The characteristics of normal heart sounds recorded by direct methods

1940 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman H. Boyer ◽  
Richard W. Eckstein ◽  
Carl J. Wiggers
Keyword(s):  
Direct Methods ◽  
Heart Sounds ◽  
Normal Heart

Durations and intervals of normal heart sounds in man

1971 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aravanis ◽  
L. Feigen ◽  
A.A. Luisada
Keyword(s):  
Heart Sounds ◽  
Normal Heart

The graphic registration of the normal heart sounds

1942 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice B. Rappaport ◽  
Howard B. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Heart Sounds ◽  
Normal Heart

scholarly journals THE DURATION OF NORMAL HEART SOUNDS

Heart ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Luisada ◽  
F. Mendoza ◽  
M. M. Alimurung
Keyword(s):  
Heart Sounds ◽  
Normal Heart

scholarly journals Wavelet Packet Entropy for Heart Murmurs Classification

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Safara ◽  
Shyamala Doraisamy ◽  
Azreen Azman ◽  
Azrul Jantan ◽  
Sri Ranga
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Heart Sound ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Heart Sounds ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Audio Features ◽  
Heart Murmurs

Heart murmurs are the first signs of cardiac valve disorders. Several studies have been conducted in recent years to automatically differentiate normal heart sounds, from heart sounds with murmurs using various types of audio features. Entropy was successfully used as a feature to distinguish different heart sounds. In this paper, new entropy was introduced to analyze heart sounds and the feasibility of using this entropy in classification of five types of heart sounds and murmurs was shown. The entropy was previously introduced to analyze mammograms. Four common murmurs were considered including aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis, and mitral stenosis. Wavelet packet transform was employed for heart sound analysis, and the entropy was calculated for deriving feature vectors. Five types of classification were performed to evaluate the discriminatory power of the generated features. The best results were achieved by BayesNet with 96.94% accuracy. The promising results substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed wavelet packet entropy for heart sounds classification.

Role of the Valves in the Genesis of Normal Heart Sounds

Cardiology ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Bogaert
Keyword(s):  
Heart Sounds ◽  
Normal Heart
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