Dielectric electro-active polymer (DEAP) materials, also called artificial muscle, are a kind of EAP smart materials with extraordinary strains up to 30% at a high driving voltage. However, the asymmetric rate-dependent hysteresis is a barrier for trajectory tracking control of DEAP actuators. To overcome the barrier, in this paper, a Hammerstein model is established for the asymmetric rate-dependent hysteresis of a DEAP actuator first, in which a modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii (MPI) model is used to represent the static hysteresis nonlinear part, and an autoregressive with exogenous inputs (ARX) model is used to represent the linear dynamic part. Applying Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm identifies the parameters of the Hammerstein model. Then, based on the MPI model, an inverse hysteresis compensator is obtained to compensate the hysteresis behavior. Finally, a compound controller consisting of the hysteresis compensator and a novel discrete-time terminal sliding mode controller (DTSMC) without state observer is proposed to achieve the high-precision trajectory tracking control. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system is verified by using Lyapunov stability theorem. Experimental results based on a DEAP actuator show that the proposed controller has better tracking control performance compared with a conventional discrete-time sliding mode controller (DSMC).
Discrete-time predictive trajectory tracking control for nonholonomic mobile robots with obstacle avoidance
