Biorefining of oil palm empty fruit bunches for bioethanol and xylitol production in Indonesia: A review

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the waste of palm oil processing and lignocellulosic biomass that can be used as raw material for xylitol production. In this research, bioconversion of xylitol using the Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) process in one reactor with a short time and could save the cost. Pretreatment requires to degrade the lignin compound with thermal pretreatment. Hydrolysis of OPEFB performs enzymatically by commercial xylanase enzyme that is Cellic Htec2 and continued with fermentation by yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. The research used experimental and descriptive analysis that covers of variation of OPEFB substrate concentration (7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) on specific growth rate (µ), the yield of xylitol and substrate utilization. The results showed that an increase of OPEFB substrate concentration affected by the increase of specific growth rates (μ) are 0.091/h, 0.094/h, 0.095/h and 0.126/h. It also affected to the decreasing of xylitol yield on 42 hours fermentation are 0.201 g/g; 0.189 g/g; 0.170 g/g; and 0.104 g/g.

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Xylose recovery from dilute-acid hydrolysis of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches for xylitol production

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.5897/ajb2017.16214 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (41) ◽

pp. 1997-2008

Author(s):

Manjarres-Pinzon Katherine ◽

Arias-Zabala Mario ◽

Correa-Londono Guillermo ◽

Rodriguez-Sandoval Eduardo

Keyword(s):

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Xylitol Production ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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Evaluation of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Xylitol Production

BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CATALYSIS ◽

10.9767/bcrec.14.3.3754.559-567 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 559

Author(s):

Khairul Hadi Burhan ◽

Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati ◽

Tjandra Setiadi

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽

Process Performance ◽

Xylitol Production ◽

Optimum Temperature ◽

Fermentation Processes ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Process Route ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification

The biological process route of xylitol production from lignocellulosic materials, via enzymatic hydrolysis which is followed by fermentation, offers a more sustainable or greener process than the chemical process route. Both the enzymatic hydrolysis and the fermentation processes are conducted at moderate process condition and thus require less energy and chemicals. However, the process proceeds slower than the chemical one. In order to improve process performance, the enzymatic hydrolysis and the fermentation processes can be integrated as Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) configuration. This paper discusses the evaluation of SSF configuration on xylitol production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB). To integrate two processes which have different optimum temperature, the performance of each process at various temperature was first evaluated. Later, SSF was evaluated at various hydrolysis and fermentation time at each optimum temperature. SSF showed better process performance than the separated hydrolysis and fermentation processes. The best result was obtained from configuration with 72 hours of prior hydrolysis followed by simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation, giving yield of 0.08 g-xylitol/g-OPEFB. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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Optimization of Xylose Recovery in Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Xylitol Production

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10041391 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1391 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diah Meilany ◽

Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati ◽

Tjandra Setiadi ◽

Raj Boopathy

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Hydrothermal Process ◽

Green Technology ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Solid Loading ◽

Sugar Recovery ◽

Xylitol Production ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Pretreatment Time

The hardest obstacle to make use of lignocellulosic biomass by using green technology is the existence of lignin. It can hinder enzyme reactions with cellulose or hemicellulose as a substrate. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) consist of hemicellulose with xylan as the main component. Xylitol production via fermentation could use this xylan since it can be converted into xylose. Several pretreatment processes were explored to increase sugar recovery from lignocellulosic biomass. Considering that hemicellulose is more susceptible to heat than cellulose, the hydrothermal process was applied to OPEFB before it was hydrolyzed enzymatically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature, solid loading, and pretreatment time on the OPEFB hydrothermal process. The xylose concentration in OPEFB hydrolysate was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that temperature was more important than pretreatment time and solid loading for OPEFB sugar recovery. The optimum temperature, solid loading, and pretreatment time for maximum xylose recovery from pretreated OPEFB were 165 °C, 7%, and 60 min, respectively, giving a xylose recovery of 0.061 g/g of pretreated OPEFB (35% of OPEFB xylan was recovered).

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Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Torrefied Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Briquettes

Chemistry & Chemical Technology ◽

10.23939/chcht10.03.325 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 325-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bemgba Nyakuma ◽

◽

Arshad Ahmad ◽

Anwar Johari ◽

Tuan Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Decomposition Kinetics ◽

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics ◽

Kinetic Properties ◽

Tg Analysis ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Thermal Lag ◽

Profile Characteristics ◽

Kinetics Of

The study is aimed at investigating the thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) briquettes using a thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and the Coats-Redfern model. The results revealed that thermal decomposition kinetics of OPEFB and torrefied OPEFB briquettes is significantly influenced by the severity of torrefaction temperature. Furthermore, the temperature profile characteristics; Tonset, Tpeak, and Tend increased consistently due to the thermal lag observed during TG analysis. In addition, the torrefied OPEFB briquettes were observed to possess superior thermal and kinetic properties over the untorrefied OPEFB briquettes. It can be inferred that torrefaction improves the fuel properties of pelletized OPEFB for potential utilization in bioenergy conversion systems.

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APPLICATION OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH FIBERS IN STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT AS A FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit ◽

10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v25i3.33 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 161-170

Author(s):

Henny Lydiasari ◽

Ari Yusman Manalu ◽

Rahmi Karolina

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Crack Length ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽

Structural Concrete ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Construction Products ◽

By Products ◽

Strength Improvement

The potency of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibers as one of the by-products of processing oil palm is increasing significantly so that proper management is needed in reducing environmental impact. One of the utilization of OPEFB fibers is as a substitution material in construction which usually the material is derived from non-renewable mining materials so that the number is increasingly limited. Therefore, it is necessary to study to know the performance of OPEFB fiber in making construction products especially concrete. In this case, the experiment was conducted using experimental method with variation of fiber addition by 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Each specimen was tested by weight, slump value, compressive strength, tensile strength, elasticity and crack length. As the results, the variation of fibers addition by 10%, decrease of slump value is 7%, concrete weight is 3% and crack length is 8% while increase of the compressive strength is 2.7% and the modulus of elasticity is 33.3% but its tensile strength decreased insignificantly by 0.05% . Furthermore, the addition of fibers above 10% to 30% decreased compressive strength is still below 10% and tensile strength below 2% while the weight of concrete, slump value and crack length decreased. Therefore, the addition of 10% can replace the performance of concrete without fiber but the addition of above 10% can still be used on non-structural concrete.

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Flammability, Tensile, and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber/Pet Yarn-Reinforced Epoxy Fire Retardant Hybrid Polymer Composites

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13081282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1282

Author(s):

M.J. Suriani ◽

Fathin Sakinah Mohd Radzi ◽

R.A. Ilyas ◽

Michal Petrů ◽

S.M. Sapuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Properties ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Hybrid Polymer ◽

Fiber Volume ◽

Fiber Loading ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is a natural fiber that possesses many advantages, such as biodegradability, eco-friendly, and renewable nature. The effect of the OPEFB fiber loading reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites on flammability and tensile properties of the polymer biocomposites were investigated. The tests were carried out with four parameters, which were specimen A (constant), specimen B (20% of fiber), specimen C (35% of fiber), and specimen D (50% of fiber). The PET yarn and magnesium hydroxide were used as the reinforcement material and fire retardant agent, respectively. The results were obtained from several tests, which were the horizontal burning test, tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result for the burning test showed that specimen B exhibited better flammability properties, which had the lowest average burning rate (11.47 mm/min). From the tensile strength, specimen A revealed the highest value of 10.79 N/mm2. For the SEM morphological test, increasing defects on the surface ruptured were observed that resulted in decreased tensile properties of the composites. It can be summarized that the flammability and tensile properties of OPEFB fiber reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites were reduced when the fiber volume contents were increased at the optimal loading of 20%, with the values of 11.47 mm/min and 4.29 KPa, respectively.

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