scholarly journals Calibrated X-ray computed tomography for testing micro-scale pore defect in metallic powder particles for additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 100110
Author(s):  
Shihua Wang ◽  
Baoxi Xu
Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Fuh ◽  
Lee

Additive manufacturing (commonly known as 3D printing) is defined as a family of technologies that deposit and consolidate materials to create a 3D object as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the most popular additive manufacturing techniques, has demonstrated extensive applications in various industries such as medical prosthetics, automotive, and aeronautics. As a thermal process, FDM may introduce internal voids and pores into the fabricated thermoplastics, giving rise to potential reduction on the mechanical properties. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the microscopic pores on the mechanical properties of material fabricated by the FDM process via experiments and micromechanical modeling. More specifically, the three-dimensional microscopic details of the internal pores, such as size, shape, density, and spatial location were quantitatively characterized by X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and, subsequently, experiments were conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of the material. Based on the microscopic details of the pores characterized by XCT, a micromechanical model was proposed to predict the mechanical properties of the material as a function of the porosity (ratio of total volume of the pores over total volume of the material). The prediction results of the mechanical properties were found to be in agreement with the experimental data as well as the existing works. The proposed micromechanical model allows the future designers to predict the elastic properties of the 3D printed material based on the porosity from XCT results. This provides a possibility of saving the experimental cost on destructive testing.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Leiderman ◽  
Andre M. B. Pereira ◽  
Francisco M. J. Benavides ◽  
Carla S. Silveira ◽  
Rodrigo M. R. Almeida ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT. In the present work, we describe our experience with digital petrophysics, enhancing our choices for performing the related tasks. The focus is on the use of ordinary personal computers. To our best knowledge, some of the information and hints we give cannot be found in the literature and we hope they may be useful to researchers that intend to work on the development of this new emerging technology. We have used micro-scale X-ray computed tomography to image the rock samples and, in that sense, we address here the issue of the corresponding image acquisition and reconstruction parameters adjustment. In addition, we discuss the imaging resolution selection and illustrate the issue of the representative volume choice with the aid of two examples. The examples corroborate the notion that it is much more challenging to define a representative volume for carbonate samples than for sandstone samples. We also discuss the image segmentation and describe in details the Finite Element computational implementation we developed to perform the numerical simulations for estimating the effective Young modulus from segmented microstructural images. We indicate the respective computational costs and show that our implementation is able to handle comfortably images of 300×300×300 voxels. We use a commercially available Finite Volume software to estimate the effective absolute directional permeability. Keywords: rock physics, micro-scale X-ray computed tomography, multi-scale homogenization, effective elastic moduli, representative volume. RESUMO. No presente trabalho descrevemos nossa experiência com Petrofísica Digital, dando ênfase às nossas escolhas para a realização das tarefas relacionadas. O foco é no uso de computadores pessoais e, salvo melhor juízo, algumas das informações e dados que apresentamos não podem ser achados na literatura. Nós adquirimos as imagens digitais de amostras de rochas com o auxílio de microtomografia computadorizada por raio-X e, nesse sentido, discutimos aqui o ajuste dos parâmetros de aquisição e reconstrução de imagens. Além disso, nós discutimos a questão da seleção do volume representativo e sua relação com o tamanho e resolução da imagem digital, mostrando dois exemplos ilustrativos. Os exemplos corroboram a noção de que é muito mais difícil definir um volume representativo tratável para carbonatos do que para arenitos. Nós também discutimos a segmentação de imagens no contexto da Petrofísica Digital e descrevemos em detalhes o código de Elementos Finitos por nós desenvolvido para estimar o módulo de Young efetivo de amostras de rochas a partir de suas imagens microtomográficas, indicando o respectivo custo computacional. Nós mostramos que nossas escolhas levaram a uma implementação computacional capaz de lidar confortavelmente com imagens de até 300×300×300 voxels. Por fim, descrevemos o uso do pacote comercial de Volumes Finitos para estimar a permeabilidade absoluta efetiva das amostras de rocha. Palavras-chave: física de rochas, microtomografia computadorizada por raio-X, homogeneização multiescala, módulo de Young efetivo, volume representativo.


Geoderma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Rogasik ◽  
Stefan Schrader ◽  
Ingrid Onasch ◽  
Joachim Kiesel ◽  
Horst H. Gerke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Grazzi ◽  
Carlo Cialdai ◽  
Marco Manetti ◽  
Mirko Massi ◽  
Maria Pia Morigi ◽  
...  

AbstractIn this paper, we have studied an additively manufactured metallic component, intended for ultra-high vacuum application, the exit-snout of the MACHINA transportable proton accelerator beam-line. Metal additive manufacturing components can exhibit heterogeneous and anisotropic microstructures. Two non-destructive imaging techniques, X-ray computed tomography and Neutron Tomography, were employed to examine its microstructure. They unveiled the presence of porosity and channels, the size and composition of grains and intergranular precipitates, and the general behavior of the spatial distribution of the solidification lines. While X-ray computed tomography evidenced qualitative details about the surface roughness and internal defects, neutron tomography showed excellent ability in imaging the spatial density distribution within the component. The anisotropy of the density was attributed to the material building orientation during the 3D printing process. Density variations suggest the possibility of defect pathways, which could affect high vacuum performances. In addition, these results highlight the importance of considering building orientation in the design for additive manufacturing for UHV applications. Graphical Abstract


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