Viewer and object mental rotation in young adults with psychotic disorders

Background: Young adults with serious mental illness (SMI) are over twice as likely to smoke cigarettes than those in the general population, but little research has evaluated the efficacy of interventions for this group. While smartphone apps are a promising tool to address this need, their usability should be evaluated among young adults with psychotic disorders, whose symptoms and cognitive impairments may be a barrier to app use.Methods: We compared usability and acceptability of National Cancer Institute apps (QuitGuide and quitSTART) between young adult smokers with SMI psychotic disorders and other SMI diagnoses. We evaluated objective app usability at the initial study visit and following 2 weeks of independent use via a video-recorded task-completion protocol. Perceptions of usability and acceptability were assessed with semi-structured interviews. Engagement was assessed with backend app use data.Results: Participants had a mean age of 29 years old (SD = 4). Of the participants without psychotic disorders (n = 10), all were diagnosed with SMI post-traumatic stress disorder (SMI-PTSD). QuitGuide objective task completion rates were high and similar between diagnosis groups, whereas quitSTART task completion was initially lower among users with psychotic disorder compared to users with SMI-PTSD at Visit 1, and improved by Visit 2. Mean app interactions, mean days of use, and median completed notifications were dramatically higher among quitSTART users compared to QuitGuide users. Compared to quitSTART users with SMI-PTSD, quitSTART users with psychotic disorders had similar daily app interactions over the first week of use (mean 3.8 ± 2.4 interactions), and numerically lower mean daily app interactions during the second week (1.9 ± 1.5 vs. 3.4 ± 2.5), whereas completed notifications remained stable among quitSTART users in both diagnosis groups over time. Qualitative comments indicated general acceptability of both apps among both diagnosis groups.Conclusions: Both QuitGuide and quitSTART were usable and appealing among young adult smokers with psychotic disorders and SMI-PTSD, although quitSTART engendered a dramatically greater level of engagement compared to QuitGuide. Initial coaching to support initiation and app notifications to promote prolonged engagement may be important for young adult smokers with psychotic disorders. Replication and efficacy testing for quitSTART is warranted.

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Early detection and integrated care for adolescents and young adults with severe psychotic disorders: rationales and design of the Integrated Care in Early Psychosis Study (ACCESS III)

Early Intervention in Psychiatry ◽

10.1111/eip.12361 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 96-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Martin Lambert ◽

Daniel Schöttle ◽

Mary Sengutta ◽

Friederike Ruppelt ◽

Anja Rohenkohl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Early Detection ◽

Integrated Care ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Early Psychosis ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults

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Feedback-informed treatment for adolescents and young adults with early-onset psychotic disorders: Developmentally appropriate mental health services and the need for relevant outcome measures.

Feedback-informed treatment in clinical practice: Reaching for excellence. ◽

10.1037/0000039-015 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 283-298

Author(s):

Ryan Melton ◽

Elinor Taylor

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Health Services ◽

Early Onset ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Developmentally Appropriate ◽

Informed Treatment ◽

Feedback Informed Treatment ◽

Relevant Outcome

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Who are the European youths willing to engage in radicalisation? A multidisciplinary review of their psychological and social profiles

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.03.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Nicolas Campelo ◽

Alice Oppetit ◽

Françoise Neau ◽

David Cohen ◽

Guillaume Bronsard

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Perceived Injustice ◽

Radical Engagement ◽

Muslim Communities ◽

The Individual

AbstractBackground:A new model of radicalisation has appeared in Western countries since the 2010s. Radical groups are smaller, less hierarchical and are mainly composed of young, homegrown individuals. The aim of this review is to decipher the profiles of the European adolescents and young adults who have embraced the cause of radical Islamism and to define the role of psychiatry in dealing with this issue.Methods:We performed a systematic search in several databases from January 2010 to July 2017 and reviewed the relevant studies that included European adolescents and/or young adults and presented empirical data.Results:In total, 22 qualitative and quantitative studies were reviewed from various fields and using different methodologies. Psychotic disorders are rare among radicalised youths. However, they show numerous risk factors common with adolescent psychopathologies. We develop a comprehensive three-level model to explain the phenomenon of radicalisation among young Europeans: (1) individual risk factors include psychological vulnerabilities such as early experiences of abandonment, perceived injustice and personal uncertainty; (2) micro-environmental risk factors include family dysfunction and friendships with radicalised individuals; (3) societal risk factors include geopolitical events and societal changes such as Durkheim’s concept of anomie. Some systemic factors are also implicated as there is a specific encounter between recruiters and the individual. The former use sectarian techniques to isolate and dehumanise the latter and to offer him a new societal model.Conclusion:There are many similarities between psychopathological manifestations of adolescence and mechanisms at stake during the radicalisation process. As a consequence, and despite the rarity of psychotic disorders, mental health professionals have a role to play in the treatment and understanding of radical engagement among European youth. Studies with empirical data are limited, and more research should be promoted (in particular in females and in non-Muslim communities) to better understand the phenomenon and to propose recommendations for prevention and treatment.

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Associations between ethnicity and self-reported hallucinations in a population sample of young adults in The Netherlands

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291707002401 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 1095-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

K. Vanheusden ◽

C. L. Mulder ◽

J. van der Ende ◽

J.-P. Selten ◽

F. J. van Lenthe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Western Europe ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Population Sample ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Significant Drop ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Adversity

BackgroundPsychotic disorders are more common in people from ethnic minorities. If psychosis exists as a continuous phenotype, ethnic disparities in psychotic disorder will be accompanied by similar ethnic disparities in the rate of psychotic symptoms. This study examined ethnic disparities in self-reported hallucinations in a population sample of young adults.MethodA cross-sectional population survey (n=2258) was carried out in the south-west Netherlands. Seven ethnic groups were delineated: Dutch natives, Turks, Moroccans, Surinamese/Antilleans, Indonesians, other non-Western immigrants (mostly from Africa or Asia) and Western immigrants (mostly from Western Europe). Self-reported auditory and visual hallucinations were assessed with the Adult Self-Report (ASR). Indicators of social adversity included social difficulties and a significant drop in financial resources.ResultsCompared to Dutch natives, Turkish females [odds ratio (OR) 13.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.97–30.42], Moroccan males (OR 8.36, 95% CI 3.29–21.22), Surinamese/Antilleans (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.05–4.58), Indonesians (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.69–10.19) and other non-Western immigrants (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.62–7.85) were more likely to report hallucinations, whereas Western immigrants, Turkish males and Moroccan females did not differ from their Dutch counterparts. When adjusting for social adversity, the ORs for self-reported hallucinations among the non-Western immigrant groups showed considerable reductions of 28% to 52%.ConclusionsIn a general population sample, several non-Western immigrant groups reported hallucinations more often than Dutch natives, which is consistent with the higher incidence of psychotic disorders in most of these groups. The associations between ethnicity and hallucinations diminished after adjustment for social adversity, which supports the view that adverse social experiences contribute to the higher rate of psychosis among migrants.

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