Phytochemical constituents and larvicidal efficacy of leaf extracts of Aristolochia elegans (Aristolochiaceae)

2022 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 383-394
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Alois ◽  
Gideon C. Sangiwa ◽  
Chrian M. Marciale ◽  
Mtabazi G. Sahini
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Tahseen Ghous ◽  
Kalsoom Akhtar ◽  
Saiqa Andleeb ◽  
Saira Khizar ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
...  

The results of antioxidant assays with Gymnema sylvestre leaf extracts revealed that methanol, acetone, and aqueous extracts possessed maximum DPPH (83, 83, and 75%) and ABTS scavenging potential (85, 71, and 82%). Chloroform possessed maximum total flavonoid (24.6 mg/100 ml) and total iron contents (435.3 ± 0.0125 mg FeSO4 E/G). The extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and chloroform of Gymnema sylvestre leaves displayed an IC50 value of 170.2, 44.4, 131.6 μg/ml, respectively in α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Methanol and aqueous extracts showed maximum inhibition of E. ammni (17 ± 2.0 and 19.6 ± 0.57 mm), E. coli (15.3 ± 0.57 and 17.6 ± 0.57 mm), and S. aureus (16.6 ± 1.52 and 19.3 ± 1.15 mm). It may be concluded that all potential effects of G. sylvestre leaf extracts were due to the presence of phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, steroids, quinones, phenols, triterpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Present findings suggest that these extracts present a satisfactory source for the preparation of antioxidant and antidiabetic medicines.


Author(s):  
Ruthiran Papitha ◽  
Lokesh Ravi ◽  
Chinnadurai Immanuel Selvaraj

Objective: The present study was performed to identify the phytochemical constituents of leaves and flowers of a plant Spermadictyon suaveolens extracted with four different solvents.Methods: Dried and powdered samples were subjected to soxhlation based on the polarity of the solvents. The extracts were scanned using Ultra Violet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry with the wavelength ranging from 200–800 nm by comparing the absorption spectrum with the spectra of known compounds, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry was used to find out the functional groups of the compounds and GC-MS system consisting of a Perkin Elmer Technologies Model Clarus 680 GC equipped with Clarus 600 (EI) was used to identify the metabolites by matching their recorded mass spectra with the standard mass spectra from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST05. LIB) libraries provided by the software of the GCMS system (TurboMass version 5.4.2).Results: The phytochemical tests indicated the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins and terpenoids from the chloroform extract of leaves and flowers. UV-visible spectrophotometer results indicated a wavelength range between 230–660 nm for the flower and leaf extracts for major peaks. FT-IR analysis indicated major functional groups such as aromatic, primary, secondary and aliphatic amines, alkanes, carboxylic acids and amides. GC-MS analysis results revealed major bioactive compounds in the crude extracts.Conclusion: Presence of secondary metabolites has been identified from the phytochemical studies. Many phyto-compounds have been identified from the leaves and flowers of using GC-MS analysis. Hence, this medicinal plant may be used as a source for treating many diseases.


Author(s):  
Gabriel N. Chukwueze ◽  
Christian O. Asadu ◽  
Chijioke E. Onu ◽  
Innocent S. Ike

The inhibitive ability of pawpaw, neem and curry leaf extracts on corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solution were investigated in this work. The extracts obtained from their respective leaves, were characterized to determine their phytochemical constituents as well as functional groups present using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. Weight loss techniques was employed to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the leaf extracts. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the mild steel before and after corrosion experiments. The process factors studied was exposure time, concentration of leaf extracts (inhibitor) and temperature. The results revealed that the phytochemical constituents of the leaves are capable of inhibiting corrosion due to high concentration of tannins which is responsible for the corrosion inhibition of mild steel. The rate of corrosion decreased with increase in the concentration of the extracts while the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of the extracts. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that the corroded mild steel in the presence of the extracts had smoother surfaces than corroded mild steel in the absence of the extracts. Also, neem leaf extract demonstrated higher potential as corrosion inhibitor than pawpaw and curry leaf extracts.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 589-597
Author(s):  
Warachate KHOBJAI ◽  
Orapit SUTHIVATTANAKUL ◽  
Somsiri PANUWATTANAWONG

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an important neurotransmitter in the human brain and nervous system. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are commonly used to improve cognitive function and exist in many plants, including Millingtonia hortensis. M. hortensis, a Thai medicinal plant, has been used as a smoke delivered bronchodilator. The aims of this study were to identify phytochemical constituents and evaluate the cholinesterase inhibitory activity of M. hortensis leaves and flower extracts. The phytochemical identifications were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The inhibitory activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were measured through kinetic enzyme analysis by Ellman’s method. The results showed that all the extracts exhibited specific AChEIs less than 30 % inhibition. While only the chloroform leaf extract inhibited BChE below 30 % inhibitory activities at 5.0 mg/mL. The GC-MS fingerprints revealed 15 main phytochemical constituents in the crude extracts. Additionally, all plant extracts showed antioxidant activity. The leaf extracts were non-poisonous when AChE activity is decreased by 20 - 30 % compared to normal AChE activity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Usunomena Usunobun ◽  
Ngozi Okolie

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Hepatic fibrosis is the accumulation of extracellular matrix protein, or scar, in response to acute or chronic liver injury. This study investigated the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em> on extracellular matrix protein: hyaluronic acid (HA), liver synthetic molecules: total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB) as well as lysosomal membrane stability: acid phosphatase (ACP) in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced fibrotic rats.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Wistar albino male rats were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg DMN on first three days a week for two weeks. Ethanolic leaf extracts of <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em> (200 mg /kg) was administered simultaneously by oral gavage daily for two weeks. All rats were sacrificed after 24 hours of last administration by cardiac puncture, and blood collected from the ocular vein. Analysis of serum ACP and LDH activities with those of the concentrations of HA, ALB, TP and TB were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Administration of DMN to rats significantly increased HA and TB concentration and the activities of ACP and LDH (p&lt;0.05) in the serum while it significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05) serum TP and ALB concentrations when compared with controls. However, simultaneous administration of ethanolic leaf extracts of <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em> with DMN significantly (p&lt;0.05) reversed these changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study shows that <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em> possesses hepatoprotective, lysosomal membrane stabilizing and anti-fibrotic properties may be due to its antioxidant and phytochemical constituents.</p>


INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
A Boadu ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
R Karpoormath ◽  
M. Nlooto ◽  

People on the African continent frequently consume Persea americana and Vernonia amygdalina for food and medicinal purposes. The review is an effort to compile ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge is the above two plants from the year 2000 till now. A search was carried out using a combination of several keywords : Persea americana, Vermonia amygdalina, traditional medicine, ethnomedicine, avocado, bitter leaf and integrated approaches. Published papers in English language were retrieved from the online bibliographical databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane library electronic databases. Findings from this review revealed that leaf extract of P. americana and V. amygdalina have been used in many local African communities for management of various diseases. Ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological properties of leaf extracts of P. americana and V. amygdalina may justify polyherbal formulation involving the two plants in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and other diseases.


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanuz Dechayont ◽  
Arunporn Itharat ◽  
Pathompong Phuaklee ◽  
Jitpisute Chunthorng-Orn ◽  
Thana Juckmeta ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Ako Alwell Chinonso ◽  
Nweje-Anyalowu Paul Chukwuemeka ◽  
Ejiofor Emmanuel Uchenna ◽  
Chigbu Charles Chukwuemeka ◽  
Ebere Wisdom Onyedikachi

Author(s):  
Abiodun Olusoji Owoade ◽  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Olufemi Ogundeji Ogundipe ◽  
Akinade William Owoade

This study was carried out to compare the in-vitro antioxidant potentials, antidiabetic and phytochemical constituents of methanolic leaf extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis, Chrysophyllum albidium, Bauhinia thonningii, Daniellia oliveri, and Cola nitida. The results of this study show that all the plant extracts have strong antioxidant potentials against various radicals. The extracts scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner and scavenged nitric oxide radicals with IC50 values of 152.39, 186.36, 213.40, 303.58 and 355.53 µg/ml for C. albidium, D. oliveri, C. nitida, A. djalonensis and B. thonningii, respectively. All the extracts also inhibited the induction of lipid peroxidation and α-amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, while the degree of ferric reducing power by the extracts was of the order C. albidium > D. oliveri > B. thonningii > C. nitida > A. djalonensis. Phytochemical and gas chromatography analyses carried out on the extracts revealed the presence of known chemical constituents. The amounts of total phenolics in A. djalonensis, C. albidium, B. thonningii, D. oliveri, and C. nitida were 68.39 mg/g, 95.11 mg/g, 61.03 mg/g, 103.74 mg/g, and 63.31 mg/g, respectively, in gallic acid equivalents. In all cell-free assays, C. albidium and D. oliveri, the two plants with higher amounts of phenolic compounds, were found to be more effective as antioxidants than other plant extracts with lower phenolic contents under the same experimental conditions. Therefore, the effectiveness of the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of these plant extracts may be related to their phenolic content. The presence of phenolics and various antioxidant compounds in the plants may explain the strong pharmacological potentials of these plants.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document