Early pregnancy diagnosis based on luteal morphology and blood flow on Days 17–21 post-artificial insemination in Japanese Black cattle

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Kanazawa ◽  
Motohide Seki ◽  
Kosuke Iga
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Japanese Black Cattle ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis

scholarly journals RESEARCHES REGARDING ESTRUS INDUCTION AND SYNCHRONIZATION IN SOWS AFTER WEANING

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Liviu BOGDAN ◽  
Ioan GROZA ◽  
Mihai CENARIU ◽  
Simona CIUPE ◽  
Emoke PALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Swine Farm ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis

The purpose of this paper was to improve the reproductive performances of sows after weaning in a private swine farm. The main objective was to implement modern reproductive biotechnologies (estrus synchronization, artificial insemination and early pregnancy diagnosis) in order to increase the economic efficiency of the reproductive sector of this farm. The biologic material used for the research was represented by 300 sows whose estrus was synchronized using three hormonal procedures (Regu-Mate administered collectively, Regu-Mate administered individually and PG600) as well as naturally, using stimulating boars. The results showed that the best methods of estrus induction and synchronization in sows use either Regu-Mate administered individually in fodder or PG600.

scholarly journals Saliva Crystallization in Cattle: New Possibility for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis?

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Skalova ◽  
Tamara Fedorova ◽  
Karolina Brandlova
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Synchronization Process ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Saliva sampling is a non-invasive, simple and low-cost procedure. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence and changes of saliva crystallization in domestic cattle during synchronized oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. We verified saliva crystallization as a method for early pregnancy diagnosis. Eight Holstein cows were included into the research. The samples were collected daily from 16th day before to 34th day after artificial insemination (in total 51 days). We observed the following types of crystallization: none, dotted, branch-like, fir-like, fern-like and combinations of them and an atypical pattern. We confirmed the presence of saliva crystallization in cattle and its changes during oestrus synchronization process, insemination and post-insemination periods. We found significant differences in pregnant and non-pregnant animals between 20th and 29th day after insemination. We concluded that pregnancy diagnosis by saliva crystallization might be possible but the practical application of this method is currently unfeasible.

scholarly journals Evaluation of synchronization protocols and methods of early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Shahzad ◽  
A. Sattar ◽  
N. Ahmad ◽  
I. Ahmad ◽  
M.S. Yousaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
In Pregnancy

The studies aimed to evaluate the pregnancy rate (PR) for timed artificial insemination (TAI) after G7G-Ovsynch, modified G7G-Ovsynch (MG7G-Ovsynch) and Ovsynch protocols and to assess the accuracy of using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) and plasma progesterone (P4) in pregnancy diagnosis compared with ultrasonography (US). In study 1, Holstein cows (n = 37) were bred by TAI following the G7G-Ovsynch protocol (n = 19) or MG7G-Ovsynch (n = 18). Pregnancy was evaluated by US at days 31, 59, and 87 after breeding. The PR was not different for the G7G-Ovsynch and MG7G-Ovsynch. Blood and milk samples were collected on day 3 after insemination and then weekly through day 59 post TAI in cows diagnosed as not pregnant on day 31 and through day 87 in pregnant cows. PAGs were measured using ELISA and P4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the second study, Holstein cows (n = 212) were bred by TAI following G7G-Ovsynch protocol (n = 110) or standard Ovsynch (n = 102). Cows were subjected to pregnancy diagnosis on days 30, 60, and 90. A subset (n = 15 in each group) was subjected to blood and milk samples on days 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 to measure PAGs and P4. In study 2, PR was not significantly different between synchronization protocols on days 30, 60, and 90. Pregnancy loss averaged 15% between day 30 and day 90. The use of PAGs and P4 proved equally effective in diagnosis of pregnancy. Thus, G7G-Ovsynch was deemed the protocol of choice in postpartum cows, and PAGs assayed in milk or plasma could be used to diagnose pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Foetal Ultrastructural Images Obtained from Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Does Using Transrectal and Transabdominal Probes of Ultrasound Scanner

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramli Abdullah ◽  
Fatin Mardhiah Mohd
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner

Real time B-mode ultrasound scanner becomes very effective tools to detect early pregnancy diagnosis in small ruminant such as goat. Ultrasound scanner used in two way which are transrectal and transabdominal probes. Transabdominal probe used as it is less harmful than transrectal probe. The objectives of the study are: 1) to detect the ultrastructural images in non-pregnant does for artificial insemination purposes using ultrasound scanner, 2) to diagnose of difference foetal ultrastructural images obtained during gestation period using ultrasound scanner and 3) to compare the foetal ultrastructural image obtained from trans-rectal and trans-abdominal probes of ultrasound scanner. There are three pregnant does and 26 non-pregnant does with two successfully delivered out of 29 totals does chosen in this experiment. The ultrastructural images visible are ‘C’ shape placentome, heartbeat, foetus and hydrometra. It is shown that the size of heart determines the age of foetus during gestation period. At the end of this study, the farmers should be exposed to this modern way to diagnose the pregnancy and non-pregnancy in does and another ruminant. The farmer is able to manage their farm management for pregnant does and ready the non-pregnant does with culling or rebreeding for second time. The result of the study would be an alternative reference to increase the production of milk and farm management in goat industry at UDGF and Malaysia especially. The ultrasound technique to diagnose pregnancy in goats.

scholarly journals The luteal blood flow, area and pixel intensity of corpus luteum, levels of progesterone in pregnant and nonpregnant mares in the period of 16 days after ovulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Šichtař ◽  
R. Rajmon ◽  
K. Hošková ◽  
D. Řehák ◽  
L. Vostrý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis

The objective of the present study was to examine if luteal blood flow (LBF) monitoring could be used as an additional prognostic tool for early pregnancy diagnosis, and we particularly focused on the differences in LBF between pregnant and nonpregnant mares. Furthermore, other possible developmental differences of corpus luteum (CL) between pregnant and nonpregnant mares were evaluated. The CL (n = 119) of 27 mares were monitored once daily in B- and Power-Doppler Mode on days 1, 2, 9, 12, and 16 after ovulation (day 0 = ovulation). The data were evaluated using the MIXED Linear Model with repeated measures, and parameters were estimated by the REML method. The course of LBF, area of CL, and pixel intensity differed in nonpregnant mares on a day-to-day basis in contrast to more stable values in pregnant mares. Further, the profiles of the courses were identical until day 9, but since day 12 the differences between pregnant and nonpregnant mares started to be prominent. The LBF, pixel intensity, and level of progesterone (P4) were similar in all mares until day 16, when smaller LBF, lower pixel intensity, and lower levels of P4 were found in nonpregnant mares (P = 0.04, P = 0.02, P < 0.05, respectively). In pregnant and nonpregnant mares the LBF was weakly (r = 0.29 in both) and pixel intensity strongly (r = 0.48 and 0.59, respectively) correlated to the levels of P4. LBF was strongly correlated to the area of CL in pregnant as well as nonpregnant mares (r = 0.72 and 0.64, respectively). In accordance with the results presented in our study we can state that LBF monitoring is not a suitable tool for early pregnancy diagnosis or prognosis as the differences between pregnant and nonpregnant mares are notable – similarly to other indicators of CL status – just after the onset of luteolysis (day 16) when embryo itself is detectable.  

scholarly journals Analysis of Circulating microRNA During Early Gestation in Japanese Black Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasumi Ono ◽  
Sakura Okamoto ◽  
Chiaki Ninomiya ◽  
Noriyuki Toji ◽  
Tomomi Kanazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Japanese Black Cattle ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas

Abstract Background Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are biomarkers for various diseases and physiological conditions in humans and mice; studies in domestic animals, particularly cattle, are limited. The importance of early pregnancy diagnosis (especially within the 21 day cow estrous cycle) in the livestock industry is extremely high. This study compared the circulating miRNAs in non-pregnant and pregnant Japanese Black cows, explored miRNAs as biomarkers for early pregnancy diagnosis, and established a measurement system that includes reference miRNA selection and the effect of hemolysis. Methods miRNA was extracted from the plasma of Japanese Black cows on day 21 after artificial insemination and subjected to a customized bovine oligonucleotide microarray for expression analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs and reference miRNA candidates were selected and validated by real-time quantification PCR (RT-qPCR). Their stability was evaluated using NormFinder software. Hemolyzed samples were prepared using plasma from five cows in estrous cycle and subjected to RT-qPCR. Results A total of 124 miRNAs were detected in bovine plasma by microarray analysis in non-pregnant and pregnant cows. The levels of five circulating miRNAs were significantly higher in pregnant cows than in non-pregnant cows, and 24 miRNAs were detected only in the pregnant group. NormFinder analysis and RT-qPCR validation showed that miR-2455 was an appropriate reference miRNA in the plasma of non-pregnant and pregnant Japanese Black cows and miR-19b, miR-25, miR-29a, and miR-148a were significantly higher in the pregnant group. These four circulating miRNAs did not change during the estrous cycle and were less affected by hemolysis. Conclusions In the current study, we found high levels of four miRNAs in the plasma of pregnant Japanese Black cows. Since these miRNAs are less affected by hemolysis, they may potentially be used as markers for early pregnancy diagnosis in cattle.

75 COMPARISON OF THE DG29TM ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY KIT COMPARED WITH TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS FOLLOWING TRANSFER OF JAPANESE BLACK CATTLE EMBRYOS

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
M. Urakawa ◽  
A. Ideta ◽  
A. Shirasawa ◽  
Y. Oono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Japanese Black Cattle ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis

In commercial embryo transfer industry, accurate early detection of pregnant and nonpregnant cows plays a key role in achieving an optimum calving-to-conception interval. The DG29TM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Conception, Animal Reproduction Technologies, Beaumont, Canada) measures the level of pregnancy-related glycoproteins in blood that are linked to pregnancy. Here, we compared the DG29 kit with transrectal ultrasonography (TU) to evaluate the possibility of the clinical application of the ELISA kit for early pregnancy diagnosis. Embryos recovered from superovulated Japanese Black cows were transferred to 110 recipient Holstein heifers on Day 6 to 8 of the oestrous cycle (oestrus = Day 0). Pregnancy was diagnosed between Day 29 and Day 40 by TU with a 5.0/7.5-MHz linear array transducer (Tringa, Pie Medical Equipment B.V., Maastricht, the Netherlands). Blood samples were collected from the tail vein or artery into vacuum serum tubes after TU and serum was separated and stored at –30°C until the ELISA was performed. The ELISA results were interpreted as positive (pregnant, >1000 pg mL–1) or negative (nonpregnant, <300 pg mL–1). Ninety-nine of the 110 heifers were judged as pregnant or nonpregnant by TU. Seventy-six of the 99 heifers were judged as pregnant, in which fetuses were visualised clearly in the uterine horn. The following measures, sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and accuracy of pregnancy outcomes based on the ELISA results, were assessed by comparing with those based on the definite TU results. The values for sensitivity and specificity were 100% (76/76) and 91.3% (21/23), the positive and negative predictive value were 97.4% (76/78) and 100% (21/21), respectively and accuracy was 98.0% (97/99). On the other hand, chorioallantoic fluids in 11 of the 110 heifers were detected by TU around Day 30 of gestation, but fetuses were not identified or were unclearly visualised, which suggests that the embryos died during the peri-implantation period after transfer. Ten of the 11 heifers were classified as pregnant by the ELISA, but only 3 heifers were identified as pregnant with reexamination by later TU, which indicates that the pregnancy-related glycoproteins residue from embryo mortality was detected by the DG29 kit. However, the negative predictive value of the DG29 kit was 100% in this study. In conclusion, except for early embryonic death, the DG29 kit was highly accurate and suitable for clinical application in early pregnancy determination following transfer of Japanese Black cattle embryos.

How do the mechanical influences of blood flow impact trophoblast plugging and unplugging of the spiral arteries in early pregnancy?

Placenta ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. e26
Author(s):  
Rojan Saghian ◽  
Gib Bogle ◽  
Joanna James ◽  
Alys Clark
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Early Pregnancy
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