Urban agglomeration is a new characteristic of the Chinese urbanization process, and most of the urban agglomeration is located in the same watershed. Thus, urban non-point source (NPS) pollution, especially the characteristic pollutants in urban areas, aggravates NPS pollution at the watershed scale. Many agricultural studies have been performed at the watershed scale; however, few studies have provided a study framework for estimating the urban NPS pollution in an urban catchment. In this study, an integrated approach for estimating agricultural and urban NPS pollution in an urban agglomeration watershed was proposed by coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the event mean concentration (EMC) method and the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The Hun-Taizi River watershed, which contains a typical urban agglomeration and is located in northeastern China, was chosen as the study case. The results indicated that the per unit areas of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the built-up area simulated by the EMC method were 11.9% and 23 times higher than the values simulated by the SWAT. The SWAT greatly underestimated the nutrient yield in the built-up area. This integrated method could provide guidance for water environment management plans considering agricultural and urban NPS pollution in an urban catchment.
Integrated approach to study river fluxes, water and sediment sources apportionment in sparsely monitored catchment
