Within-plant variability in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) II: Is a shorter harvest interval always the ideal strategy to maximize fruit firmness?

2022 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 111815
Author(s):  
Claudia Moggia ◽  
Oscar Peñaloza ◽  
José Torres ◽  
Sebastian Romero-Bravo ◽  
Daniel Sepulveda ◽  
...  
HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 784D-784
Author(s):  
Jorge B. Retamales ◽  
Cerardo A. Accedondo

Calcium gradients were established in firm (`Bluecrop' and `Blueray') and soft (`Ivanhoe') highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruits from a 7-year-old planting at La Union, southern Chile. Manual firmness measurements established that `Ivanhoe' fruit was softer than either `Bluecrop' or `Blueray'. In all varieties, Ca concentrations were: seed > pulp > epidermis; opposite trends were found for K+Mg/Ca ratios. Seed number and Ca concentration in the pulp were negatively correlated in `Bluecrop' and `Ivanhoe', but not in `Blueray'. In a related experiment, the response of `Bluecrop' to preharvest sprays of two calcium sources (chloride and nitrate) in four doses (0, 47.5, 35, or 190 g Ca/100 liters of water) was studied; dose and source interactions were not significant. Both calcium sources affected fruit Ca concentrations similarly;l calcium applications, either as nitrate or chloride, increased Ca significantly in epidermis and seed; the highest dose was required to raise significantly Ca concentrations in the pulp. K+Mg/Ca ratios in nitrate- or chloride-treated fruit were: pulp > seed > epidermis.


2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Nelson Eduardo Loyola lópez ◽  
Flavio Aguirre Poblete ◽  
Oscar Godoy Astudillo

<p><em></em>Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Elliot) from organic and conventional sources were subjected to either a pre-harvest application with an organic biostimulant or a post-harvest coverage with sucralose. Fruits were assessed in terms of firmness, dry matter, ascorbic acid, soluble solids, sensory attributes and color, during storage at 0 °C and RH of 90%, for a period of 21 days. Each trial with three treatments: T0correspondingto the control, T1to an application of biostimulant, 22 days before harvest, and T2 to a post-harvest coverage with sucralose. Fruits were evaluated in sensory aspect, with the participation of thirteen panelists, on day fifteen after being harvested and stored. Evaluations of both maturity and quality parameters were performed on days 1,7, 14and 21post-harvest.Pre-harvest treatment with the organic biostimulant showed a higher variation in dry matter and soluble solids, but these variations are not significant. The group with a coverage of Sucralose showed a significant increase in fruit firmness. The best sensory evaluation, was given by the panelists to the organic farming. Fruit measurements, such as color, ascorbic acid and colorimetry showed no significant differences in the results</p><p> </p>


Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 589-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska

Given their attractive appearance and flavour, as well as high antioxidant content, Vaccinium corymbosum L. fruits are greatly appreciated by consumers. These quality traits are primarily dependent on pomological characteristics of the cultivar. Vaccinium corymbosum ‘Bluecrop’ is one of the most popular and valuable cultivars of highbush blueberry; however, its fruits become soft shortly after harvesting. Changes in the fruit structure and in the content of phenolic compounds and, in particular, emergence of some traits related to fruit firmness and shelf life, were analysed in the surface layers of ‘Bluecrop’ fruits from the stage of flowering through the fruit set stage to harvest maturity using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The study involved investigations of qualitative and quantitative changes in the development and microstructure of epicuticular wax, cuticle, epidermis, hypodermis, and stone cells, and analysis of the presence of tannins and anthocyanins. Moreover, it was found that the development of many traits associated with fruit firmness and shelf life started in the initial period of ontogeny. These results can be useful for the researchers developing new cultivars in detection of early manifestations of developmental features of specific quality traits and in comparative analyses of blueberry cultivars differing in fruit firmness and shelf life.


HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihad Alsmairat ◽  
Carolina Contreras ◽  
James Hancock ◽  
Pete Callow ◽  
Randolph Beaudry

We tested the impact of storage atmospheres in which the CO2 and O2 percentages sum to 21% on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit condition and quality. The CO2 and O2 combinations, in percent composition, were 19%/2%, 18%/3%, 16.5%/4.5%, 15%/6%, 13.5%/7.5%, 12%/9%, 6%/15%, and 0%/21% for CO2/O2, respectively. Nine blueberry cultivars were evaluated (Duke, Toro, Brigitta, Ozarkblue, Nelson, Liberty, Elliott, Legacy, and Jersey) after 8 weeks of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 0 °C. Surface mold, berry decay, skin reddening (associated with fruit pulp browning), fruit firmness, pulp discoloration, and the content of ethanol and acetaldehyde were assessed. Fruit firmness, skin reddening, and decay declined and the proportion of fruit with severe internal discoloration tended to increase as CO2 concentrations increased. Ethanol and acetaldehyde accumulation was minimal, indicating fermentation was not induced by the atmospheric conditions applied. Cultivar effects were far more pronounced than atmosphere effects. Some cultivars such as Duke, Toro, Brigitta, Liberty, and Legacy appear to be well suited to extended CA storage, whereas other cultivars such as Elliott stored moderately well, and Ozarkblue, Nelson, and Jersey stored poorly. The data indicate that responses to high levels of CO2, while O2 is maintained at its maximum level practicable, can, in a cultivar-dependent manner, include significant negative effects on quality while achieving the desired suppression of decay.


HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 538F-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Forney ◽  
Kumudini U.K.G. Nicholas ◽  
Michael A. Jordan

Factors affecting the firmness of `Burlington', `Coville', and `Jersey' highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) during storage in controlled atmospheres or air were characterized. Fruit were stored for up to 9 weeks in 6-ounce plastic clamshells at 0 or 3 °C. Fruit firmness was measured as grams per millimeter of fruit deformation using a FirmTech1 firmness tester (Bioworks, Stillwater, Okla.). Blueberry fruit held in sealed chambers in 0% CO2/15% O2 did not soften during storage. At 0 and 3 °C, fruit firmness of all cultivars increased an average of 30% after 9 weeks of storage. Changes in fruit firmness varied between cultivars and ranged from no change in `Coville' fruit held at 3 °C to an increase in firmness of 9 g·mm–1 per week in `Burlington' fruit held at 3 °C. CO2 inhibited the postharvest firming of blueberry fruit and at higher concentrations induced softening. At 0 °C, fruit firmness decreased below initial values when held in concentrations of CO2 >12% for `Burlington' and >10% for `Coville' and `Jersey'. At 3 °C, fruit were more tolerant to CO2 and softening occurred at CO2 concentration >17% for `Burlington', and >12% for `Coville' and `Jersey' fruit. CO2-induced softening was enhanced by increased storage time. CO2 also was effective in reducing fruit decay. After 9 weeks, 2% and 36% of fruit held in air at 0 and 3 °C, respectively, were decayed. However, all fruit held in 10 to 25% CO2 had <1% decay. Controlled atmospheres of 10% to 15% CO2 reduced decay while maintaining fruit firmness.


2018 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Lobos ◽  
Carolina Bravo ◽  
Marcelo Valdés ◽  
Jordi Graell ◽  
Isabel Lara Ayala ◽  
...  

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Cristina Cavalini ◽  
Angelo Pedro Jacomino ◽  
Michele Antonio Lochoski ◽  
Ricardo Alfredo Kluge ◽  
Edwin Moisés Marcos Ortega

Harvest time is one of the main factors related to guava fruit postharvest losses. It is subjectively determined by fruit size and skin color, without any consensual standardization among the growers. The use of maturity indexes enables growers to know the ideal harvest time according to each market situation. The objective of this work was to determine the maturity indexes to identify the harvest time for guava fruit cv. Kumagai and Paluma. Skin color, fruit firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio and ascorbic acid were analyzed. The most adequate maturity indexes for 'Kumagai' guava fruit were skin color and pulp firmness, while for 'Paluma' guava fruit, the best indexes were skin color, pulp firmness, titratable acidity and ratio.


Author(s):  
M.S. Shahrabadi ◽  
T. Yamamoto

The technique of labeling of macromolecules with ferritin conjugated antibody has been successfully used for extracellular antigen by means of staining the specimen with conjugate prior to fixation and embedding. However, the ideal method to determine the location of intracellular antigen would be to do the antigen-antibody reaction in thin sections. This technique contains inherent problems such as the destruction of antigenic determinants during fixation or embedding and the non-specific attachment of conjugate to the embedding media. Certain embedding media such as polyampholytes (2) or cross-linked bovine serum albumin (3) have been introduced to overcome some of these problems.


Author(s):  
R. A. Crowther

The reconstruction of a three-dimensional image of a specimen from a set of electron micrographs reduces, under certain assumptions about the imaging process in the microscope, to the mathematical problem of reconstructing a density distribution from a set of its plane projections.In the absence of noise we can formulate a purely geometrical criterion, which, for a general object, fixes the resolution attainable from a given finite number of views in terms of the size of the object. For simplicity we take the ideal case of projections collected by a series of m equally spaced tilts about a single axis.


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