Exploring elderly users’ MSNS intermittent discontinuance: A dual-mechanism model

Abstract Most approaches to inflectional morphology propose a single-default representation. This research on Jordanian Arabic offers an analysis having more than one default inflection. This is accomplished by showing that unlike previous morphological accounts like the single-mechanism model, dual-mechanism model, and the schema model (cf. Pinker, 1990; Rumelhart & McClelland, 1986; and Bybee, 1985), the current research relies upon the ‘openness’ mechanism to define defaultness. Openness is thus defined as the ability of the inflectional process to accept new forms into a language. The corpus used in this research contains diminutives, verbal nouns, derivatives, and loan words used in JA. Other defining factors are modified in this research, such as regularity (rule-based mechanism) and productivity (type frequency). The findings of this research indicate that there are two possible defaults in Jordanian Arabic ordered in terms of openness: the sound feminine plural and the iambic broken plural. The findings have the implication that a language’s grammar can have a multi-default system.

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The dual-mechanism model of inflectional morphology: A connectionist critique

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x99362221 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 1026-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marc F. Joanisse ◽

Todd R. Haskell

Keyword(s):

Empirical Data ◽

The Body ◽

Inflectional Morphology ◽

Connectionist Models ◽

Mechanism Model ◽

Single Mechanism ◽

Dual Mechanism

Clahsen has added to the body of evidence that, on average, regular and irregular inflected words behave differently. However, the dual-mechanism account he supports predicts a crisp distinction; the empirical data instead suggest a fuzzy one, more in line with single-mechanism connectionist models.

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Wie wär's mit einem richtigen Mädelsabend? Plural -s within Compounds in Colloquial Northern German

Journal of Germanic Linguistics ◽

10.1017/s1470542709000233 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 149-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carol Fehringer

Keyword(s):

Mental Lexicon ◽

The Other ◽

Standard Language ◽

Mechanism Model ◽

Morphological Theory ◽

Linguistic Constraints ◽

Dual Mechanism

In standard German, the non-occurrence of -s plurals as the first element of a lexical compound (e.g., *Auto-s-berg ‘heap of cars') vs. the regular occurrence of the other plural suffixes (e.g., Kind-er-club ‘children's club', Frau-en-fete 'women's party') has often been quoted as evidence for a dual mechanism model of morphology, which sees irregular forms as stored in the mental lexicon while regular forms are generated by rule (see Marcus et al. 1995). However, in colloquial northern German, where the s-plural is more widely used than in the standard language, it is possible to form productive compounds containing this suffix (e.g., Mädel-s-treff ‘girls’ meeting'). This paper investigates to what extent -s plurals are acceptable within compounds in colloquial northern German, whether they are subject to any linguistic constraints (for example, morphological or phonological), and what implications they might have for current morphological theory.*

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Morpheme Analysis Associated with German Noun Plural Endings among Second Language (L2) Learners Using Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10110866 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 866

Author(s):

Guiyoung Son

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Language Processing ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Mechanism Model ◽

L2 Learners ◽

Syntactic Process ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Anterior Negativity ◽

Dual Mechanism

This paper aims to examine the morpho-syntactic process of noun plural endings, “-n” and “-s”, in adult second language (L2) learners using event-related potentials (ERPs). German noun plural endings consist of many inflectional forms. They are one of the difficulties faced by German L2 learners. We recorded an electroencephalogram (EEG) study of German L2 learners by dividing study subjects into low and high L2 learners according to the learning level. We examined what ERP components were associated with L2 language processing. All participants were Korean German L2 learners who had achieved varying levels of proficiency. As a result of our analysis, we confirmed different morpho-syntactic processing between the two groups. First, N400 was detected at any learning level. It confirmed language processing supportive of the Full-Listing Model for irregular endings. Second, we confirmed left anterior negativity (LAN), as detected in both low and high proficiency L2 learners. LAN is supportive of a Full-Parsing Model for regular endings, as it was detected in both low and high proficiency L2 learners. However, P600 was detected in highly proficient L2 learners only. It implies that high proficiency learners differ from low proficiency L2 learners. P600 is processed in a reparsing process after recognition of grammatical errors. Based on this result, more active use of a Dual Mechanism Model is possible as learning levels improve. It confirms that improvement in L2 learners results in an approach to cognitive processing similar to that of German first language (L1) speakers.

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The development of regular and irregular verb inflection in Spanish child language

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000902005172 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 591-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

HARALD CLAHSEN ◽

FRAIBET AVELEDO ◽

IGGY ROCA

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Speech ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Small Minority ◽

Mechanism Model ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Main Observation ◽

Irregular Verbs ◽

Verb Inflections ◽

Dual Mechanism ◽

Age Range

We present morphological analyses of verb inflections produced by 15 Spanish-speaking children (age range: 1;7 to 4;7) taken from longitudinal and cross-sectional samples of spontaneous speech and narratives. Our main observation is the existence of a dissociation between regular and irregular processes in the distribution of errors: regular suffixes and unmarked (non-alternating) stems are over-extended to irregulars in children's inflection errors, but not vice versa. We also found that overregularization errors at all ages are only a small minority of the children's irregular verbs, that the period of overregularization is preceded by a stage without errors, and that the onset of overregularizations is connected to the emergence of obligatory finiteness markings. These findings are explained in terms of the dual-mechanism model of inflection.

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Producing inflected verbs

The Mental Lexicon ◽

10.1075/ml.5.1.02tab ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 22-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Wieke Tabak ◽

Robert Schreuder ◽

R. H. Baayen

Keyword(s):

Picture Naming ◽

Past Tense ◽

Mechanism Model ◽

The Past ◽

Inflected Form ◽

Present Tense ◽

Dual Mechanism ◽

As Effects

Four picture naming experiments addressing the production of regular and irregular pasttense forms in Dutch are reported. Effects of inflectional entropy as well as effects of the frequency of the past-tense inflected form across regulars and irregulars support models with a redundant lexicon while challenging the dual mechanism model (Pinker, 1997). The evidence supports the hypothesis of Stemberger (2004) and the general approach of Word and Paradigm morphology (Blevins, 2003) according to which inflected forms are not derived from the present-tense stem, but accessed independently.

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Frequency and morphological irregularity are independent variables. Evidence from a corpus study of Spanish verbs

Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory ◽

10.1515/cllt-2013-0028 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Viviana Fratini ◽

Joana Acha ◽

Itziar Laka

Keyword(s):

Corpus Analysis ◽

Corpus Study ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Mechanism Model ◽

Irregular Verbs ◽

Dual Mechanism ◽

Morphological System

AbstractWe present the results of the first corpus analysis of Spanish verbs where the correlation between morphological irregularity and frequency was considered. In English, irregular verbs are more frequent than regular ones (Ullman, 1999 and Michel et al., 2011). We tested whether this frequency-irregularity relation observed in English would also hold in a more complex morphological system like Spanish. Results show that frequency and morphological irregularity do not correlate in Spanish. This pattern of results represents a challenge for the Dual-Mechanism model of morphology (Pinker and Prince 1988; Pinker and Ullman 2002), where all irregulars are argued to be stored whole in memory and are predicted to be more frequent than regulars.

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What is the context of prediction?

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x12002713 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 376-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Si On Yoon ◽

Sarah Brown-Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Language Production ◽

Mechanism Model ◽

Single Mechanism ◽

Central Notion ◽

Dual Mechanism ◽

Better Than

AbstractWe agree with Pickering & Garrod's (P&G's) claim that theories of language processing must address the interconnection of language production and comprehension. However, we have two concerns: First, the central notion of context when predicting what another person will say is underspecified. Second, it is not clear that P&G's dual-mechanism model captures the data better than a single-mechanism model would.

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Morphological dissociations in the L2 acquisition of an inflectionally rich language

EUROSLA Yearbook ◽

10.1075/eurosla.9.07aga ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 107-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eleni Agathopoulou ◽

Despina Papadopoulou

Keyword(s):

Language Acquisition ◽

Mental Representation ◽

Native Language ◽

L2 Acquisition ◽

Advanced Learners ◽

Mechanism Model ◽

Intermediate Learners ◽

Dual Mechanism ◽

Degree Of Similarity

This study investigates the validity of Pinker’s (1991, 1999) Dual-Mechanism Model in the mental representation of regular and irregular active past perfective verbs in adult non-native Greek. In this model, regular inflection is computed by a symbolic rule, while irregular words are fully stored in the lexicon. A nonce-probe elicitation task showed that both natives and non-natives generalized the regular affix -s, and more so in regular than in irregular perfective verb stems. Moreover, the degree of similarity of the nonce verbs to real ones did not affect the affixation of regulars. Dissimilar irregulars were affixed less often than similar ones by the intermediate learners but neither by the advanced learners, nor by the natives. Our findings support computation for regulars, as proposed by the Dual Mechanism Model, both in native and in non-native language acquisition. Yet, the model’s claim for full storage of all irregular words is not verified.

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On the cross-linguistic validity of a dual-mechanism model

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x99432224 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 1033-1035

Author(s):

Margherita Orsolini

Keyword(s):

Human Performance ◽

Past Participle ◽

Mechanism Model ◽

Morphological Processes ◽

Performance Profiles ◽

The Cross ◽

Dual Mechanism

Recent studies of Italian past definite and past participle forms show that human performance with regular and irregular inflections is not dissociated as Clahsen's model would predict. Some performance profiles, accounted for by dual-mechanism models in terms of an underlying symbol-manipulating combinatorial procedure, are generated in Italian by the higher learnability and generalizability of phonologically regular morphological processes.

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