fiSystematic transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernel to trace variations in antioxidant activity during ripening

SummaryThe beneficial effects of walnuts and walnut products on human health, due primarily to their rich polyphenolic content, have been appreciated as an empirical fact for centuries. The purpose of this study is to determine the polyphenolic contents of liqueurs made from the walnut selections ‘Rasna’ and ‘Sava’ and the walnut cultivar ‘Šampion’ (all harvested at three different times), as well as the polyphenolic contents of their green husks. The walnut liqueurs were prepared according to two traditional recipes using young walnut fruits. The highest antioxidant capacity was recorded in the liqueur made from the ‘Rasna’ walnut selection (89.94%), whereas the highest contents of phenols (83.28 mg GAE/g FW), flavonoids (0.83 mg QE/g FW) and proanthocyanidins were found in the liqueur made from the ‘Šampion’ cultivar (14.75 mg CE/g FW). The youngest ‘Rasna’ walnuts, harvested at the first experimental time point, exhibited the highest phenolic and tannin contents, whereas the highest flavonoid content was observed in the ‘Šampion’ cultivar. The biochemical results obtained indicate a decrease in the polyphenolic content of walnut fruits with their growth and development. Moreover, the polyphenolic profiles of the walnut liqueurs considered were found to be greatly affected by the method of preparation and the cultivar/selection of walnuts.

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Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, Fatty Acids and Volatile Profiles of 18 Different Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars and Genotypes

Erwerbs-Obstbau ◽

10.1007/s10341-021-00633-y ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Volkan Okatan ◽

Muhammet Ali Gündeşli ◽

Nesibe Ebru Kafkas ◽

Şule Hilal Attar ◽

İbrahim Kahramanoğlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Volatile Profiles

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Pharmacological and Genotoxic Properties of Polyphenolic Extracts ofCedrela odorataL. andJuglans regiaL. Barks in Rodents

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/187346 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dulce Carolina Almonte-Flores ◽

Norma Paniagua-Castro ◽

Gerardo Escalona-Cardoso ◽

Martha Rosales-Castro

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Control Group ◽

Cedrela Odorata ◽

Hepatic Lipid ◽

Polyphenolic Extract ◽

Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation

Evaluation of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity ofCedrela odorataL. andJuglans regiaL. bark extracts was performedin vitro.Juglans regiashowed greater extract concentration and higher antioxidant activity. Hypoglycemic activity in rats was assessed by generating a glucose tolerance curve and determining the area under the curve (AUC). Diabetes was later induced by an injection with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg of b.w.) and confirmed after 24 hours. The extract was administered (200 mg/kg b.w.) over 10 days, and blood glucose was monitored and compared with a control group. The glucose AUC showed a hypoglycemic effect ofJ. regiaandC. odoratain normal rats. Both extracts reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Polyphenolic extracts reduced cholesterol levels in a hypercholesterolemic mouse model and decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation. Polyphenolic extract doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. were administered alone or with cyclophosphamide (CPA) 50 mg/kg ip, which was used as a positive control. Analyses were performed using leukocytes in a comet assay after 4 and 24 h of treatment. Genotoxic effects were evaluated by the comet assay, which showed that whileJ. regiaextract had no effect,C. odorataextract induced slight damage at 200 mg/kg, with the formation of type 0 and 1 comets.

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A Study on DPPH and ABTS Antioxidant Activity and Sensory Evaluation of Seolgitteok with Walnut and Health CRISIS(Juglans Regia)

10.22471/crisis.2021.6.4.25 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 25-37

Author(s):

Yiseop Kwon ◽

Youngbae Kim ◽

Kihan Kwon

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Health Crisis

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Tannins and Antioxidant Activities of the Walnut (Juglans regia) Pellicle

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501001232 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501001

Author(s):

Tian-Peng Yin ◽

Le Cai ◽

Yang Chen ◽

Ying Li ◽

Ya-Rong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Acetone Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Investigation

The total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of the acetone extract and derived fractions from the walnut ( Juglans regia) pellicle were estimated. The BuOH fraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity with the highest phenolic content. A phytochemical investigation of this fraction led to the isolation of three tannins, 2,3-hexahydroxydiphenoylglucose (1), pedunculagin (2) and 2,3,4,6-tetragalloylglucose (3). Pedunculagin showed high content and powerful activity, which implied that this compound plays an important role in the antioxidant activity of the walnut pellicle.

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Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of Polyphenols with Antioxidant Activity in Sour Guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum Nied.) Fruit

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules22010011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Carmen Cuadrado-Silva ◽

Maria Pozo-Bayón ◽

Coralia Osorio

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Metabolomic Analysis

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Phenolics from walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernels: Antioxidant activity and interactions with proteins

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.051 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 607-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Diana O. Labuckas ◽

Damián M. Maestri ◽

Milton Perelló ◽

Marcela L. Martínez ◽

Alicia L. Lamarque

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Juglans Regia

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Chemical Analysis, Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous and Organic Moroccan Juglans regia L. Bark Extracts

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216666200203103354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 1328-1339

Author(s):

Mohamed Boulfia ◽

Fatima Lamchouri ◽

Hamid Toufik

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Principal Component ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Strongly Correlated

Background: The present study was conducted on the Moroccan Juglans regia L. bark, in comparison with other Juglans regia collected in other countries, to study the effects of the use of different extraction solvents (water, ethanol, acetone, and diethyl ether), aqueous and organic extraction method, hot and cold extraction by maceration modalities on the presence and content of the different phytochemicals, and on the antioxidant activity. Methods: Various solvents of increasing polarity were used for the preparation of aqueous and organic extracts. Afterwards, a phytochemical screening, an estimation of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins contents was conducted. The in vitro antioxidant activity was carried out by five tests: H2O2, ABTS, FRAP, DPPH, and reducing power. Subsequently, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to establish the correlation between phenol content and antioxidant activity. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed that the 9 extracts prepared are characterized by the presence of flavonoids, catechic tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, and quinones, and that the macerated acetone extract contains the highest content of phenolic compounds (327.972±0.06 μgEAG/mgE), flavonoids (1267.981±2.911 μgEQ/mgE), and tannins (38.056±1.886 μgEC/gE). The best antioxidant activity was obtained with the macerated acetone which was found to be the most active via the five different tests, with a percentage of scavenging of H2O2 equal at 24.13±1.81, a higher value of ABTS equal to 602.29±0.34 μgET/mgE. PCA allowed us to deduce that phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins are strongly correlated with antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Moroccan Juglans regia may be one of the potential sources of antioxidant compounds.

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Biochemical characterization and antioxidant activity of walnut kernel (Juglans regia L.) of accessions from Middle and High Atlas in Morocco

Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascibiolsci.v41i1.46411 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. e46411

Author(s):

Ghizlane Kabiri ◽

Said Bouda ◽

Mohammed Elhansali ◽

Abdelmajid Haddioui

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Biochemical Variation ◽

Total Oil ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Biochemical composition and antioxidant activity were determined in kernel nuts for eleven Moroccan walnut (Juglans regia L.) accessions representing its main cropping area. Total oil, carbohydrates, crude protein, energy value, crude fiber and flavonoid have varied significantly between accessions, respectively within the range values of 54.50-65.48%, 8.17-19.25%, 11.5-25.58%, 648.91-713.83 Kcal, 4.17-6.75% and 12.59-62.11mg RE 100 g-1 DM. Besides, mineral composition (mg 100 g-1) of kernel have varied also significantly among accessions and particularly for phosphorus (338.1-675.87), copper (2.08-6.67), zinc (3.39-18.63), iron (1.17-2.64), chromium (0.16-0.20), nickel (1.26-1.45) and boron (0.07-1.49). However, dry matter (96.75-98.56%), moisture (1.44-3.24%), ash (1.67-2.53%), total phenols content (1017-3739 mg GAE 100 g-1 DM), DPPH radical scavenging activity (75.02-85.96%), potassium (210.10-338.93 mg 100 g-1), magnesium (79.15-374.54 mg 100 g-1), sodium (1.17-12.63 mg 100 g-1) and manganese (0.79-1.67 mg 100 g-1) did not show significant variations between accessions. Furthermore, the results showed that Moroccan walnut constitutes an important source of nutrient elements, essentially fat, carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus and zinc, and natural antioxidants, phenolic compounds. Accordingly, consumption of all studied kernels accessions would be beneficial to health. This study showed considerable biochemical variation between the analyzed walnut accessions, which could help to select genotypes with desired traits according to their chemotypes.

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