Analyzing the impact of time pressure on drivers’ safety by assessing gap-acceptance behavior at un-signalized intersections

Purpose Time pressure is the most common kind of work pressure that employees face in the workplace; the existing research results on the effect of time pressure are highly controversial (positive, negative, inverted U-shaped). Especially in the era of knowledge economy, there remains a research gap in the impact of time pressure on individual knowledge hiding. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of different time pressure (challenge and hindrance) on knowledge hiding and to explain why there is controversy about the effect of time pressure in the academics. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected two waves of data and surveyed 341 R&D employees in China. Moreover, they used regression analysis, bootstrapping and Johnson–Neyman statistical technique to verify research hypotheses. Findings The results show that challenge time pressure (CTP) has a significant negative effect on knowledge hiding, whereas hindrance time pressure (HTP) has a significant positive effect on knowledge hiding; job security mediates the relationship between time pressure and knowledge hiding; temporal leadership strengthen the positive impact of CTP on job security; temporal leadership can mitigate the negative impact of HTP on job security. Originality/value The findings not only respond to the academic debate about the effect of time pressure and point out the reasons for the controversy but also enhance the scholars’ attention and understanding of the internal mechanism between time pressure and knowledge hiding.

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Capacity Estimation Model for Signalized Intersections under the Impact of Access Point

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0145989 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. e0145989 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jing Zhao ◽

Peng Li ◽

Xizhao Zhou

Keyword(s):

Access Point ◽

Signalized Intersections ◽

Estimation Model ◽

Capacity Estimation ◽

The Impact

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Modeling and Predicting Stochastic Merging Behaviors at Freeway On-Ramp Bottlenecks

Journal of Advanced Transportation ◽

10.1155/2018/9308580 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jian Sun ◽

Kang Zuo ◽

Shun Jiang ◽

Zuduo Zheng

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Great Influence ◽

Data Sets ◽

Gap Acceptance ◽

Trajectory Data ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Critical Gap ◽

Merging Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

Gap Acceptance Theory

Merging behavior is inevitable at on-ramp bottlenecks and is a significant factor in triggering traffic breakdown. In modeling merging behaviors, the gap acceptance theory is generally used. Gap acceptance theory holds that when a gap is larger than the critical gap, the vehicle will merge into the mainline. In this study, however, analyses not only focus on the accepted gaps, but also take the rejected gaps into account, and the impact on merging behavior with multi-rejected (more than once rejecting behavior) gaps was investigated; it shows that the multi-rejected gaps have a great influence on the estimation of critical gap and merging prediction. Two empirical trajectory data sets were collected and analyzed: one at Yan’an Expressway in Shanghai, China, and the other at Highway 101 in Los Angeles, USA. The study made three main contributions. First, it gives the quantitative measurement of the rejected gap which is also a detailed description of non-merging event and investigated the characteristics of the multi-rejected gaps; second, taking the multi-rejected gaps into consideration, it further expanded the concept of the “critical gap” which can be a statistic one and the distribution function of merging probability with respect to such gaps was analyzed by means of survival analysis. This way could make the full use of multi-rejected gaps and accepted gaps and reduce the sample bias, thus estimating the critical gap accurately; finally, considering multi-rejected gaps, it created logistic regression models to predict merging behavior. These models were tested using field data, and satisfactory performances were obtained.

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Working conditions, health and retirement intentions: a case study of truck drivers

International Journal of Workplace Health Management ◽

10.1108/ijwhm-02-2018-0019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 114-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Inês C. Sousa ◽

Sara Ramos

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Psychosocial Support ◽

Good Health ◽

Truck Drivers ◽

Temporal Perspective ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact ◽

Retirement Intentions

Purpose Being a professional truck driver implies prolonged exposure to physical and psychosocial risks, which can affect health and work ability in the short and long term. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of working conditions in truck drivers’ perceived health and retirement intentions in a Portuguese transportation company. Design/methodology/approach Using ergonomic work analysis (EWA), this study incorporates document analysis, observation and 16 interviews. Content analysis is applied to interviews’ transcripts. Findings In line with previous research, drivers acknowledged their activity as physically demanding (e.g. static postures, repetitive movements, heavy lifting) and psychologically demanding (e.g. high time pressure, lack of control, lack of work–family balance). Despite that, drivers report themselves to be in good health, with only some complaints related to back and knee pain. However, hard working conditions associated with ageing can contribute to gradual health deterioration, leading them to desire to retire before the legal retirement age. Practical implications The company can promote drivers’ health by creating a unit to provide psychosocial support and career orientation, improving the mentoring programme, and investing in training on occupational risk prevention. Originality/value This study is the first to use EWA to examine the impact of the complex relationship between truck drivers’ work and health in their retirement intentions, adopting a temporal perspective.

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Inquiry and Chain Reaction in Slovakia

Comparative Perspectives on Inquiry-Based Science Education - Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5439-4.ch010 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 157-167

Author(s):

Janka Raganova ◽

Stanislav Holec ◽

Martin Hruska ◽

Miriam Spodniakova Pfefferova

Keyword(s):

Science Education ◽

Science Teachers ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

School Students ◽

Teacher Trainees ◽

Science Projects ◽

Training Courses ◽

The Impact

The chapter presents how the Chain Reaction project was implemented in the context of science education in Slovakia. The educational reform highlighted inquiry as a leading approach in science education. But teachers were not prepared for implementation of such approaches. There was a lack of resources and a strong time pressure caused by a reduced number of science subjects lessons. Students' motivation to do and to study science was weak. Thus, the project team from Matej Bel University Banska Bystrica concentrated on two main issues: gaining teachers' engagement in non-traditional ways of science subjects teaching and motivating students to put their effort into inquiry-based science projects. The main problems connected with delivery of the Chain Reaction approaches in Slovak schools are discussed and the impact on secondary school students, science teachers, and teacher trainees is demonstrated. The developed pre- and in-service teacher training courses will serve as a tool of sustainability of the inquiry-based approaches in science education in Slovakia.

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P73 Trends in ultrasound guided musculoskeletal injections at one tertiary care centre over 6 years

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keaa111.072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

Kunal Lall ◽

Vivian Ejindu ◽

Patrick D. W Kiely

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Waiting Times ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Ultrasound Guided ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

The Impact ◽

Effective Service

Abstract Background Ultrasound (US) has brought many benefits into rheumatologic practice, delivery of targeted injections into joints, bursae and other structures. Whilst many joints may be accurately injected in clinic, guided by clinical landmarks, US permits injections into anatomically less accessible sites. We have assessed trends in the number and type of requests for US guided joint or soft tissue injections from the rheumatology department over the last 6 years, and the impact on waiting times. Methods Details of all requests for US guided joint or soft tissue injections were obtained from the St George’s PACS system from 1 January 2013 - 31 December 2018. Review of patient records was conducted to determine whether the referral was routine or urgent, the waiting time between referral and appointment, the joint or structure to be injected, and whether an injection into the requested site was actually performed. Results Table 1 shows the total number of out-patient attendances in rheumatology per year from 2013 - 2018, the number of referrals for US-guided injection, the proportion requested urgently and waiting times for routine and urgent cases. Over 6 years requests for US guided injections have risen 2.3-fold, from <1% to nearly 2% of all out-patient attendances. Of 1834 requests, no injections were given in 420 instances (23%), due to patient preference or lack of indication at time of US. In 2018 of all joint or tendon/bursa injections initiated in rheumatology, 260 (38%) were given in routine clinic time without delay, and 420 (62%) were requested by US with a delay of over 2 months. Conclusion Over 6 years a 33% increase in out-patient clinic workload has been accompanied by a disproportionate 2.3-fold increase in requests for US guided injections, representing >50% of injections initiated by the service. One explanation may be time pressure in clinic. This trend has not been matched by increased radiology capacity, with urgent requests now waiting >6 weeks. This has implications for quality of care, staffing and effective service delivery. The trend to fewer injections in clinic will continue if clinicians become increasingly reliant on radiology colleagues. Disclosures K. Lall None. V. Ejindu None. P.D.W. Kiely None.

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Requirements for Electric Machine Design based on Operating Points from Real Driving Data in Cities

World Electric Vehicle Journal ◽

10.3390/wevj10040060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Svenja Kalt ◽

Lucas Brenner ◽

Markus Lienkamp

Keyword(s):

Time Pressure ◽

Early Stage ◽

Driving Cycle ◽

Driving Cycles ◽

New Concepts ◽

The Difference ◽

Electric Machine Design ◽

The Impact ◽

Operating Points

Increasing environmental awareness leads to the necessity for more efficient powertrains in the future. However, the development of new vehicle concepts generates a trend towards ever shorter development cycles. Therefore, new concepts must be tested and validated at an early stage in order to meet the increasing time pressure. This requires the determination of real driving data in fleet tests in order to generate realistic driving cycles, which correspond as closely as possible to the actual driving behavior of the applications use case. Within the scope of this paper, real driving data are analyzed and used to create a representative driving cycle. The resulting driving cycle based on real driving characteristics is then used to investigate the impact of application-based design for powertrains on the design of electric machines, by illustrating the difference between synthetic operating points and real driving data.

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