The use of modeling and suspended sediment concentration measurements for quantifying net suspended sediment transport through a large tidally dominated inlet

2013 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 96-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li H. Erikson ◽  
Scott A. Wright ◽  
Edwin Elias ◽  
Daniel M. Hanes ◽  
David H. Schoellhamer ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Troels Aagaard ◽  
Joost Brinkkemper ◽  
Drude F. Christensen ◽  
Michael G. Hughes ◽  
Gerben Ruessink

The existence of sandy beaches relies on the onshore transport of sand by waves during post-storm conditions. Most operational sediment transport models employ wave-averaged terms, and/or the instantaneous cross-shore velocity signal, but the models often fail in predictions of the onshore-directed transport rates. An important reason is that they rarely consider the phase relationships between wave orbital velocity and the suspended sediment concentration. This relationship depends on the intra-wave structure of the bed shear stress and hence on the timing and magnitude of turbulence production in the water column. This paper provides an up-to-date review of recent experimental advances on intra-wave turbulence characteristics, sediment mobilization, and suspended sediment transport in laboratory and natural surf zones. Experimental results generally show that peaks in the suspended sediment concentration are shifted forward on the wave phase with increasing turbulence levels and instantaneous near-bed sediment concentration scales with instantaneous turbulent kinetic energy. The magnitude and intra-wave phase of turbulence production and sediment concentration are shown to depend on wave (breaker) type, seabed configuration, and relative wave height, which opens up the possibility of more robust predictions of transport rates for different wave and beach conditions.


Author(s):  
Hong-Ming Liu ◽  
Wen-cheng Liu ◽  
Chih-Yu Chiu

A three-dimensional, unstructured grid, hydrodynamic and suspended-sediment transport model (i.e., SELFE-SED) was developed to simulate temporal and spatial variations of suspended sediment and was applied to the subtropical subalpine Tsuei-Feng Lake (TFL) of Taiwan. The model was validated with measured water level and suspended‑sediment concentration in 2009, 2010, and 2011. The overall model simulation results are in quantitative agreement with the observational data. The validated model was then applied to explore the most important parameter that affects the suspended-sediment concentration and to investigate the effect of wind stress on the mean current and suspended‑sediment distribution in this shallow lake. Modeling results of sensitivity analysis reveal that the settling velocity is a crucial parameter and erosion rate is less important in the suspended-sediment transport model. Remarkable lake circulation was found based on the strength of wind speed and wind direction. Strong wind would result in higher mean current in the top layer and suspended-sediment distribution in the top and bottom layers. This study demonstrated that the wind stress played a significant influence on mean circulation and suspended-sediment transport in a shallow lake.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Qiong Jia ◽  
Xiaowen Chen

Flow and suspended sediment transport in distributary channel networks play an important role in the evolution of deltas and estuaries, as well as the coastal environment. In this study, a 1D flow and suspended sediment transport model is presented to simulate the hydrodynamics and suspended sediment transport in the distributary channel networks. The governing equations for river flow are the Saint-Venant equations and for suspended sediment transport are the nonequilibrium transport equations. The procedure of solving the governing equations is firstly to get the matrix form of the water level and suspended sediment concentration at all connected junctions by utilizing the transformation of the governing equations of the single channel. Secondly, the water level and suspended sediment concentration at all junctions can be obtained by solving these irregular spare matrix equations. Finally, the water level, discharge, and suspended sediment concentration at each river section can be calculated. The presented 1D flow and suspended sediment transport model has been applied to the Pearl River networks and can reproduce water levels, discharges, and suspended sediment concentration with good accuracy, indicating this that model can be used to simulate the hydrodynamics and suspended sediment concentration in the distributary channel networks.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2189
Author(s):  
Zekun Song ◽  
Weiyong Shi ◽  
Junbiao Zhang ◽  
Hao Hu ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
...  

Based on the 2013 field survey data of hydrology, suspended sediments and bottom sediments in the Central Hangzhou Bay, this paper explores the dynamic mechanism of suspended sediments in Hangzhou Bay by employing material flux decomposition. Meanwhile, the migration trends of bed sediments are also investigated by analyzing grain size trends. The results show that during an ebb or flood tide, the hydrograph of suspended sediment concentration of Hangzhou Bay is dominated by an M shape (bimodal), which is attributed primarily to the generation of a soft mud layer and a separate fluid mud layer. Laterally, the distribution of suspended sediment concentration is high in the south and low in the north. From a macroscopic perspective, the net sediment transport in the study area displays a “north-landward and south-seaward” trend, presenting a “C”-shaped transport mode. That is, the sediments are transported from the bay mouth to the bay head on the north side and from the bay head to the bay mouth on the south side. The sediment transports by advection and tidal pumping are predominant, while the sediment transport by vertical circulation makes little contribution to the total sediment transport. Moreover, the sediment transport in the center of the reach area is dominated by advection, whereas that near both sides of the banks is controlled by tidal pumping. The asymmetry of the tides, i.e., flood-dominance in the north and ebb-dominance in the south, is the primary cause of the dynamic mechanism for the overall “C”-shaped transport mode in Hangzhou Bay. Additionally, coupled with the narrow-head wide-mouth geomorphology, Hangzhou Bay remains evolving by south shore silting and north shore scouring.


1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (101) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Beecroft

AbstractBetween 16 and 19 June 1981 a large water pocket of volume 183 000 m3 burst from glacier de Tsidjiore Nouve. From hourly stream discharge and suspended sediment concentration observations a suspended sediment output of 1 674 × 103 kg was calculated. The transport of bed-load was estimated at 3 840 × 103 kg, hence a total quantity of around 5 500 × 103 kg of sediment were removed from the catchment, including the pro-glacial field, in the four days of the outburst.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flóra Pomázi ◽  
Sándor Baranya

The monitoring of fluvial suspended sediment transport plays an important role in the assessment of morphological processes, river habitats, or many social activities associated with river management. However, establishing and operating a well-functioning sediment monitoring system requires the involvement of advanced indirect methods. This study investigates the advantages and limitations of optical and acoustic devices, to quantify the uncertainties and provide a comprehensive comparative assessment of the investigated indirect methods. The novelty of this study, compared to previous ones, is that four different indirect techniques are parallel tested, i.e., the laser diffraction based LISST-Portable|XR, an infrared based optical instrument, the VELP TB1 turbidimeter, the acoustic based LISST-ABS (Acoustical Backscatter Sensor) sensor, and a 1200 kHz Teledyne RD Instruments Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The calibration of all the indirect methods was performed based on more than 1000 samples taken from the Hungarian section of the Danube River within a wide suspended sediment concentration range. Implementing a comparative assessment of the different sediment analysis methods, a qualitative and quantitative characterisation of the applicability is provided. Furthermore, a proposal for an optimised sediment monitoring methodology is also suggested.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqin Duan ◽  
Jingping Xu ◽  
Xiao Wu ◽  
Houjie Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
...  

Instruments on two bottom-mount platforms deployed in the Bohai Strait during a cruise from January 6–13, 2018 recorded an intense northerly wind event. The responses of hydrodynamic and hydrographical characteristics in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea to the wind event were analyzed aided by the wind, wave, sea surface suspended sediment concentration and sea surface height datasets from open sources. It is shown that the strong wind event had a significant impact on the redistribution of sea surface height, regional wave conditions, regional circulations and the accompanying sediment transport pattern. Specifically, the sediment transport through the Bohai Strait may be divided into two chronological phases related to the wind event: (1) the enhanced sediment transport phase during the buildup and peak of the wind event when both the Northern Shandong Coastal Current and regional suspended sediment concentration were sharply increased; and (2) the relaxation phase when the northerly wind subsided or even reversed, accompanied by the enhanced Yellow Sea Warm Current with lowered suspended sediment concentration. Such results at synoptic scale would improve our capability of quantifying sediment exchange between the Bohai and Yellow sea, through the Bohai Strait and provide valuable reference for the study of other similar environments worldwide.


1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Doering ◽  
A.J. Bowen

It has been realized for nearly one hundred years that the transport of sediment is related to the characteristics of a wave, in particular its shape. Cornish (1898) noticed that the shoreward velocity associated with a wave crest was more effective at moving coarse sediment than was the seaward velocity associated with the wave trough. Cornish's observation was consistent with the theory of Stokes (1847), which predicts the onshore velocity associated with the wave crest is stronger and of shorter duration than the offshore velocity associated with the wave trough. This horizontal asymmetry of the cross-shore flow, which is a reflection of the wave shape, is known as velocity skewness. It has been suggested that "the existence of the beach depends on small departures from symmetry in the velocity field balancing the tendency for gravity to move material offshore"(Bowen, 1980). Although the concept of velocity skewness has been incorporated into detailed predictors of sediment transport (Bowen, 1980; Bailard and Inman, 1981) it is only one of many facets that needs to be understood in order to make the accurate prediction of sediment transport realizable. A comprehension of sediment transport is hampered by both an incomplete knowledge of the hydrodynamics and a lack of instrumentation to directly measure instantaneous sediment concentration and the accurate prediction of sediment transport is probably the most enigmatic problem in coastal engineering. Occasionally, suspended sediment concentration has been inferred from in situ pumps and hand-held tubes, but these methods lack the temporal and spatial resolution necessary to elucidate the details of the interaction between the waveinduced flow and the sediment. Recently, a miniature optical backscatter sensor (MOBS), which provides a time series of suspended sediment concentration at a "point", was developed by Downing et al. (1981). During a recent field experiment a vertical array of 5 of these optical backscatter sensors and a colocated flow meter was deployed close to the sea bed. These colocated measurements provide a unique opportunity to investigate the response of near-bed suspended sediment concentration to the wave-induced flow.


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