Corrigendum to “Rhizosphere hotspots: Root hairs and warming control microbial efficiency, carbon utilization and energy production” [Soil Biol. Biochem. 148 (2020) /107872]

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 108061
Author(s):  
Xuechen Zhang ◽  
Yakov Kuzyakov ◽  
Huadong Zang ◽  
Michaela A. Dippold ◽  
Lingling Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Soil Biol ◽  
Microbial Efficiency

Rhizosphere hotspots: Root hairs and warming control microbial efficiency, carbon utilization and energy production

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 107872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechen Zhang ◽  
Yakov Kuzyakov ◽  
Huadong Zang ◽  
Michaela A. Dippold ◽  
Lingling Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Microbial Efficiency

Rhizosphere hotspots: root hairs and warming control microbial efficiency, carbon utilization and energy production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechen Zhang ◽  
Yakov Kuzyakov ◽  
Huadong Zang ◽  
Michaela A. Dippold ◽  
Lingling Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Kinetics ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Maize Varieties

<p>Among the factors controlling root exudation, root hair proliferation and warming strongly influence exudate release, microbial substrate utilization and enzyme activities. The interactions of these two factors are important but poorly known in the rhizosphere. To clarify these interactions, two maize varieties – a wild type with root hairs and a hairless mutant – were grown at 20 and 30 °C for 2 weeks. We applied a unique combination of zymography to localize hotspots of β-glucosidase with microcalorimetry and substrate-induced respiration from soil sampled in hotspots. This approach enabled monitoring exudate effects on microbial growth strategy, enzyme kinetics (V<sub>max</sub> and K<sub>m</sub>), heat release and CO<sub>2</sub> production in the hotspots in response to warming.</p><p>Root hair effects on enzyme activity and efficiency were pronounced only at the elevated temperature: i) β-glucosidase activity of the wild type at 30 °C was higher than that of the hairless maize; ii) temperature shifted the microbial growth strategy, whereas root hairs (i.e. C input) promoted the fraction of growing microbial biomass; iii) K<sub>m</sub> and the activation energy for β-glucosidase under the hairless mutant was lower than that under wild maize. These results suggest that microorganisms inhabiting hotspots of the wild type synthesized more enzymes to fulfill their higher energy and nutrient demands than those of the hairless mutant. In contrast, at higher temperature the hairless maize produced an enzyme pool with higher efficiencies rather than higher enzyme production, enabling metabolic needs to be met at lower cost. These changes in enzyme kinetics and metabolic shifts confirmed evolutionary theory on tradeoffs of enzyme structure–function and thermal–substrate under warming at the soil hotspot level. We conclude that, if microbial and enzymatic activities are stimulated by more substrate input under warming, then this shift in the microbial community and in enzyme systems to a lower efficiency could offset C losses.</p>

Use of SEM, X-ray analysis and TEM to localize Fe3+ reduction in roots

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 392-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
P. F. Bell ◽  
Rufus L. Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Young Root ◽  
Insoluble Precipitate ◽  
Uptake And Transport ◽  
Scanning Electron

In dicotyledons, Fe3+ must be reduced to Fe2+ before uptake and transport of this essential macronutrient can occur. Ambler et al demonstrated that reduction along the root could be observed by the formation of a stain, Prussian blue (PB), Fe4 [Fe(CN)6]3 n H2O (where n = 14-16). This stain, which is an insoluble precipitate, forms at the reduction site when the nutrient solution contains Fe3+ and ferricyanide. In 1972, Chaney et al proposed a model which suggested that the Fe3+ reduction site occurred outside the cell membrane; however, no physical evidence to support the model was presented at that time. A more recent study using the PB stain indicates that rapid reduction of Fe3+ occurs in a region of the root containing young root hairs. Furthermore the most pronounced activity occurs in plants that are deficient in Fe. To more precisely localize the site of Fe3+ reduction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to examine the distribution of the PB precipitate that was induced to form in roots.

Techniques for preparing the Lolium perenne coleorhiza for scanning electron microscope evaluation

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 766-767
Author(s):  
Susan B.G. Debaene ◽  
John S. Gardner ◽  
Phil S. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Inner Pressure ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Standard Fixation ◽  
Scanning Electron

The coleorhiza is a nonvascular sheath that encloses the embryonic radicle in Poaceae, and is generally the first tissue to emerge during germination. Delicate hairlike extensions develop from some coleorhiza cells prior to radicle emergence. Similar to root hairs, coleorhiza hairs are extremely sensitive to desiccation and are damaged by exposure to negative water potentials. The coleorhiza of Lolium perenne is somewhat spherical when first visible, after which a knob forms at a right angle to the caryopsis due to inner pressure from the elongating radicle. This knob increases in length until the radicle finally punctures the coleorhiza. Standard fixation procedures cause severe desiccation of coleorhiza cells and hairs, making morphological study of the coleorhiza difficult. This study was conducted to determine a more successful process for coleorhiza preservation.

Mitochondrial matrix calcium ions regulate energy production in myocardium: A cytochemical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
W.A. Jacob ◽  
R. Hertsens ◽  
A. Van Bogaert ◽  
M. De Smet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Nmr Techniques

In the past most studies of the control of energy metabolism focus on the role of the phosphorylation potential ATP/ADP.Pi on the regulation of respiration. Studies using NMR techniques have demonstrated that the concentrations of these compounds for oxidation phosphorylation do not change appreciably throughout the cardiac cycle and during increases in cardiac work. Hence regulation of energy production by calcium ions, present in the mitochondrial matrix, has been the object of a number of recent studies.Three exclusively intramitochondnal dehydrogenases are key enzymes for the regulation of oxidative metabolism. They are activated by calcium ions in the low micromolar range. Since, however, earlier estimates of the intramitochondnal calcium, based on equilibrium thermodynamic considerations, were in the millimolar range, a physiological correlation was not evident. The introduction of calcium-sensitive probes fura-2 and indo-1 made monitoring of free calcium during changing energy metabolism possible. These studies were performed on isolated mitochondria and extrapolation to the in vivo situation is more or less speculative.

SEM and fluorescence imaging of callose deposition in root hair tips and suspension cultures of Streptanthus tortuosus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
K.S. Walters ◽  
R.D. Sjolund ◽  
K.C. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Ultraviolet Illumination ◽  
Callose Formation

Callose, B-1,3-glucan, a component of cell walls, is associated with phloem sieve plates, plasmodesmata, and other cell wall structures that are formed in response to wounding or infection. Callose reacts with aniline blue to form a fluorescent complex that can be recognized in the light microscope with ultraviolet illumination. We have identified callose in cell wall protuberances that are formed spontaneously in suspension-cultured cells of S. tortuosus and in the tips of root hairs formed in sterile callus cultures of S. tortuosus. Callose deposits in root hairs are restricted to root hair tips which appear to be damaged or deformed, while normal root hair tips lack callose deposits. The callose deposits found in suspension culture cells are restricted to regions where unusual outgrowths or protuberances are formed on the cell surfaces, specifically regions that are the sites of new cell wall formation.Callose formation has been shown to be regulated by intracellular calcium levels.

Clinorotation influence on the growth of root hairs in Beta vulgaris L. seedlings

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
G.V. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
E.L. Kordyum ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Root Hairs
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document