AbstractAlthough few maritime endeavors are more prosaic than point-to-point ferry operations, on March 6, 1987, the ro-ro (roll on/roll off) passenger ferry Herald of Free Enterprise capsized 4 min after leaving port, with the loss of at least 188 lives. This paper
reviews onboard as well as shoreside human factor issues that contributed to the casualty and discusses how the loss triggered a shift in international maritime safety from reactive response to a “safety culture”-oriented philosophy currently imposed through the International Safety
Management Code (“ISM Code”). While full particulars have yet to be disclosed, certain similarities with the January 13, 2012 Costa Concordia casualty suggest the maritime industry is slow to apply lessons expensively learned in lost lives and property.