scholarly journals Circular use of feed by-products from alcohol production mitigates water scarcity.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Schestak ◽  
David Styles ◽  
Kirsty Black ◽  
A. Prysor Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Sustainable Exploitation of By-Products of Vitivinicultural Origin in Winemaking

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Evangelos Kokkinomagoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Kandylis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Sustainable Exploitation ◽  
Nutrient Supplement ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
By Products ◽  
Novel Products

Grapes are cultivated globally with the total area under vines reaching 7.4 million hectares in 2018, and the global wine market is expected to increase to USD 423 billion by the end of 2023. However, winemaking produces large quantities of by-products/wastes like grape pomace (GP; the residue of pressed grapes), wine lees (WL; the residue accumulating in vessels containing wine after fermentation), and vine shoots (VS; generated during the pruning season in the vineyard). Exploitation of agro-industrial side-streams, wastes, and residues, such as WL, GP, and VS, is an issue of vital importance to global good environmental governance. As WL and GP constitute valuable sources of nutrients and VS are a source of cellulose fibers, their use for novel products with applications in winemaking is of major importance. In the present study, the recent trends in sustainable exploitation of such by-products for application in winemaking are presented. WL consist mainly of ethanol, tartaric acid, and yeast cells, and it is usually used for the recovery of these bioactive compounds and as a nutrient supplement of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts growth. GP has been used for the recovery of phenolic compounds, as a substrate for alcohol production, and as fertilizer in the vineyard. New trends include its use for eliminating unwanted wine compounds (like ochratoxin A and pesticides) and as a sustainable fining agent of wines (in order to modify its sensory features such as astringency, bitterness, and mouthfeel). Finally, VS has been used as biochar and for nanocomposite film production.

scholarly journals Kinetic Parameters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Alcohols Production Using Nepenthes mirabilis Pod Digestive Fluids-Mixed Agro-Waste Hydrolysates

Fermentation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkosikho Dlangamandla ◽  
Seteno Ntwampe ◽  
Justine Angadam ◽  
Boredi Chidi ◽  
Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Similar Product ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

In this study, microbial growth kinetics and modeling of alcohols production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated using different hydrolysates in a single pot (batch) system. Mixed agro-waste hydrolysates from different pre-treatment methods, i.e., N. mirabilis/CP and HWP/DAP/CP, were used as the sole nutrient source in the fermentations used to produce the alcohols of interest. The maximum Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration of 1.47 CFU/mL (×1010) was observed with HWP/DAP/CP hydrolysates, with a relative difference of 21.1% when compared to the N. mirabilis/CP cultures; the product yield based on biomass generation was relatively (20.2%) higher for the N. mirabilis/CP cultures. For the total residual phenolic compounds (TRPCs) generation, a relative difference (24.6%) between N. mirabilis/CP and HWP/DAP/CP pre-treatment systems was observed, suggesting that N. mirabilis/CP generates lower inhibition by-products. This was further evidenced by the lowest substrate utilization rate (3.3 × 10−4 g/(L·h)) for the N. mirabilis/CP cultures while achieving relatively similar product formation rates to those observed for the HWP/DAP/CP. A better correlation (R2 = 0.94) was obtained when predicting substrate utilization for the N. mirabilis/CP cultures. Generally, the pre-treatment of mixed agro-waste using N. mirabilis/CP seemed appropriate for producing hydrolysates which Saccharomyces cerevisiae can effectively use for alcohol production in the biorefinery industry.

scholarly journals Geospatial analysis of water uses and potential conflicts in the microregion of Ceres, Goiás, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-47
Author(s):  
Cristiane Gomes Barreto ◽  
Renato Arthur Franco Rodrigues ◽  
José Augusto Leitão Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Water Uses

Conflicts related to water have been expanding around the world, especially in areas which experience rapid changes in land use and occupation. The Ceres microregion (Goiás) has passed by an accelerated process of sugar cane agroindustrialization in recent years and water scarcity problems has been percieved. This work contributes to understand potential environmental conflicts related to water resources in Ceres microregion by the evaluation of the ways, intensity and spatial distribution of water consumption in differents basins of the microregion. It was analyzed secondary data from water demands, sugar and alcohol production, irrigation and others from geostatistic tools. The results suggest that sugar cane crops have a strong impact over water consumption, although this activity is not related to the water deficit in most of the basins, what suggests it is not responsible for situations of water scarcity or conflicts associated to shortages.

250. The influence of various factors on the fermentation end-products of the heterofermentative streptococci

1940 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Enzymes ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Yeast Autolysate ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
By Products

1. The influence of temperature, pH, oxygen tension and yeast autolysate on the production of by-products and the ratios of by-products formed to sugar utilized and lactic acid produced in milk by the heterofermentative lactic acid streptococci has been investigated.2. The total production of lactic acid is increased by anaerobic conditions and low temperature. The ratio of lactic acid formed to sugar utilized is increased by anaerobic conditions and the presence of chalk.3. The total amount of acetic acid is higher in the presence of chalk, at the lower temperatures and in yeast milk, but is decreased by anaerobic conditions. The ratio of acetic acid both to sugar utilized and to lactic acid formed is smaller at lower temperatures, in the presence of “growth factors” and chalk and under anaerobic conditions.4. The total alcohol production is higher when yeast or chalk is added to milk, under anaerobic conditions and at lower temperatures, and similarly the ratio of alcohol formed to sugar utilized and lactic acid produced is increased.5. Hydrolysis of residual lactose occurred in all cultures of Str. citrovorus and with some of the other streptococci in cultures to which chalk had been added.6. Although the heterofermentative lactic acid streptococci possess respiratory enzymes, these fail to suppress aerobic fermentation (i.e. the Pasteur effect is slight).

Alcohol Production from Raisin Extracts: Volatile By products

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. KANA ◽  
M. KANELLAKI ◽  
J. KOUINIS ◽  
A.A. KOUTINAS
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Production ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Effects of a complex phytase-containing enzyme preparation on the rye wort fermentation process

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Polyakov ◽  
Elena Serba ◽  
Marina Overchenko ◽  
Nadezhda Ignatova ◽  
Liubov Rimareva
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Food Biotechnology ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
By Products ◽  
Russian Research

A complex of amylases, proteases, and hemicellulases is known to enhance deep conversion of polysaccharides and proteins, especially in the processing of difficult-to-ferment raw materials, such as rye, providing grain wort with soluble carbohydrates, amino acids, and peptides. Grain is also a source of phosphorus, whose bioavailability can be increased by hydrolysing the grain with phytase-containing enzyme preparations. However, their catalytic action during the preparation of grain wort for alcohol production has hardly been studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a new complex phytasecontaining enzyme preparation on yeast metabolism and the efficiency of rye wort fermentation. The work was carried out in the Russian Research Institute of Food Biotechnology. The Glucavamorin complex enzyme preparations derived from recombinant strains were the object of our research. The preparations differed in the activity level of the main enzyme, lucoamylase, and minor hemicellulase enzymes, as well as in the presence of phytase. The results confirmed their biocatalytic ability to efficiently hydrolyse polymers of rye grain. An increased content of hemicellulases in Glucavamorin-Xyl improved the rheological properties of rye wort. The greatest effect was achieved with the phytase-containing Glucavamorin-Ply. This preparation improved the phosphorus nutrition of yeast, which increased its biomass by 30% and decreased the level of fermentation by-products by 18–20%. Alcohol yield tended to increase and its strength reached 10.5–10.9% vol. When using a phytase-containing enzyme complex, it was possible to reduce the amount of the main enzyme, glucoamylase, without causing the key fermentation indicators to degrade.

Integrated energy production and reduction of the environmental impact at alcohol distillery plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. van Haandel
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
By Products ◽  
Sole Product ◽  
Current Alcohol

In Brazil cane is being been grown at large scale to produce alcohol as an automotive fuel. Alcohol is the sole product, but there is generation of a large quantity of gaseous (CO2), liquid (vinasse) and solid (bagasse) by-products, which currently have very little or even negative value. By using steam turbines fuelled with bagasse combustion, electric power can be generated at a rate of 1 MWh per m3 of produced alcohol. Anaerobic digestion can be applied to vinasse to produce enough biogas for 0.5 MWh per m3 of alcohol, bringing total electric power production from subproducts to 1.5 MWh per m3 of alcohol. These operations are presently implemented at some distilleries at full scale. It has been shown at bench scale that by applying anaerobic digestion also to bagasse and burning the non-biodegradable residual, the power output can be increased to 2.25 MWh per m3 of alcohol, but the economic feasibility of this option depends on the maximum loading rate of the bagasse digester and the energy price. At the current alcohol production level of 13 × 106 m3/year, the power generation potential is 2.2 GW, which represents 4% of the power demand in Brazil. The digested waste water contains about 70% of the nutrient demand of the cane fields, which can be recycled. A preliminary economic evaluation shows that productive use of the subproducts of alcohol distilleries is economically feasible if the price is more than US$30 per MWHh, which is the current sales price in Brazil. Another important advantage of the rational use of by-products is that the generation of electric power has the potential to reduce the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere by 0.8–1.2 t per m3 of alcohol compared to generation using natural gas.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

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