scholarly journals Oral glycopyrrolate for primary focal hyperhidrosis in a pediatric population: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Helen H. Park ◽  
Rosalynn R.Z. Conic ◽  
Sijia Zhang ◽  
Alexander Lieu ◽  
Michael Haft ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Ito ◽  
Tomoko Torii ◽  
Akihiro Nakajima ◽  
Takeshi Iijima ◽  
Hiroshi Murano ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Although gout is rare in children, chronic sustained hyperuricemia can lead to monosodium urate deposits progressing to gout, just as in adults. This study assessed prevalence and characteristics of gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia, and incidence of gouty arthritis in the pediatric population, using data from Japanese health insurance claims. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric gout and hyperuricemia were analyzed, and specific characteristics of those patients were assessed. Since Japanese guidelines recommend treatment with uric acid lowering drugs for asymptomatic hyperuricemia as well as for gout, these data were also used to investigate the real-world use of uric acid lowering drugs in a pediatric population. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on a 2016–2017 Japanese health insurance claims database, one of the largest epidemiology claims databases available in Japan, which included 356,790 males and 339,487 females 0–18 years of age. Outcomes were measured for prevalence, patient characteristics, treatment with uric acid lowering drugs for gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia, and prevalence and incidence of gouty arthritis. Because uric acid can be elevated by some forms of chemotherapy, data from patients under treatment for malignancies were excluded from consideration. Results Total prevalence of gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia in 0–18 year-olds was 0.040% (276/696,277 patients), with gout prevalence at 0.007% (48/696,277) and asymptomatic hyperuricemia at 0.033% (228/696,277). Prevalence of gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia was highest in adolescent males, at 0.135% (176/130,823). The most common comorbidities for gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia were metabolic syndrome at 42.8% (118/276) and kidney disease at 34.8% (96/276). Of the patients diagnosed with gout or asymptomatic hyperuricemia, 35.1% (97/276) were treated with uric acid lowering drugs. Gouty arthritis developed in 43.8% (21/48) of gout patients during the study, at an incidence of 0.65 flares/person-year. Conclusions Even the pediatric population could be affected by asymptomatic hyperuricemia, gout, and gouty arthritis, and uric acid lowering drugs are being used in this population even though those drugs have not been approved for pediatric indications. Such off-label use may indicate a potential need for therapeutic agents in this population. Trial registration UMIN000036029.


2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Ana Melgar ◽  
Joanna Tatith Pereira ◽  
Patrícia Blaya Luz ◽  
Fernando Neves Hugo ◽  
Fernando Borba de Araujo

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe and compare findings regarding the prevalence and severity of dental caries when using ICDAS and DMFT/dmft in an epidemiological study with children and their mothers. This cross-sectional study evaluated 150 preschoolers and their mothers. Data were collected with ICDAS and then transformed into DMFT/dmft. ICDAS scores related to caries were analyzed according to three different cut-off-points: CP1 (0-healthy/1-6-caries), CP2 (0-1-healthy/2-6-caries) and CP3 (0-2-healthy/3-6-caries), representing the D/d of DMFT/dmft. ICDAS codes regarding restorations, except sealants, were considered the F/f and the code 97 as the M/m of DMFT/dmft index. Prevalence of caries and its severity with ICDAS were 92%, 84% and 31.3% in children and 97.3%, 96.6% and 80% in adults according to CP1/CP2/CP3, respectively. Admitting CP3 as the standard for data transformation of ICDAS in DMFT/dmft, it was observed that DMFT/dmft index would underestimate 60% of non-cavitated lesions in children and 16.6% in adults. The DMFT/dmft underestimated the presence of disease to disregard non-cavitated lesions for the pediatric population evaluated. The choice of which is the best index for epidemiological surveys will depend on the purpose of the research and the target population: if it is to estimate the needs of the population to determine clinical care in children and adults, the DMFT/dmft may be sufficient. However, if the objective is to have a more comprehensive diagnosis of caries at the population level in order to develop preventive strategies, to halt and reverse the disease, the detection of non-cavitated-lesions becomes important, mainly in young children.


Sleep Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Luís Martins ◽  
Petra Chaves ◽  
Ana Luísa Papoila ◽  
Helena Cristina Loureiro

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257721
Author(s):  
Mayako Saito-Abe ◽  
Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada ◽  
Kensuke Shoji ◽  
Miori Sato ◽  
Makoto Irahara ◽  
...  

Background The relationship between allergic individuals and their responsiveness to routine vaccines has rarely been investigated. This study examined whether the seroprevalence of measles antibody differed between children with and without allergic diseases in the general pediatric population. Methods The cross-sectional study was performed within a prospective general birth cohort (a pilot study of the Japan Environment & Children’s Pilot Study [JECS]) of children aged 8 years. The clinical history of allergic diseases, measles, and the concentration of measles immunoglobulin G titers in serum enzyme immunoassay were examined. Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess the relationships between the allergic characteristics of the children and their measles antibody positivity rates. Results This study included 162 children. Any allergic disease was reported in 75 (46.3%). The measles antibody positivity rate was 94.7% among children with any allergic diseases and 92.0% among children without allergic diseases. Our results revealed no differences in measles antibody seropositivity between children with allergies and controls. Conclusions Children with allergies mount and maintain a comparable immune response to the measles vaccine.


Author(s):  
Esti Davidovich ◽  
Julie Grender ◽  
Avi Zini

This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated dental records of 1000 healthy children to determine factors associated with plaque, gingivitis, and caries. A logistic model for plaque and gingivitis (mild versus moderate/severe) and caries (yes/no) was carried out separately for each variable using the following potential factors: Age, Gender, Brush Type, Starting Age of Brushing, Brushing Frequency, and Bite Type. Data from 998 children (median age: 4 years, 10 months (range: 2.5–7 years)) were analyzed. Sixty-four percent were manual toothbrush users; 36% were oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush users. For plaque and gingivitis, but not caries, Brush Type was more impactful than Brushing Frequency. Age influenced the severity of plaque and gingivitis, with increases in the odds of having moderate/severe plaque or gingivitis associated with increasing age. The probability of caries increased until approximately age 5 and then decreased until age 7. Oscillating-rotating brush users were more likely to present with less plaque, gingivitis, and caries, with 6.0, 5.1, and 1.4 times greater odds of having mild (versus moderate/severe) plaque, less severe gingivitis, and being caries-free, respectively, than manual brush users. Similarly, brushing twice daily and starting brushing at an earlier age were associated with better oral health outcomes. Children with anterior bite abnormalities had increased odds of developing moderate/severe plaque and gingivitis than children with normal anterior bites. Gender was not a statistically significant factor associated with plaque, gingivitis, or caries. Children’s oral health is influenced by toothbrush type, starting age of brushing, compliance with twice-daily brushing, and bite abnormalities.


2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Chapa Sosa ◽  
Edgar Rubén Urrutia Vega

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of unstable thoracolumbar fractures in the pediatric population.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with pediatric patients (0 to 15 years) who presented with unstable thoracolumbar fracture with or without neurological damage. Twenty-four operated patients were analyzed: 13 male and 11 female.Results:Falls from height are the most common cause, being the thoracolumbar junction the anatomical site most frequently injured.Conclusion:The thoracolumbar fractures are rare in the pediatric population, as well as post-surgical instrumentation structural deformities.


2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
EmanFawzy Halawa ◽  
SamarMohamed Sabry ◽  
Dalia Ahmed ◽  
MohamedM. E. Al Ghwass

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