Toxicological characterization of inhalable substances and aerosols in vitro: Enhancement of experimental methods by in situ fluorescence analysis of the cellular status during exposure

2011 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. S175
Author(s):  
D. Ritter ◽  
J. Knebel
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Experimental Methods

scholarly journals Enlisting the Ixodes scapularis Embryonic ISE6 Cell Line to Investigate the Neuronal Basis of Tick—Pathogen Interactions

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Lourdes Mateos-Hernández ◽  
Natália Pipová ◽  
Eléonore Allain ◽  
Céline Henry ◽  
Clotilde Rouxel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Neuropeptides are small signaling molecules expressed in the tick central nervous system, i.e., the synganglion. The neuronal-like Ixodes scapularis embryonic cell line, ISE6, is an effective tool frequently used for examining tick–pathogen interactions. We detected 37 neuropeptide transcripts in the I. scapularis ISE6 cell line using in silico methods, and six of these neuropeptide genes were used for experimental validation. Among these six neuropeptide genes, the tachykinin-related peptide (TRP) of ISE6 cells varied in transcript expression depending on the infection strain of the tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The immunocytochemistry of TRP revealed cytoplasmic expression in a prominent ISE6 cell subpopulation. The presence of TRP was also confirmed in A. phagocytophilum-infected ISE6 cells. The in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of TRP of I. scapularis synganglion revealed expression in distinct neuronal cells. In addition, TRP immunoreaction was detected in axons exiting the synganglion via peripheral nerves as well as in hemal nerve-associated lateral segmental organs. The characterization of a complete Ixodes neuropeptidome in ISE6 cells may serve as an effective in vitro tool to study how tick-borne pathogens interact with synganglion components that are vital to tick physiology. Therefore, our current study is a potential stepping stone for in vivo experiments to further examine the neuronal basis of tick–pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of a Gold Ibex and other Artifacts from Akrotiri

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Karydas ◽  
T. Pantazis ◽  
C. Doumas ◽  
A. Vlachopoulos ◽  
P. Nomikos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soldering Technology ◽  
Excavation Area

In-situ X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) of ancient artifacts from the excavation area was performed using a novel X-ray instrumentation, composed of a portable silicon PIN thermoelectrically cooled X-ray detector, a miniature X-ray source, and portable data acquisition devices. The main objective of the analyses in Akrotiri was to explore the potential of the technique to provide answers to a wide range of archaeometric questions regarding the bulk composition of metal alloys, especially of gold, the characterization of corrosion products in bronze artifacts, identification of inorganic elements which are fingerprints of the minerals used in wall-painting pigments, and of the painting materials and techniques used for the decoration of clay vase surfaces. Among the analysed artifacts are a unique gold ibex, a bronze dagger and blade, various pigments from the wall paintings of room 3 in Xeste 3, decoration pigments from rosettes of faience, a bichrome jug, and other clay vases. The results of the in-situ XRF survey, primarily those of the bulk composition and soldering technology of the gold ibex, are discussed and compared with literature.

In vitro characterization of an injectable in situ forming composite system for bone reconstruction

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dorati ◽  
C. Colonna ◽  
I. Genta ◽  
A. De Trizio ◽  
T. Modena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite System ◽  
Bone Reconstruction ◽  
In Situ Forming ◽  
In Vitro Characterization

scholarly journals Comparison of In Vitro and In Situ Methods for Studying Lipolysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghorbani ◽  
Mahmood Abedinzade
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Autocrine Factors ◽  
In Situ Methods

Lipolysis is a highly regulated process and is controlled by nervous system, hormones, and paracrine/autocrine factors. Dysregulation of lipolysis is associated with some pathophysiological conditions including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Nowadays, special attention isthereforepaid to study lipolysis using different experimental models. This review summarizes the current experimental methods for studying lipolysis. Culture of preadipocyte cell lines, use of differentiated stroma-vascular cells, primary culture of adipocyte, organ culture of adipose tissue, and microdialysis technique are the most widely used techniques to study lipolysis. The advantages and limitations of using these methods are discussed.

Characterization of distinct mesenchymal-like cell populations from human skeletal muscle in situ and in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 316 (15) ◽  
pp. 2513-2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine Lecourt ◽  
Jean-Pierre Marolleau ◽  
Olivia Fromigué ◽  
Karine Vauchez ◽  
Rina Andriamanalijaona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Populations

scholarly journals Characterization of the Exoglucanase-Encoding Gene PaEXG2 and Study of Its Role in the Biocontrol Activity of Pichia anomala Strain K

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 1145-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Grevesse ◽  
Philippe Lepoivre ◽  
Mohamed Haïssam Jijakli
Keyword(s):  
Marker Gene ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
Pichia Anomala ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Monophosphate Decarboxylase ◽  
Uracil Auxotroph

The PaEXG2 gene, encoding an exo-β-1,3-glucanase, was isolated from the biocontrol agent Pichia anomala strain K. PaEXG2 has the capacity for coding an acidic protein of 427 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 45.7 kDa, a calculated pI of 4.7, and one potential N-glycosylation site. PaEXG2 was disrupted by the insertion of the URA3 marker gene, encoding orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase in strain KU1, a uracil auxotroph derived from strain K. Strain KU1 showed inferior biocontrol activity and colonization of wounds on apples, compared to the prototrophic strain. Antagonism and colonization were recovered after the restoration of prototrophy by transformation with the URA3 gene. Integrative transformation was shown to be mostly ectopic in strain K descendants (only 4% of integration by homologous recombination). PaEXG2 disruption abolished all detectable extracellular exo-β-1,3-glucanase activity in vitro and in situ but did not affect biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea on wounded apples.

Characterization of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) genome using in vitro and in situ DNA reassociation

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Peterson ◽  
William R. Pearson ◽  
Stephen M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dna Reassociation
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