium absorption decreased. The amount of roots at the sites of 42K placement was closely related to both the concentration and the total amount of 42K in the tops.

ROOTING CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN, SOYBEANS AND BARLEY AS A FUNCTION OF AVAILABLE WATER AND SOIL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. DWYER ◽  
D. W. STEWART ◽  
D. BALCHIN
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Nonlinear Fitting ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Soil Physical Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Root

Root densities of field-grown corn, soybeans and barley were measured as functions of depth in four soils of different textures for 1 yr, and root depths were monitored for 2 additional years. General relationships were established between root depth, available soil water and soil texture. Maximum root depths were found to be inversely related to available water within the limits imposed by crop rooting habits and soil physical characteristics. Roots continued to develop during the reproductive growth phase and maximum root densities were found about the time of physiological maturity. Root distribution with depth was described for each crop on each soil using a modified exponential equation with an extinction coefficient specific to crop, growth stage and soil. Reasonable estimates of root distribution can be predicted from root density in the top layer using a crop-specific extinction coefficient in this modified exponential equation. Key words: Maximum root density, root distribution, rooting depth, nonlinear fitting

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