Proximate analysis of nutrients and in vitro radical scavenging efficacy in selected medicinal plant powders with potential for use as poultry feed additives

The genus Salmonella is closely associated with foodborne outbreaks and animal diseases, and reports of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella species are frequent. Several alternatives have been developed to control this pathogen, such as cell-free supernatants (CFS). Our objective here was to evaluate the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) CFS against Salmonella in vitro. Seventeen strains of LAB were used to produce CFS, and their antimicrobial activity was screened towards six strains of Salmonella . In addition, CFS were also pH-neutralized and/or boiled. Those with the best results were lyophilized. MICs of lyophilized CFS were 11.25–22.5 g l–1. Freeze-dried CFS were also used to supplement swine and poultry feed (11.25 g kg–1) and in vitro simulated digestion of both species was performed, with Salmonella contamination of 5×106 and 2×105 c.f.u. g−1 of swine and poultry feed, respectively. In the antimicrobial screening, all acidic CFS were able to inhibit the growth of Salmonella . After pH neutralization, Lactobacillus acidophilus Llorente, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCT 1629, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PUCPR44, Limosilactobacillus reuteri BioGaia, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 and Pediococcus pentosaceus UM116 CFS were the only strains that partially maintained their antimicrobial activity and, therefore, were chosen for lyophilization. In the simulated swine digestion, Salmonella counts were reduced ≥1.78 log c.f.u. g–1 in the digesta containing either of the CFS. In the chicken simulation, a significant reduction was obtained with all CFS used (average reduction of 0.59±0.01 log c.f.u. ml–1). In general, the lyophilized CFS of L. fermentum CCT 1629, L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 and L. acidophilus Llorente presented better antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, CFS show potential as feed additives to control Salmonella in animal production and may be an alternative to the use of antibiotics, minimizing problems related to antimicrobial resistance.

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Mint Oils: In Vitro Ability to Perform Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities and to Enhance Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1004

Author(s):

Monika Hejna ◽

Lauren Kovanda ◽

Luciana Rossi ◽

Yanhong Liu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Barrier Integrity ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The objectives of the study were to test the biological activities of peppermint and spearmint oils via (i) measuring in vitro anti-inflammatory effects with porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), (ii) determining the barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 by analyzing transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), (iii) testing their antioxidant activities, and (iv) investigating the antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18+. Briefly, (i) macrophages were seeded at 106 cells/mL and treated (24 h) with mint oils and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The treatments were 2 (0 or 1 μg/mL of LPS) × 5 (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 µg/mL of mint oils). The supernatants were collected for TNF-α and IL-1β measurement by ELISA; (ii) IPEC-J2 cells were seeded at 5 × 105 cells/mL and treated with mint oils (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL). TEER (Ωcm2) was measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h; (iii) the antioxidant activity was assessed (0, 1, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 600 mg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays; (iv) overnight-grown ETEC F18+ were quantified (CFU/mL) after supplementing with peppermint and spearmint oils (0, 1.44, 2.87, 5.75, 11.50, and 23.00 mg/mL). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. Both mint oils significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) IL-1β and TNF-α secretion from LPS-stimulated PAMs. Mint oil treatments did not affect TEER in IPEC-J2. Spearmint and peppermint oils exhibited (p < 0.05) strong antioxidant activities in DPPH and reducing power assays. Both mint oils also dose-dependently inhibited (p < 0.05) the growth of ETEC F18+ in vitro. The results of the study indicated that both mint oils are great candidate feed additives due to their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy in vivo.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF CLERODENDRUM VOLUBILE (AN INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANT)

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22200/pjpr.2016277-88 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tomisin Happy Ogunwa ◽

Tolulope Tosin Adeyelu ◽

Rotimi Yemi Fasimoye ◽

Mary Bose Oyewale ◽

Taiwo Ademola Ademoye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Research Work ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Dpph Radical

ABSTRACTClerodenrum volubile is an important locally used medicinal plant. It is one of the essential herbs nature has provided for mankind to be consumed as spices, vegetable and also used in the treatment of diseases. Qualitative phytoconstituent screening of the plant revealed the presence of steroids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compound while chalcones, alkaloid and anthraquinone were absent. Quantitative phytochemical evaluation showed values of 8.29±1.26mg/g rutin equivalent for flavonoids, 3.53±0.05mg/g gallic acid equivalent for phenol, 3.97±0.03mg/g tannic acid equivalent for tannins and 13.67±1.27% for saponin per dry weight. As it is imperative to extend research work on therapeutic effects of the arsenal of plants nature has given to us in Africa so as to obtain a cure for various diseases attacking human’s health, antioxidant properties of the plant was evaluated. Antioxidant models used include iron chelating, DPPH radical, superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, ABTS radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and ferric ion reducing properties. The obtained IC50 values against DPPH radical were 141.342 and 120.349µg/mL for Clerodendrum volubile and trolox respectively. The chelating effect of the plant extract at 50% inhibition was close to that of ascorbic acid (standard) with 134.34 and 131.19µg/mL concentration respectively. Overall, the aqueous extract of the plant showed antioxidant potential which was close to the effects exerted by known standard antioxidants (ascorbic acid, trolox and EDTA). The plant could hence provide natural antioxidants which are needed to combat numerous free radical-mediated diseases and complications such as aging, cancer, atherosclerosis, which are linked with oxidative stress.

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Comparison of in vitro antioxidative activities of crude methanolic extracts of three species of Passiflora from greenhouse using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods

Herba Polonica ◽

10.2478/hepo-2019-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 10-21

Author(s):

Marcin Ożarowski ◽

Aurelia Pietrowiak ◽

Agnieszka Gryszczyńska ◽

Douglas Sigueira De A. Chaves ◽

Anna Krajewska-Patan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Leukemia Cell ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Crude Extracts

Summary Introduction:. It is well documented that many species from Passifloraceae family can provide edible and nutritious fruits while the leaves of cultivated plants are renewable and waste material. This biomass may be further used in various sectors, especially as a bioactive food additive and as source of innovative pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or feed additives. The biomaterials and green chemistry are new sectors bioeconomy according to the high-level horizontal strategies and bio-based industries in Europe. In recent years, attention has been paid to the biological activity and phytochemical profiles of extracts from different species of Passiflora. However, there is little comparative studies using the same procedures and techniques in the same laboratory conditions for study of plant material obtained from the similar greenhouse conditions. Objective: This study was focused on the examination of antioxidative activities of low concentrations of crude extracts from leaves of Passiflora incarnata L., Passiflora caerulea L., and Passiflora alata Curtis. Methods: The activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results of study were supported by estimation of chemical composition with secondary metabolites profiling in extracts which were carried out previously for the same extracts from three Passiflora species. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in the antioxidant activity of various concentrations of the extracts using the DPPH and ABTS radical models, and FRAP method. Results: Measurement of antioxidant capacity (expressed as trolox equivalent, TE) showed that the most active was extract of P. caerulea > P. alata > P. incarnata. Phytochemical analysis for extracts of P. caerulea and P. incarnata showed greater similarities in metabolites content than P. alata. However, comparative statistical analysis of antioxidant activity showed that despite this phytochemical similarities, extract from P. alata leaves had higher activities than extract from leaves P. incarnata. Antioxidant effect of extract from P. alata can be explain by terpenoids presented in this extract. In this work, there have been discussed activities against Acanthamoeba castellanii strain, antibacterial and antifungal activities against selected clinical microorganisms (Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, Micro-sporum gypseum), and anti-leukemic activities tested in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines for this extracts, which have been described in previous authors’ publications. Conclusion: Our current and previous studies showed that the same crude extracts from leaves of P. alata, P. caerulea, P. incarnata exerted not only antioxidant potential in vitro but also few interesting properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, amoebostatic, amoebicidal activities, which indicate the possibility of using these extracts in both a healthy diet and natural cosmetics. Leaves of this species may become an interesting source of biomaterials which can exert health-promoting effects.

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Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiproliferative Activities of Taxillus sutchuenensis

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x12500267 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (02) ◽

pp. 335-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Chia-Yu Liu ◽

Ying-Chih Lin ◽

Jeng-Shyan Deng ◽

Jung-Chun Liao ◽

Wen-Huang Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

No Production ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Antiproliferative Activities

Inflammation is related to several chronic diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis. Taxillus sutchuenensis (Lecomte) Danser is a special folk medicinal plant in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of the aqueouse-thanol extract from T. sutchuenensis (AETS) and its fractions. TEAC, DPPH radicals, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, inhibition of NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation were tested. Among all fractions, the ethyl-acetate (EA) fraction showed the highest TEAC and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The EA fraction also had the highest polyphenol and flavonoid content. The EA fractions also decreased LPS-induced NO production and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells. The antiproliferative activities of the aqueous/ethanol extract and fractions were studied in vitro using A549 cells, and the results were consistent with their antioxidant capacities. EA fractions had the highest antiproliferative activity with an IC50 of 454.38 ± 1.48 μg/ml. Quercetin also had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities. Quercetin might be an important bioactive compound in T. sutchuenensis. The experimental data indicated that T. sutchuenensis is a potent antioxidant medicinal plant, and such efficacy may be mainly attributed to its polyphenolic compounds.

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Assessment of Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and Fluoride containing Dentifrice - An In vitro Study

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00654 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3779-3784

Author(s):

Sushanthi S. ◽

Jayashri Prabakar ◽

Meignana Arumugham Indiran ◽

R. Pradeep Kumar ◽

Srisakthi Doraikannan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Control Measures ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽

Antioxidant Effects

Background: Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean region and cultivated around the world. This medicinal plant possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. It has been proved that naturally occurring active ingredients of herbal medicinal plants shows least adverse effects and can act as effective oral hygiene aid for the control of common oral diseases without the need for synthetically derived or chemical agents. Hence, the present study invitro was designed to assess the cytotoxic and antioxidant effects of rosemary so that it can be used as an effective plaque control measures against various oral diseases. Materials and Methods: Rosemary leaves were procured from the markets of South India and were powdered to prepare the aqueous and ethanolic plant extract. The plant extracts were then subjected for cytotoxic and antioxidant analysis. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated using Brine shrimp lethality assay and antioxidant effects using DPPH radical scavenging assay. After the evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic property, rosemary-based toothpaste using herbal tooth formulation was prepared. Results: The results show that 5,10 and 15µl conc. all the nauplii fishes were alive in rosemary toothpaste whereas 60% of fishes were dead. Rosemary toothpaste have good antioxidant property when compared to fluoride toothpaste. Descriptive statistics were used. Conclusion: From the above findings, rosemary containing dentifrice has very less cytotoxicity and good antioxidant properties when compared with fluoride dentifrice and it can be served as an excellent replacement of several commercially available dentifrices.

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Phytopharmacological and Antioxidant Analysis of Hydroethanolic Extract of Boerhavia diffusa

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 840-846

Author(s):

Murugan K ◽

Kalaivani P ◽

Vanitha V ◽

Bothiraj K.V.

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Chemical Test ◽

Therapeutic Uses ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract ◽

Boerhavia Diffusa

Boerhavia diffusa, a well-known ethno-medicinal plant and were found in tropics and sub-tropics. Boerhavia diffusa is a traditional medicinal plant and they can cure many human ailments. It has most promising pharmacological activities include antifibrinolytic, immunosuppressive, diuretic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antilympho proliferative, analgesic properties and also for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Due to their adverse side effects, the naturally occurring antioxidants has increased and replaced by the synthetic antioxidants. This study is focussed on the phytochemical evaluation and in vitro antioxidant activity of Hydroethanolic extract of Boerhavia diffusa. The qualitative chemical test exhibited the presence of phytocompounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, coumarin, steroids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, emodins and saponins. Quantitative analysis of total phenol, total flavonoid and total tannin was found to be 205.25mg/g, 121.65 mg/g and 61.41mg/g. DPPH, Total antioxidant activity, Superoxide anion radical, Nitric oxide and Hydroxy radical scavenging assay showed that B.diffusa was an excellent scavenger of these radicals. These results are an indication of the potent antioxidant property of the extract and may be responsible for some of the therapeutic uses of Boerhavia diffusa.

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