Employment of biogas as pyrolysis medium and chemical feedstock

Whether or not it is the largest, or the last—both claims have been made—a vast untapped source of food, energy, and raw materials lies in the billions of tonnes of plant waste produced world-wide each year. Cereal straw accounts for a significant proportion of this and is attracting increasing attention as an animal feedingstuff and chemical feedstock. Its fibre also has many uses—in construction, insulation, packaging, and papermaking; its potential extends even to textile manufacture.

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The Fixed Bed Reaction of Residual Natural Rubber for Oil Production by Pyrolysis Process

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.225 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 931-932 ◽

pp. 225-230

Author(s):

Khanita Kamwilaisak ◽

Mallika Thabuot

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Pyrolysis Reaction ◽

Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽

Chemical Feedstock

The aim of this study is to use pyrolysis reaction to produce oil product as a fuel or chemical feedstock. The fixed bed reactor was used as a pyrolysis system. The pyrolysis reaction of residual para rubber was operated in the absence of catalyse. The operating conditions such as particle size (0.5 and 1.0 cm3) and pyrolysis temperature (500, 550 and 600 OC) were studied under N2 conditions and retention time 90 min. The result shows the para rubber size 1.0 cm3 can be produced liquid phase more than of para rubber size of 0.5 cm3. The optimised condition with the highest oil yield was at 550OC with rubber size of 1.0 cm3. The percentage of the product was 60% of liquid, 35% of gas and 5% of solid (char). Furthermore, the FTIR result can be presented the supported evidence that the transformation of aliphatic contents to be aromatic contents was increased with increased temperature. Also, GCMS analysis was used for the identification and quantification of the product. It was found 5 major products that can be used as a chemical feedstock. The maximum amount of component was 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (Isooctyl phthalate) with 22.08%. This is a plasticizer with higher cost than fuel.

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Tunable and Recyclable Polyesters from CO2 and Butadiene

10.33774/chemrxiv-2021-4b5js ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel Rapagnani ◽

Rachel Dunscomb ◽

Alexandra Fresh ◽

Ian Tonks

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Ring Opening ◽

High Energy ◽

Ring Opening Polymerization ◽

Chemical Recycling ◽

Alternate Route ◽

Ceiling Temperature ◽

Chemical Feedstock

Carbon dioxide is inexpensive and abundant, and its prevalence as waste makes it attractive as a sustainable chemical feedstock. Although there are examples of copolymerizations of CO2 with high-energy monomers, the direct copolymerization of CO2 with olefins has not been reported. Herein, an alternate route to tunable, recyclable polyesters derived from CO2 and butadiene via an intermediary lactone, 3-ethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one, is described. Catalytic ring-opening polymerization of the lactone by 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene yields polyesters with molar masses up to 13.6 kg/mol and pendent vinyl sidechains that can undergo post-polymerization functionalization. The polymer has a low ceiling temperature of 138 ºC, allowing for facile chemical recycling. These results mark the first example of a well-defined polyester derived solely from CO2 and olefins, expanding access to new feedstocks that were once considered unfeasible.

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