Uses and limits of the Equivalent Frame Model on existing unreinforced masonry buildings for assessing their seismic risk: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 166-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Quagliarini ◽  
G. Maracchini ◽  
F. Clementi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Frame Model ◽  
Equivalent Frame

Damage from 20th century earthquakes in eastern Canada and seismic vulnerability of unreinforced masonry buildings

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bruneau ◽  
Maurice Lamontagne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Engineering Significance

This paper has been prepared as a reminder of past damaging earthquakes in eastern Canada and as a testimony of the damage suffered; isoseismal maps of five selected eastern Canadian earthquakes are presented as well as illustrations of their effects. Although features of the four older historical events reviewed herein are reasonably well documented (although not to present standards), data of engineering significance needed to perform accurate seismic-resistance evaluations have been for the most part lost owing to the time elapsed. Hence, the damage examples presented herein should not be construed as a comprehensive survey but rather as a sampling of noteworthy failures. Since most of the structural damage produced by these earthquakes was suffered by unreinforced masonry buildings, an overview of the seismic risks they constitute and their main modes of failure is presented. The first step of a coordinated seismic risk reduction plan is also formulated; its application is recommended for the mitigation of economic and human losses in future eastern Canadian earthquakes. Key words: case histories, earthquakes, eastern Canada, seismic risk reduction plan, structural damage, unreinforced masonry buildings.

Spandrel panels in masonry buildings: Effectiveness of the diagonal strut model within the equivalent frame model

Structures ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 879-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sandoli ◽  
Christian Musella ◽  
Gian Piero Lignola ◽  
Bruno Calderoni ◽  
Andrea Prota
Keyword(s):  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Frame Model ◽  
Equivalent Frame

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with Timber Diaphragms

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Igor Tomić ◽  
Francesco Vanin ◽  
Ivana Božulić ◽  
Katrin Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Friction Resistance ◽  
Flexible Diaphragms ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Equivalent Frame

Though flexible diaphragms play a role in the seismic behaviour of unreinforced masonry buildings, the effect of the connections between floors and walls is rarely discussed or explicitly modelled when simulating the response of such buildings. These flexible diaphragms are most commonly timber floors made of planks and beams, which are supported on recesses in the masonry walls and can slide when the friction resistance is reached. Using equivalent frame models, we capture the effects of both the diaphragm stiffness and the finite strength of wall-to-diaphragm connections on the seismic behaviour of unreinforced masonry buildings. To do this, we use a newly developed macro-element able to simulate both in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of the masonry walls and non-linear springs to simulate wall-to-wall and wall-to-diaphragm connections. As an unretrofitted case study, we model a building on a shake table, which developed large in-plane and out-of-plane displacements. We then simulate three retrofit interventions: Retrofitted diaphragms, connections, and diaphragms and connections. We show that strengthening the diaphragm alone is ineffective when the friction capacity of the wall-to-diaphragm connection is exceeded. This also means that modelling an unstrengthened wall-to-diaphragm connection as having infinite stiffness and strength leads to unrealistic box-type behaviour. This is particularly important if the equivalent frame model should capture both global in-plane and local out-of-plane failure modes.

TREMURI program: An equivalent frame model for the nonlinear seismic analysis of masonry buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 1787-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Lagomarsino ◽  
Andrea Penna ◽  
Alessandro Galasco ◽  
Serena Cattari
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Frame Model ◽  
Equivalent Frame
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