Selection of vaccine strains for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses (2007–2012) circulating in Southeast Asia, East Asia and Far East

ABSTRACT We report the whole-genome sequence of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) O/MOG/BU/2-7/2015 isolated in Mongolia in 2015. This virus is closely related to isolates identified in Southeast Asia in 2015 and is classified under the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d lineage. This is the first detection of an FMDV of this lineage in Mongolia.

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Molecular Basis of Antigenic Drift in Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses (2013–2018) from Southeast Asia

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13091886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1886

Author(s):

Sasmita Upadhyaya ◽

Mana Mahapatra ◽

Valerie Mioulet ◽

Satya Parida

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Antigenic Drift ◽

Control Measures ◽

Serotype O ◽

Antigenic Sites ◽

Capsid Sequence ◽

Foot And Mouth

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals with serious economic consequences. FMD is endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA) and East Asia (EA) with the circulation of multiple serotypes, posing a threat to Australia and other FMD-free countries. Although vaccination is one of the most important control measures to prevent FMD outbreaks, the available vaccines may not be able to provide enough cross-protection against the FMD viruses (FMDVs) circulating in these countries due to the incursion of new lineages and sub-lineages as experienced in South Korea during 2010, a FMD-free country, when a new lineage of serotype O FMDV (Mya-98) spread to the country, resulting in devastating economic consequences. In this study, a total of 62 serotype O (2013–2018) viruses selected from SEA and EA countries were antigenically characterized by virus neutralization tests using three existing (O/HKN/6/83, O/IND/R2/75 and O/PanAsia-2) and one putative (O/MYA/2009) vaccine strains and full capsid sequencing. The Capsid sequence analysis revealed three topotypes, Cathay, SEA and Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA) of FMDVs circulating in the region. The vaccines used in this study showed a good match with the SEA and ME-SA viruses. However, none of the recently circulating Cathay topotype viruses were protected by any of the vaccine strains, including the existing Cathay topotype vaccine (O/HKN/6/83), indicating an antigenic drift and, also the urgency to monitor this topotype in the region and develop a new vaccine strain if necessary, although currently the presence of this topotype is mainly restricted to China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Vietnam. Further, the capsid sequences of these viruses were analyzed that identified several capsid amino acid substitutions involving neutralizing antigenic sites 1, 2 and 5, which either individually or together could underpin the observed antigenic drift.

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Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus A/ASIA/Sea-97 lineage

Virus Genes ◽

10.1007/s11262-021-01848-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Soyeon Bae ◽

Vladimir Li ◽

Juyong Hong ◽

Jin Nam Kim ◽

Heebal Kim

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

East Asia ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Evolutionary Process ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Evolutionary Analysis ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) A/ASIA/Sea-97 is a predominant lineage in Southeast Asia and East Asia. However, Sea-97 lineage has not been well studied since its first outbreak in Thailand in 1997. Thus, we conducted phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of Sea-97 using 224 VP1 sequences of FMDV A/ASIA during 1960 and 2018. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Sea-97 lineage can be classified into five groups (G1–G5). After the emergence of G2 from G1, the genetic diversity of Sea-97 increased sharply, causing divergence into G3, G4 and G5. During this evolutionary process, Sea-97 lineage, which was initially found only in some countries in Southeast Asia, gradually spread to East Asia. The evolution rate of this lineage was estimated to be 1.2 × 10–2 substitutions/site/year and there were many differences in amino acid residues compared to vaccine strain. Substitutions at antigenically important sites may affect the efficacy of the vaccine, suggesting the need for appropriate vaccine strains. Our results could provide meaningful information to understand comprehensive characteristic of Sea-97 lineage.

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Emergence of an exotic strain of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d in South-East Asia in 2015

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases ◽

10.1111/tbed.12687 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. e104-e112 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Y. Qiu ◽

R. Abila ◽

P. Rodtian ◽

D. P. King ◽

N. J. Knowles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

South East Asia ◽

Serotype O ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

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Clinical and virological dynamics of a serotype O 2010 South East Asia lineage foot-and-mouth disease virus in sheep using natural and simulated natural inoculation and exposure systems

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.04.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 178 (1-2) ◽

pp. 50-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Carolina Stenfeldt ◽

Juan M. Pacheco ◽

Nagendrakumar B. Singanallur ◽

Helena C. de Carvalho Ferreira ◽

Wilna Vosloo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

South East Asia ◽

Serotype O ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

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Multiple introductions of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses into East Asia in 2010–2011

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/1297-9716-44-76 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 76 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Begoña Valdazo-González ◽

Anna Timina ◽

Alexey Scherbakov ◽

Nor Abdul-Hamid ◽

Nick J Knowles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Multiple Introductions ◽

Serotype O ◽

Foot And Mouth

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Selection of Vaccine Candidate for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Using a Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9040387 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 387

Author(s):

Yimei Cao ◽

Kun Li ◽

Xiangchuan Xing ◽

Huifang Bao ◽

Nana Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Strain ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Vaccine Candidate ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Strain Selection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serotype O ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Selection Of

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease and one of the most economically important diseases of livestock. Vaccination is an important measure to control FMD and selection of appropriate vaccine strains is crucial. The objective of this study was to select a vaccine candidate and to evaluate the potential of a blocking ELISA for detecting neutralizing antibodies (NA-ELISA) in vaccine strain selection. Binary ethylenimine inactivated vaccines, prepared from four representative circulating strains (FMDV O/Mya/98, SCGH/CHA/2016, O/Tibet/99, and O/XJ/CHA/2017) belonging to four lineages within three different topotypes of FMD virus (FMDV) serotype O in China, were used to vaccinate cattle (12–13 animals for each strain), sheep (12–13 animals for each strain), and pigs (10 animals for each strain). The results of immunogenicity comparison showed that O/XJ/CHA/2017 exhibited the highest immunogenicity among the four strains in pigs, cattle, and sheep both by NA-ELISA and virus neutralizing test (VNT). Cross-neutralization analysis indicated that O/XJ/CHA/2017 displayed broad antigen spectrum and was antigenically matched with other three representative strains both by NA-ELISA and VNT. In addition, A significant correlation (p < 0.0001) was observed between the NA-ELISA titers and the VNT titers for four representative strains. The results showed that O/XJ/CHA/2017 was a promising vaccine strain candidate and NA-ELISA was comparable to VNT in neutralizing antibodies detection and could be used as the reference test system for vaccine strain selection.

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