Development of an enzyme cocktail to bioconvert untapped starch in sweet sorghum processing by-products: Part II. Application and economic potential

2022 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 114370
Author(s):  
K. Thomas Klasson ◽  
Marsha R. Cole ◽  
Bretlyn T. Pancio ◽  
Matthew Heckemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Development of an enzyme cocktail to bioconvert untapped starch in sweet sorghum processing by-products: Part I

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha R. Cole ◽  
Gillian Eggleston ◽  
Deriesha K. Gaines ◽  
Matthew Heckemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Economic Potential of Sweet Sorghum for Ethanol Production in South Florida

EDIS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane R. Helsel ◽  
José Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Resource Economics ◽  
The State ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Bioenergy Crop ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Biofuel Crop ◽  
Fact Sheet

Sweet sorghum has been designated as “potentially viable” as a biofuel crop. This 8-page fact sheet evaluates the economic potential of producing sweet sorghum as an annual bioenergy crop in the state of Florida. Written by Zane R. Helsel and José Álvarez, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, August 2011. UF/IFAS cover photo: Tyler Jones.

scholarly journals Bioconversion of Sweet Sorghum Residues by Trichoderma citrinoviride C1 Enzymes Cocktail for Effective Bioethanol Production

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1292
Author(s):  
Anna Kancelista ◽  
Joanna Chmielewska ◽  
Paweł Korzeniowski ◽  
Wojciech Łaba
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Crude Enzyme Extract ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
The One ◽  
Trichoderma Citrinoviride ◽  
The Cost

Improved cost-effective bioethanol production using inexpensive enzymes preparation was investigated. Three types of waste lignocellulosic materials were converted—for the production of enzyme preparation, a mixture of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran, while the source of sugars in hydrolysates was sweet sorghum biomass. A novel enzyme cocktail of Trichoderma citrinoviride C1 is presented. The one-step ultrafiltration process of crude enzyme extract resulted in a threefold increase of cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities. The effectiveness of enzyme preparation, compared to Cellic® CTec2, was tested in an optimized enzymatic hydrolysis process. Depending on the test conditions, hydrolysates with different glucose concentrations were obtained—from 6.3 g L−1 to 14.6 g L−1 (representing from 90% to 79% of the CTec2 enzyme yield, respectively). Furthermore, ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SIHA Active Yeast 6 strain DF 639 in optimal conditions reached about 120 mL kg d.m.−1 (75% compared with the CTec2 process). The achieved yields suggested that the produced enzyme cocktail C1 could be potentially used to reduce the cost of bioethanol production from sweet sorghum biomass.

scholarly journals Proteases Production and Chitin Preparation from the Liquid Fermentation of Chitinous Fishery By-Products by Paenibacillus elgii

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Hsin Lee ◽  
Chien Thang Doan ◽  
Thi Ngoc Tran ◽  
Van Bon Nguyen ◽  
Anh Dzung Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gelatin Zymography ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Shrimp Waste ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Chitin Extraction ◽  
Shrimp Heads ◽  
By Products

Chitinous fishery by-products have great application in the production of various bioactive compounds. In this study, Paenibacillus elgii TKU051, a protease-producing bacterial strain, was isolated using a medium containing 1% squid pens powder (SPP) as the sole carbon/nitrogen (C/N) source. P. elgii TKU051 was found to produce at least four proteases with molecular weights of 100 kDa, 57 kDa, 43 kDa, and 34 kDa (determined by the gelatin zymography method). A P. elgii TkU051 crude enzyme cocktail was optimally active at pH 6–7 and 60 °C. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates obtained from the hydrolysis of shrimp shell powder, shrimp head powder, shrimp meat powder, fish head powder and soya bean powder catalyzed by the P. elgii TkU051 crude enzyme cocktail were also evaluated. P. elgii TKU051 exhibited a high deproteinization capacity (over 94%) on different kinds of shrimp waste (shrimp heads and shells; fresh and cooked shrimp waste; shrimp waste dried by oven and lyophilizer), and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy profile of the chitin obtained from the deproteinization process displayed the characteristic of chitin. Finally, the obtained chitin exhibited an effect comparable to commercial chitin in terms of adsorption against Congo Red (90.48% and 90.91%, respectively). Thus, P. elgii TKU051 showed potential in the reclamation of chitinous fishery by-products for proteases production and chitin extraction.

scholarly journals The Effects of Alkaline Pretreatment on Agricultural Biomasses (Corn Cob and Sweet Sorghum Bagasse) and Their Hydrolysis by a Termite-Derived Enzyme Cocktail

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mpho. S. Mafa ◽  
Samkelo Malgas ◽  
Abhishek Bhattacharya ◽  
Konanani Rashamuse ◽  
Brett I. Pletschke
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Alkaline Pretreatment ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Amorphous Cellulose ◽  
Naoh Pretreatment ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Multifunctional Enzymes

Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) and corncob (CC) have been identified as promising feedstocks for the production of second-generation biofuels and other value-added chemicals. In this study, lime (Ca(OH)2) and NaOH pretreatment efficacy for decreasing recalcitrance from SSB and CC was investigated, and subsequently, the pretreated biomass was subjected to the hydrolytic action of an in-house formulated holocellulolytic enzyme cocktail (HEC-H). Compositional analysis revealed that SSB contained 29.34% lignin, 17.75% cellulose and 16.28% hemicellulose, while CC consisted of 22.51% lignin, 23.58% cellulose and 33.34% hemicellulose. Alkaline pretreatment was more effective in pretreating CC biomass compared to the SSB biomass. Both Ca(OH)2 and NaOH pretreatment removed lignin from the CC biomass, while only NaOH removed lignin from the SSB biomass. Biomass compositional analysis revealed that these agricultural feedstocks differed in their chemical composition because the CC biomass contained mainly hemicellulose (33–35%), while SSB biomass consisted mainly of cellulose (17–24%). The alkaline pretreated SSB and CC samples were subjected to the hydrolytic action of the holocellulolytic enzyme cocktail, formulated with termite derived multifunctional enzymes (referred to as MFE-5E, MFE-5H and MFE-45) and exoglucanase (Exg-D). The HEC-H hydrolysed NaOH pretreated SSB and CC more effectively than Ca(OH)2 pretreated feedstocks, revealing that NaOH was a more effective pretreatment. In conclusion, the HEC-H cocktail efficiently hydrolysed alkaline pretreated agricultural feedstocks, particularly those which are hemicellulose- and amorphous cellulose-rich, such as CC, making it attractive for use in the bioconversion process in the biorefinery industry.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Bright-Field Images (Ctem) of Phase Objects at High Resolution

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
By Products ◽  
Test Objects

We have developed a technique to prepare thin single crystal films of graphite for use as supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy. As we showed elsewhere (1), these films are completely noiseless and therefore can be used in the observation of phase objects by CTEM, such as single atoms or molecules as a means for overcoming the difficulties because of the background noise which appears with amorphous carbon supporting films, even though they are prepared so as to be less than 20Å thick. Since the graphite films are thinned by reaction with WO3 crystals under electron beam irradiation in the microscope, some small crystallites of WC or WC2 are inevitably left on the films as by-products. These particles are usually found to be over 10-20Å diameter but very fine particles are also formed on the film and these can serve as good test objects for studying the image formation of phase objects.

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