Author(s):  
Melike DEDE ◽  
Harun AKKUS

In this study, the point groups 𝐷2𝑑 and 𝐶3𝑖 which belong to tetragonal and trigonal crystal systems, respectively, are handled under the class sum approach. Symmetry groups were formed with symmetry elements that left these point groups unchanged and Cayley tables of related groups were obtained. Using these tables, the conjugates of the elements and the classes of the group were formed. Secular equations are written for each class sum obtained by the sum of the elements that make up the class. By solving these secular equations, the character vectors are obtained. Thus, the character tables were reconstructed with the calculated characters for both point groups under the class sum approach.


The construction of the symmetry groups is described for the regular complexes that tessellate S 2 and S 3 . For S 3 these groups are four-dimensional point groups, and they are described in this paper both in terms of their presentations and as subgroups of products of the binary polyhedral groups. The second description is used to obtain the irreducible representations of the symmetry groups; the character tables are also given.


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