Producing high-quality cultivation substrates for cucumber production by in-situ composting of corn straw blocks amended with biochar and earthworm casts

2022 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Wende Zheng ◽  
Yongjie Ma ◽  
Xiaodong Wang ◽  
Xingyi Wang ◽  
Jianshe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Straw ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Earthworm Casts

Epitaxial growth manner and structure of superconducting oxide films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Yoshichika Bando ◽  
Takahito Terashima ◽  
Kenji Iijima ◽  
Kazunuki Yamamoto ◽  
Kazuto Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrathin Films ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Epitaxial Films ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Activated Reactive Evaporation

The high quality thin films of high-Tc superconducting oxide are necessary for elucidating the superconducting mechanism and for device application. The recent trend in the preparation of high-Tc films has been toward “in-situ” growth of the superconducting phase at relatively low temperatures. The purpose of “in-situ” growth is to attain surface smoothness suitable for fabricating film devices but also to obtain high quality film. We present the investigation on the initial growth manner of YBCO by in-situ reflective high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) technique and on the structural and superconducting properties of the resulting ultrathin films below 100Å. The epitaxial films have been grown on (100) plane of MgO and SrTiO, heated below 650°C by activated reactive evaporation. The in-situ RHEED observation and the intensity measurement was carried out during deposition of YBCO on the substrate at 650°C. The deposition rate was 0.8Å/s. Fig. 1 shows the RHEED patterns at every stage of deposition of YBCO on MgO(100). All the patterns exhibit the sharp streaks, indicating that the film surface is atomically smooth and the growth manner is layer-by-layer.

scholarly journals Air–Sea Interaction in the Central Mediterranean Sea: Assessment of Reanalysis and Satellite Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2188
Author(s):  
Salvatore Marullo ◽  
Jaime Pitarch ◽  
Marco Bellacicco ◽  
Alcide Giorgio di Sarra ◽  
Daniela Meloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Central Mediterranean Sea ◽  
In Situ Observations

Air–sea heat fluxes are essential climate variables, required for understanding air–sea interactions, local, regional and global climate, the hydrological cycle and atmospheric and oceanic circulation. In situ measurements of fluxes over the ocean are sparse and model reanalysis and satellite data can provide estimates at different scales. The accuracy of such estimates is therefore essential to obtain a reliable description of the occurring phenomena and changes. In this work, air–sea radiative fluxes derived from the SEVIRI sensor onboard the MSG satellite and from ERA5 reanalysis have been compared to direct high quality measurements performed over a complete annual cycle at the ENEA oceanographic observatory, near the island of Lampedusa in the Central Mediterranean Sea. Our analysis reveals that satellite derived products overestimate in situ direct observations of the downwelling short-wave (bias of 6.1 W/m2) and longwave (bias of 6.6 W/m2) irradiances. ERA5 reanalysis data show a negligible positive bias (+1.0 W/m2) for the shortwave irradiance and a large negative bias (−17 W/m2) for the longwave irradiance with respect to in situ observations. ERA5 meteorological variables, which are needed to calculate the air–sea heat flux using bulk formulae, have been compared with in situ measurements made at the oceanographic observatory. The two meteorological datasets show a very good agreement, with some underestimate of the wind speed by ERA5 for high wind conditions. We investigated the impact of different determinations of heat fluxes on the near surface sea temperature (1 m depth), as determined by calculations with a one-dimensional numerical model, the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM). The sensitivity of the model to the different forcing was measured in terms of differences with respect to in situ temperature measurements made during the period under investigation. All simulations reproduced the true seasonal cycle and all high frequency variabilities. The best results on the overall seasonal cycle were obtained when using meteorological variables in the bulk formulae formulations used by the model itself. The derived overall annual net heat flux values were between +1.6 and 40.4 W/m2, depending on the used dataset. The large variability obtained with different datasets suggests that current determinations of the heat flux components and, in particular, of the longwave irradiance, need to be improved. The ENEA oceanographic observatory provides a complete, long-term, high resolution time series of high quality in situ observations. In the future, more similar sites worldwide will be needed for model and satellite validations and to improve the determination of the air–sea exchange and the understanding of related processes.

Fabrication of Polycrystalline Silicon on Glass from Fluorinated Precursors with the Aid of Atomic Hydrogen

1995 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Akasaka ◽  
D. He ◽  
I. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Columnar Grains ◽  
Step Growth

AbstractHigh quality polycrystalline silicon was made on glass from fluorinated precursors by two step growth, i.e., (1) formation of seed crystals on glass by layer-by-layer(LL) technique and (2) grain-growth on the seeds. In LL technique, deposition of ultra-thin films and treatment with atomic hydrogen was repeated alternately. Columnar grains with 200 nm dia were grown epitaxy-like on the seeds by optimizing the deposition parameters under in situ observation with spectroscopic ellipsometry.

Topological insulator bismuth selenide grown on black phosphorus for sensitive broadband photodetection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Kyoung Kim ◽  
Seok-Bo Hong ◽  
Jonghoon Kim ◽  
Mann-Ho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Topological Insulator ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Bismuth Selenide ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Modulated Elemental Reactants ◽  
Elemental Reactants

We investigate a high-quality Bi2Se3/black phosphorus (BP) heterostructure prepared through the modulated elemental reactants (MER, annealed in situ at 220 °C for 20 min under a vacuum of 10−9 Torr)...

Treated sugarcane bagasse for maintenance of sheep in Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
D.M.S.S. Vitti ◽  
N.L. del Mastro ◽  
M.S. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Wool Production

Several treatments for increasing digestibility of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) have been studied in Brazil for many years (Abdalla et al., 1990). Despite some improvements in in situ digestibility obtained with steam and pressure treatments, the SCB has not performed well when given to cattle (Mello Junior, et al., 1989). More recently, irradiation and ammonia has been tested in studies to improve the digestibility of SCB, rice and corn straw, rice and soybean hulls and others rough feed. The purpose of the present experiment was aimed to determine the intake, body weight changes, wool production and microbial synthesis in sheep fed with grass hay (Cynodon dactilon) or SCB treated with 600kGy of radiation and ammonia (20g/kg dry matter (DM)).

A Full-Ocean-Depth Sampler for Hadal Microbes Based on Multistage Membrane Filters With In-Situ Preservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Jiawang Chen ◽  
Weitao He ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Jiasong Fang ◽  
Dahai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Special Structure ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mariana Trench ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
In Situ Preservation ◽  
Microbial Samples ◽  
Flow Pump

Abstract In order to obtain high-quality microbial samples from the hadal zone, which has a depth of over 6,000 m, a full-ocean-depth sampler with the function of in-situ filtration and preservation was developed. A flow pump and several membrane filters were used for in-situ filtration under the sea. With a multistage filtering structure, the microbes can be initially screened according to their sizes. To avoid the degradation of microbial ribonucleic acid (RNA), a special structure was designed to inject the RNAlater solution into the samples immediately after the filtration. The sampler was tested in our laboratory and deployed during Mariana TS-15 in 2019. It was installed on a hadal lander of Shanghai Ocean University and deployed at MBR02 (11.371°N, 142.587°E, 10,931 m) in the Mariana Trench. A total of 20 L of in-situ seawater was filtered, and membranes with pore sizes of 3 and 0.2 μm were preserved. The study is expected to provide important support for the establishment of a hadal microbial gene pool.

High Quality Epitaxial Growth on in-Situ Patterned Inp Substrates

1989 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Temkin ◽  
L. R. Harriott ◽  
J. Weiner ◽  
R. A. Hamm ◽  
M. B. Panish
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Lithography Process ◽  
Luminescence Efficiency ◽  
Surface Steps ◽  
Inp Substrates ◽  
Vacuum Lithography

AbstractWe demonstrate a vacuum lithography process which uses a finely focused Ga ion beam to write the pattern which is then transferred to the InP pattern by low energy dry etching. Surface steps on the order of 1000-2000A in height, and lateral resolution limited only by size of the ion beam, can be efficiently prepared using moderate Ga ion fluences. The surfaces prepared by this process are damage free and suitable for epitaxial overgrowth. GaInAs/InP heterostructures grown on in-situ patterned substrates show excellent morphology and high luminescence efficiency.

scholarly journals Construction of in situ degradation bacteria of corn straw and analysis of its degradation efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujie Gong ◽  
Hongtao Zou ◽  
Chunrong Qian ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Yubo Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Purpose The highly efficient degradation bacteria were selected from the humus from the very cold straw in China for many years to construct the in situ degradation bacteria, and the degradation efficiency of corn straw was determined by process optimization. Methods According to the main components of corn straw, through morphological, physiological, and biochemical screening, three highly efficient complementary degradation strains were selected to construct the compound flora, and the degradation efficiency was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. Result The corn straw selected in this paper is mainly composed of cellulose (31.99%), hemicellulose (25.33%), and lignin (14.67%). Through the determination of enzyme activity, strain Streptomyces sp. G1T has high decomposition ability to cellulose and hemicellulose but weak utilization ability to lignin; strain Streptomyces sp. G2T has the strongest decomposition ability to cellulose and hemicellulose among the three strains. The decomposition ability of strain Streptomyces sp. G3T to lignin was the strongest among the three strains. Therefore, by compounding the three strains, the decomposition ability has been greatly improved. The optimal process conditions obtained by single factor and response surface method are as follows: pH is 7, temperature is 30 °C, inoculation amount is 5%, rotational speed is 210 rpm, and the weight loss rate of straw is 60.55% after decomposing for 7 days. A large amount of degradation of corn straw can be seen by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. Conclusion Streptomyces sp. G1T, Streptomyces sp. G2T, and Streptomyces sp. G3T screened from straw humus in very cold areas were used to construct in situ degradation bacteria, which had good straw degradation activity and had the potential to be used for straw treatment in cold areas after harvest. This characteristic makes the complex bacteria become a strong competitive candidate for industrial production, and it is also an effective biotechnology in line with the current recycling of resources.

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