The influence of different types of ß-glucans on the gut microbiota of rats fed milk gels

A diet high in polyphenols is associated with a diversified gut microbiome. Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world, after water. The health benefits of tea might be attributed to the presence of polyphenol compounds such as flavonoids (e.g., catechins and epicatechins), theaflavins, and tannins. Although many studies have been conducted on tea, little is known of its effects on the trillions of gut microbiota. Hence, this review aimed to systematically study the effect of tea polyphenols on the stimulation or suppression of gut microbiota in humans and animals. It was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Articles were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases, and data were extracted from 6 human trials and 15 animal studies. Overall, large variations were observed in terms of microbiota composition between humans and animals. A more consistent pattern of diversified microbiota was observed in animal studies. Tea alleviated the gut microbiota imbalance caused by high-fat diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and ultraviolet-induced damage. The overall changes in microbiota composition measured by beta diversity analysis showed that tea had shifted the microbiota from the pattern seen in animals that received tea-free intervention. In humans, a prebiotic-like effect was observed toward the gut microbiota, but these results appeared in lower-quality studies. The beta diversity in human microbiota remains intact despite tea intervention; supplementation with different teas affects different types of bacterial taxa in the gut. These studies suggest that tea polyphenols may have a prebiotic effect in disease-induced animals and in a limited number of human interventions. Further intervention is needed to identify the mechanisms of action underlying the effects of tea on gut microbiota.

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Gut Microbiotic Features Aiding the Diagnosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2020.587284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Xiang ◽

Yanfeng Lou ◽

Lingyu Liu ◽

Yuanling Liu ◽

Weizheng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Lacunar Infarction ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽

Ischemic Infarction ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Different Types ◽

Pathway Analyses

Increasing evidence suggests that features of the gut microbiota correlate with ischemic stroke. However, the specific characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients suffering different types of ischemic stroke, or recovering from such strokes, have rarely been studied, and potential microbiotic predictors of different types of stroke have seldom been analyzed. We subjected fecal specimens from patients with lacunar or non-lacunar acute ischemic infarctions, and those recovering from such strokes, to bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing and compared the results to those of healthy volunteers. We identified microbial markers of different types of ischemic stroke and verified that these were of diagnostic utility. Patients with two types of ischemic stroke, and those recovering from ischemic stroke, exhibited significant shifts in microbiotic diversities compared to healthy subjects. Cluster of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed reduced metabolic and transport-related pathway activities in ischemic stroke patients. We performed fivefold cross-validation using a Random Forest model to identify two optimal bacterial species (operational taxonomic units; OTUs) serving as markers of lacunar infarction; these were Lachnospiraceae (OTU_45) and Bacteroides (OTU_4), and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs under the ROCs) were 0.881 and 0.872 respectively. In terms of non-lacunar acute ischemic infarction detection, the two optimal species were Bilophila (OTU_330) and Lachnospiraceae (OTU_338); the AUCs under the ROCs were 0.985 and 0.929 respectively. In post-ischemic stroke patients, the three optimal species were Pseudomonas (OTU_35), Sphingomonadaceae (OTU_303), and Akkermansia (OTU_9); the AUCs under the ROCs were 1, 0.897, and 0.846 respectively. Notably, the gut microbial markers were of considerable value for utility when diagnosing lacunar infarction, non-lacunar acute ischemic infarction, and post-ischemic stroke. This study is the first to characterize the gut microbiotic profiles of patients with lacunar or non-lacunar, acute ischemic strokes, and those recovering from stroke, and to identify microbiotic predictors of such strokes.

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Impact of Different Types of Diet on Gut Microbiota Profiles and Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55040084 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 84 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Rainer Klement ◽

Valerio Pazienza

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Food Culture ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Different Types ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Food Consumed

Diet is frequently considered as a food regimen focused on weight loss, while it is actually the sum of food consumed by the organism. Western diets, modern lifestyle, sedentary behaviors, smoking habits, and drug consumption have led to a significant reduction of gut microbial diversity, which is linked to many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The latter kill 40 million people each year, equivalent to more than 70% of all deaths globally. Among NCDs, tumors play a major role, being responsible for 29% of deaths from NCDs. A link between diet, microbiota, and cancer prevention and treatment has recently been unveiled, underlining the importance of a new food culture based on limiting dietary surplus and on preferring healthier foods. Here, we review the effects of some of the most popular “cancer-specific” diets on microbiota composition and their potential impact on cancer prevention and treatment.

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Changes in Mouse Gut Microbial Community in Response to the Different Types of Commonly Consumed Meat

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7030076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 76 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhimin Zhang ◽

Dapeng Li ◽

Rong Tang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Chow Group ◽

Red Meat ◽

White Meat ◽

Different Types ◽

Lipid Metabolites ◽

Gut Microbial Community

The consumption of various meats prevalent throughout the world affects host health probably by associating with compositional shifts of gut microbiota. However, the responses of gut microbiota to different types of meat are not well understood. In this study, we explored the effects of cooked fish (white meat), and pork and beef (red meat) on gut microbiota and blood lipid metabolism in male C57BL/6 mice by comparing to those fed laboratory chow. Significant differences in microbial communities were observed among meat- and chow-fed mice. Compared with the chow group, the red and white meat groups obviously increased in abundance of Clostridium, and decreased in Prevotella abundance. The richness and diversity of gut microbiota were markedly decreased in the two red meat groups, with lower abundance of Oscillospira and higher abundance of Escherichia. Meanwhile, there were significant meat-related differences in blood lipid metabolites, with lower levels of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and in mice fed white, compared with red, meat. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein was significantly lower in fish-fed mice. Our results indicate that different types of meat potentially influence gut microbial compositions and blood metabolic profiles, suggesting a need to focus on clinically relevant bacteria in gut microbiota associated with increasing meat consumption.

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Effects of Polyphenols in Tea (Camellia Sinensis sp.) on Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Human Trials and Animal Studies

10.20944/preprints202103.0598.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mus Azza Suhana Khairudin ◽

Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil ◽

Napisah Hussin

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Beta Diversity ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Tea Polyphenols ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Polyphenol Compounds ◽

Human Trials ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Different Types ◽

Meta Analyses

A diet high in polyphenols is associated with a diversified gut microbiome. Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world, after water. The health benefits of tea might be attributed to the presence of polyphenol compounds such as catechins, theaflavins, tannins, and flavonoids. Although many studies are on tea, little is known of its effects on trillions of gut microbiota. Hence, this review is aimed at systematically studying the effect of tea polyphenols on the stimulation or suppression of gut microbiota in humans and animals. It was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Articles were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases, and data were extracted from 6 human trials and 15 animal studies. Overall, huge variations were observed in terms of microbiota composition between humans and animals. A more consistent pattern of diversified microbiota was observed in animal studies. Tea alleviated the gut microbiota imbalance caused by high-fat diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and ultraviolet-induced damage. Overall changes in microbiota composition measured by beta diversity analysis showed that tea had shifted the microbiota from the pattern seen in animals that received tea-free intervention. In humans, the prebiotic-like effect was observed towards gut microbiota, but these results appear in lower-quality studies. Beta diversity in human microbiota remains intact despite tea intervention; supplementation with different teas affected different types of bacterial taxa in the gut. These studies suggest that tea polyphenols may have a prebiotic effect in disease-induced animals and in a limited number of human interventions. Further intervention is needed to identify the mechanisms of action underlying the effects of tea on gut microbiota.

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The crosstalk between the gut microbiota and lipids

OCL ◽

10.1051/ocl/2020070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Philippe Gérard

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Human Intestine ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

High Fat ◽

Potential Health ◽

Different Types ◽

Total Fat

The human intestine harbours a complex and diverse bacterial community called the gut microbiota. This microbiota, stable during the lifetime, is specific of each individual despite the existence of a phylogenetic core shared by the majority of adults. The influence of the gut microbiota on host’s physiology has been largely studied using germfree animals and studies using these animal models have revealed that the effects of lipids on host physiology are microbiota-dependent. Studies in mice have also shown that a high-fat diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the gut microbiome. In humans, dietary fat interventions did not lead to strong and consistent modifications of the microbiota composition. Nevertheless, an association between total fat intake and the reduction of the microbiota richness has been repeatedly found. Interestingly, different types of fat exert different or even opposite effects on the microbiota. Concurrently, the gut microbiota is able to convert the lipids entering the colon, including fatty acids or cholesterol, leading to the production of metabolites with potential health effects.

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The Interplay between Immunity and Microbiota at Intestinal Immunological Niche: The Case of Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20030501 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 501 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rossella Cianci ◽

Laura Franza ◽

Giovanni Schinzari ◽

Ernesto Rossi ◽

Gianluca Ianiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Immune System ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Special Role ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Cancer Treatments ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Different Types ◽

The Impact ◽

Influence Gene Expression

The gut microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While multiple mechanisms are involved, the immune system clearly plays a special role. Indeed, the breakdown of the physiological balance in gut microbial composition leads to dysbiosis, which is then able to enhance inflammation and to influence gene expression. At the same time, there is an intense cross-talk between the microbiota and the immunological niche in the intestinal mucosa. These interactions may pave the way to the development, growth and spreading of cancer, especially in the gastro-intestinal system. Here, we review the changes in microbiota composition, how they relate to the immunological imbalance, influencing the onset of different types of cancer and the impact of these mechanisms on the efficacy of traditional and upcoming cancer treatments.

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The Structure Features and Improving Effects of Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus on Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9010008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shanshan Li ◽

Yuli Qi ◽

Duoduo Ren ◽

Di Qu ◽

Yinshi Sun

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Food Resource ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Astragalus Membranaceus ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽

Different Types ◽

Butyrate Production

Astragalus membranaceus (Astragalus) is often used as a medical and food resource in China. The present study was designed to investigate the features and effects of polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus (WAP) on rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). WAP was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose and glacturonic acid, with glucan, arabinogalactan and RG-I regions, and it showed loosely irregular sheet conformation. WAP decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration of colon in AAD rats, increased propionate and butyrate production, improved metabolic levels, adjusted the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, and decreased the relative abundance of Allobaculum and Coprococcus. In conclusion, WAP contained different types of polysaccharide regions and sheet three-dimensional conformation, while it ameliorated AAD by recovering the colon structure, adjusting the gut microbiota, and improving the SCFAs levels. The results can provide some data basis for natural products to alleviate the side effects related to antibiotics.

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Maternal microbiome during pregnancy and their impact on the canine microbiome in neonates

Veterinarska stanica ◽

10.46419/vs.51.6.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 593-604

Author(s):

Maja Zakošek Pipan ◽

Janko Mrkun

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Bacterial Dna ◽

Dna And Rna ◽

Different Types ◽

Human Neonates

The long-standing hypothesis that the neonatal microbiome is acquired during and after birth has been challenged by recent studies in humans using advanced molecular technologies, which identified bacteria and bacterial DNA and RNA in amniotic fluid, placenta, and meconium. Similar studies have recently been conducted on canine neonates, giving a description of the gut microbiota of newborn puppies and a comparison of different types of parturition on theirdevelopment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of microbiome and microbial alterations in the canine gut, vagina and oral cavity throughout pregnancy, and their effects on the microbiome of the placenta and the meconium in neonatal puppies. We further compare the microbiome knowledge gained in the last decade on human neonates and draw parallels with canine pregnancy and the neonatal microbiome.

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A faster and simpler UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of trimethylamine N-oxide, trimethylamine and dimethylamine in different types of biological samples

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo00954j ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 6484-6491 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Qiu Wu ◽

Yan Zhao ◽

Xiangnan Zhang ◽

Xingbin Yang

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Simultaneous Determination ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Disease Risk ◽

High Association ◽

Different Types ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease Risk

Gut microbiota-dependent metabolites trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine (DMA) from dietary methylamines have recently gained much attention due to their high association with chronic kidney disease risk.

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