Tribological properties and damage behavior of brown rice based on milling process

2021 ◽  
pp. 107353
Author(s):  
Yuchao Fan ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Chaochao Yin ◽  
Shaoyun Song ◽  
Deguo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Damage Behavior

Evaluation of Tribological Properties of Organoclay Reinforced UHMWPE Nanocomposites

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Samad Mohammed ◽  
Annas bin Ali ◽  
Merah Nesar
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight ◽  
Energy Ball

The current study is aimed to investigate the tribological properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with organoclay Cloisite (C15A). Nanocomposites are prepared using a high energy ball milling process followed by hot pressing. Three different loadings of 0.5 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 3 wt.% of C15A, respectively, are used as reinforcement. Results from the ball-on-disk wear tests showed that nanocomposites reinforced with 1.5 wt.% of C15A exhibited best wear resistance and lower coefficient of friction (COF), with C15A reducing the wear rate by 41% and the COF by 38%, when compared to the pristine UHMWPE. These improvements are attributed to the uniform dispersion of the nanosized clay platelets preventing large-scale material removal and formation of a thin tenacious, continuous transfer film on the counterface for C15A organoclay composites. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical profilometry are used to characterize the morphology of the nanocomposites and the wear tracks. SEM images of worn surfaces indicated more abrasive wear for the case of pristine UHMWPE as compared to organoclay composites.

scholarly journals STUDY OF MILLING PROCESS AND ITS EFFECT ON VITAMIN B1 AND FOLIC ACID CONTENTS ON LOWLAND RICE PROMISING LINES

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Siti Dewi Indrasari ◽  
Shinta Dewi Ardhiyanti ◽  
Buang Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Fluorescence Detector

Rice is an important source of vitamin B1 and folic acid, but cultivated rice cultivars contain low of these nutrient. Breeding program had been conducted and several advanced lines with a high vitamin B and folic acid contents were found. This research aimed to study the contents of vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice of fifteen promising lowland rice lines. Dried paddy (14% moisture content) were husked in the mini husker (Satake THU 35A) to obtain brown rice and milled rice by using abrasive-type mini polisher (Satake TM-05, 1,450 RPM for 2 minutes). Vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice were determined by using HPLC equipped with fluorescence detector for vitamin B1 and UV detector for folic acid. Four out of fifteen rice lines studied showed a unique characteristic of vitamin B1 content in the brown rice and milled rice. Rice lines which have highest vitamin B1 in the brown rice were B10267-4-PN-6-2-3-2-2-2-3-3-2 (3.03 mg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (2.13 mg 100 g-1), B10531E-KN-1-2-PN-1-4-2 (1.33 mg 100 g-1) and B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1). However after milling, 43-92% of their vitamin B1 were lost; the least loss was observed in B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1) which was only  4%. Three out of fifteen rice lines studied has highest folic acid in brown rice, i.e. BP400G-PN-12-3-6 (158.5 µg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (152.0 µg 100 g-1), and B11742-RS*-2-3-MR-5-5-1-Si-1-3 (100.0 µg 100 g-1). After milling the line B10876H-MR-2 had the highest folic acid content (52.0 µg 100 g-1), much higher than that of Ciherang variety as a control. This study indicates the importance of having a suitable milling instrument to minimize loss of vitamin B1 and folic acid. The study also suggests the importance of creating new rice cultivars that have high nutrient and resistant to milling process.

scholarly journals STUDY OF MILLING PROCESS AND ITS EFFECT ON VITAMIN B1 AND FOLIC ACID CONTENTS ON LOWLAND RICE PROMISING LINES

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Siti Dewi Indrasari ◽  
Shinta Dewi Ardhiyanti ◽  
Buang Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Fluorescence Detector

Rice is an important source of vitamin B1 and folic acid, but cultivated rice cultivars contain low of these nutrient. Breeding program had been conducted and several advanced lines with a high vitamin B and folic acid contents were found. This research aimed to study the contents of vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice of fifteen promising lowland rice lines. Dried paddy (14% moisture content) were husked in the mini husker (Satake THU 35A) to obtain brown rice and milled rice by using abrasive-type mini polisher (Satake TM-05, 1,450 RPM for 2 minutes). Vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice were determined by using HPLC equipped with fluorescence detector for vitamin B1 and UV detector for folic acid. Four out of fifteen rice lines studied showed a unique characteristic of vitamin B1 content in the brown rice and milled rice. Rice lines which have highest vitamin B1 in the brown rice were B10267-4-PN-6-2-3-2-2-2-3-3-2 (3.03 mg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (2.13 mg 100 g-1), B10531E-KN-1-2-PN-1-4-2 (1.33 mg 100 g-1) and B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1). However after milling, 43-92% of their vitamin B1 were lost; the least loss was observed in B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1) which was only  4%. Three out of fifteen rice lines studied has highest folic acid in brown rice, i.e. BP400G-PN-12-3-6 (158.5 µg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (152.0 µg 100 g-1), and B11742-RS*-2-3-MR-5-5-1-Si-1-3 (100.0 µg 100 g-1). After milling the line B10876H-MR-2 had the highest folic acid content (52.0 µg 100 g-1), much higher than that of Ciherang variety as a control. This study indicates the importance of having a suitable milling instrument to minimize loss of vitamin B1 and folic acid. The study also suggests the importance of creating new rice cultivars that have high nutrient and resistant to milling process.

scholarly journals Influence of Graphene Nanosheets on Thermo-Physical and Tribological Properties of Sustainable Cutting Fluids for MQL Application in Machining Processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Baldin ◽  
Leonardo R Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Rogério Valentim Gelamo ◽  
Adres Bustillo Iglesias ◽  
Rosemar Batista da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Cemented Carbide Tool ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
1045 Steel

Abstract This study investigates the effects of applying two vegetable and one mineral-based cutting fluids with 0.05 %wt and 0.1 %wt dispersion of graphene sheets on the tribosystem generated at the interface between the cemented carbide tool and the AISI 1045 steel workpiece. The fluids are firstly characterized (viscosity, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, and wettability) and tested in reciprocating and ramp milling tests. The results show that the graphene sheets alter the thermo-physical and tribological properties of the cutting fluids; in this case, vegetable-based cutting fluids, even in minimum quantities and with graphene nanoparticles, have a high potential for increasing the efficiency and sustainability of the milling process.

scholarly journals Manufacturing Organic Embryo Red Rice using Sugawa Machine at Lombok Kulon, Wonosari Subdistrict Bondowoso Regency, East Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Rohimatush Shofiyah ◽  
Mochamad Alfan ◽  
Wiwik Suharso
Keyword(s):  
Community Health Center ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Village Government

Gapoktan Al-Barokah of Lombok Kulon, Wonosari Subdistrict, in Bondowoso Regency has started milling organic rice using husking machine thus produced raw red rice. Raw red rice is rice grain that has its husks removed. The study established that raw red rice is actually covered by hard husk which contains Phytic Acid that could obstruct nutrition absorption to the body. Other drawbacks from raw red rice is that soaking is required before cooking, the texture of the cooked rice is hard to eat, and its nutrition is difficult to digest. These make it less favorable among society therefore it is not in a good sale so far, resulting in low revenue of the organic rice farmers. Therefore, this program was initiated to enrich the quality of red rice products through adding a step into the milling process which is milling using sugawa machine to remove the hard husks. The final product expected from the program was organic embryo red rice that is easy for cooking, soft textured cooked rice, and digestable rice in order to increase the chance of optimal nutrition absorption to the body. Among several solutions offered in the program include supplying and testing a milling machine, production training and guidance, socializing and marketing. The first solution administered was supplying and testing a Sugawa machine to mill raw rice into embryo red and brown rice. Then, it was followed by providing a Sugawa pressure cooker tool to mix derived product from the materials used such as embryo rice and bran, that is embryo porridge and bran cereal. The training conducted in the program contains guidance for applying the SOP of producing embryo rice and its derivatives. While socialization was administered specifically to the board and partners of Gapoktan Al-Barokah, village government, field trainers, and muspika (council for local government) of Wonosari aiming to achieve a collective and sustainable movement, as well as a group of patients of degenerative illnesses from Community Health Center of Wonosari. Finally, it was followed by marketing that was performed during the socialization by providing samples of embryo red rice, embryo brown rice, and its derivatives. The embryo rice was packaged in a 1kg-vacuum bag, labelled with Botanik Beras Embrio Merah and Botanik Beras Embrio Coklat and thereby distributed to nearby stores around Wonosari subdistrict area.

scholarly journals Selenium Distribution and Translocation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Different Naturally Seleniferous Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Shen ◽  
Chaoqiang Jiang ◽  
Yifeng Yan ◽  
Chaolong Zu
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Se Deficiency

Selenium (Se) accumulation in plant foods may be providing dietary Se to minimize the health problems related to Se deficiency. In this study, rice plants were cultivated in different naturally seleniferous soils (0.5–1.5 mg Se kg−1). Se concentration in rice plant tissues was analysed, and the distribution and translocation of Se in rice were also studied. The effect of exogenous Se on yield and Se concentration in rice grain was also investigated by spraying Na2SeO3 (15 mg L−1, 15 g ha−1). Results show that Se concentration in root, straw and grain of rice was increased with increased concentrations of Se in seleniferous soils. The root accumulated higher Se than straw and grain under the same naturally seleniferous soil. Spraying Se significantly increased Se concentration in grain, hull, brown rice and polished rice compared with spraying water. Se concentration in the grain fractions was in the following order: Bran > brown rice > whole grain > polished rice > hull. About 13.7% Se in wholegrain was discarded by milling process if about 6.9% of it was polished as bran. Se-enriched rice could be produced in naturally seleniferous soils with Se concentration from 0.5 to 1.0 mg kg−1, and this polished rice would provide enough Se (60–80 μg day−1) to satisfy the human requirement. Therefore, naturally seleniferous soils may be an effective way to produce Se-enriched rice without spraying Se fertilizer, which will be more economically feasible and environmentally friendly for without exogenous Se added to the soils or plants. However, the polished rice and brown rice, produced by spraying Na2SeO3 (15 g ha−1) or grown in soil with total Se upto 1.5 mg kg−1 was not suitable for daily human consumption, unless diluted with Se-deficient rice to meet the standard (≤0.3 mg Se kg−1). This study imparted a better understanding of the utilization of seleniferous soils and Se-enriched rice for human health and food safety.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the influence of rice characteristics and processing methods on postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanny M. Boers ◽  
Jack Seijen ten Hoorn ◽  
David J. Mela
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rice ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Cooking Times

Rice is an important staple food for more than half of the world's population. Especially in Asian countries, rice is a major contributor to dietary glycaemic load (GL). Sustained consumption of higher-GL diets has been implicated in the development of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given that a reduction in postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses is generally seen as a beneficial dietary change, it is useful to determine the variation in the range of postprandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses to rice and the primary intrinsic and processing factors known to affect such responses. Therefore, we identified relevant original research articles on glycaemic response to rice through a systematic search of the literature in Scopus, Medline and SciFinder databases up to July 2014. Based on a glucose reference value of 100, the observed glycaemic index values for rice varieties ranged from 48 to 93, while the insulinaemic index ranged from 39 to 95. There are three main factors that appear to explain most of the variation in glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to rice: (1) inherent starch characteristics (amylose:amylopectin ratio and rice cultivar); (2) post-harvest processing (particularly parboiling); (3) consumer processing (cooking, storage and reheating). The milling process shows a clear effect when compared at identical cooking times, with brown rice always producing a lower PPG and PPI response than white rice. However, at longer cooking times normally used for the preparation of brown rice, smaller and inconsistent differences are observed between brown and white rice.

The Influence of Mass Fraction and Size of Glassy Carbon Particles on the Tribological Properties of Metal – Ceramic Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Bartosz Hekner ◽  
Jerzy Myalski ◽  
Paweł Krzywda ◽  
Aleksandra Miczek
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Tribological Application ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Properties Of Materials

This paper presents the manufacturing process and the results of measurements for aluminum – aluminum oxide materials with addition of glassy carbon particles (GC). The composites were manufactured via high energy milling process with hot pressing subsequently. The influence of mass fraction (5, 10 and 15 wt.%) and a size of GC particles (<40, 40-80, 80-120, 120-160, 160-200µm) on the microstructure and properties were analysed. The complex meaning of GC particles for all, milling process, microstructure and final properties were discovered. After based description of materials, the tribological measurement were performed under two loads – 35 and 50N. It was noted, that mass fraction of GC particles have influence on tribological properties of materials. The composite with 5 wt.% revealed the best friction properties without any significant differences between analysed loads. The influence of particles size proved that the most effective fraction for tribological application is 120 – 160µm.

Study of The Pharmacological Activity and Heavy Metal Content of Eichhornia Crassipes Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Jimmy ◽  
Diah Indriani Widiputri ◽  
Paulus Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Negative Impacts

Eichhornia crassipes is well-known as water hyacinth. Water hyacinth grows rapidly in the nutrient-rich water and high light intensity places. The uncontrollable growth of water hyacinth has caused many negative impacts to the environment. For instance, interrupted water transport and decreased population of aquatic lives. The capacity of utilising water hyacinth is slower than water hyacinth growth and water hyacinth is still considered as a threat to theecosystem. This work was focused on the study of the pharmacological activity and heavy metal content of water hyacinth in Lake Cipondoh, Tangerang. Fresh water hyacinth was pre-treated through oven-drying and milling process. After that, each part of the plant was macerated by using multiple extraction method with 96% ethanol/water and three variations of sample-to-solvent ratios (1:30, 1:50, and 1:75 w/v). The result of the experiment showed thatwater hyacinth leaves produced an extract with lowest IC 50 (55.76 ± 6.73 ppm) compared toother parts. The most optimum solvent used to achieve this result was 96% ethanol/water (1:1 v/v). In order to obtain the lowest antioxidant activity, the sample to solvent ratio used was 1:50 and the heavy metal in the extract was very low. With this result, it was concluded that there is a promising opportunity to apply the water hyacinth growing in Lake Cipondoh, Tangerang as herbal medicine ingredient. Through this utilization, the overall number of water hyacinth in Indonesia can be reduced or at the least be controlled, so that the environmental problem caused by this plant can be minimized.

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