Long range high-gamma (60-90 Hz) coupling between primary motor cortex and SMA during motor control revealed by MEG source imaging

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S173
Author(s):  
K Jerbi ◽  
H Hui ◽  
D Pantazis ◽  
J-P Lachaux ◽  
O Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
High Gamma

scholarly journals Coherent neural representation of hand speed in humans revealed by MEG imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (18) ◽  
pp. 7676-7681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Jerbi ◽  
Jean-Philippe Lachaux ◽  
Karim N′Diaye ◽  
Dimitrios Pantazis ◽  
Richard M. Leahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Source Imaging

The spiking activity of single neurons in the primate motor cortex is correlated with various limb movement parameters, including velocity. Recent findings obtained using local field potentials suggest that hand speed may also be encoded in the summed activity of neuronal populations. At this macroscopic level, the motor cortex has also been shown to display synchronized rhythmic activity modulated by motor behavior. Yet whether and how neural oscillations might be related to limb speed control is still poorly understood. Here, we applied magnetoencephalography (MEG) source imaging to the ongoing brain activity in subjects performing a continuous visuomotor (VM) task. We used coherence and phase synchronization to investigate the coupling between the estimated activity throughout the brain and the simultaneously recorded instantaneous hand speed. We found significant phase locking between slow (2- to 5-Hz) oscillatory activity in the contralateral primary motor cortex and time-varying hand speed. In addition, we report long-range task-related coupling between primary motor cortex and multiple brain regions in the same frequency band. The detected large-scale VM network spans several cortical and subcortical areas, including structures of the frontoparietal circuit and the cerebello–thalamo–cortical pathway. These findings suggest a role for slow coherent oscillations in mediating neural representations of hand kinematics in humans and provide further support for the putative role of long-range neural synchronization in large-scale VM integration. Our findings are discussed in the context of corticomotor communication, distributed motor encoding, and possible implications for brain–machine interfaces.

Motor control: spinal and cortical mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Burke
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Spinal Reflex ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Spinal Level ◽  
Corticospinal System ◽  
The Brain

There is extensive machinery at cerebral and spinal levels to support voluntary movement, but spinal mechanisms are often ignored by clinicians and researchers. For movements of the upper and lower limbs, what the brain commands can be modified or even suppressed completely at spinal level. The corticospinal system is the executive pathway for movement arising largely from primary motor cortex, but movement is not initiated there, and other pathways normally contribute to movement. Greater use of these pathways can allow movement to be restored when the corticospinal system is damaged by, e.g. stroke, but there can be unwanted consequences of this ‘plasticity’. There is an extensive literature on cerebral mechanisms in the control of movement, and an equally large literature on spinal reflex function and the changes that occur during movement, and when pathology results in weakness and/or spasticity.

Functional Properties of Human Primary Motor Cortex Gamma Oscillations

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 2873-2885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Finger Movement ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Repetitive Movement ◽  
Somatosensory Feedback ◽  
Muscle Shortening ◽  
Kinematic Properties

Gamma oscillations in human primary motor cortex (M1) have been described in human electrocorticographic and noninvasive magnetoencephalographic (MEG)/electroencephalographic recordings, yet their functional significance within the sensorimotor system remains unknown. In a set of four MEG experiments described here a number of properties of these oscillations are elucidated. First, gamma oscillations were reliably localized by MEG in M1 and reached peak amplitude 137 ms after electromyographic onset and were not affected by whether movements were cued or self-paced. Gamma oscillations were found to be stronger for larger movements but were absent during the sustained part of isometric movements, with no finger movement or muscle shortening. During repetitive movement sequences gamma oscillations were greater for the first movement of a sequence. Finally, gamma oscillations were absent during passive shortening of the finger compared with active contractions sharing similar kinematic properties demonstrating that M1 oscillations are not simply related to somatosensory feedback. This combined pattern of results is consistent with gamma oscillations playing a role in a relatively late stage of motor control, encoding information related to limb movement rather than to muscle contraction.

Redundant information encoding in primary motor cortex during natural and prosthetic motor control

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin So ◽  
Karunesh Ganguly ◽  
Jessica Jimenez ◽  
Michael C. Gastpar ◽  
Jose M. Carmena
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Redundant Information ◽  
Information Encoding

scholarly journals Mapping human laryngeal motor cortex during vocalization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Eichert ◽  
Daniel Papp ◽  
Rogier B. Mars ◽  
Kate E. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Human Larynx ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Quantitative Neuroimaging ◽  
Hand Area

AbstractThe representations of the articulators involved in human speech production are organized somatotopically in primary motor cortex. The neural representation of the larynx, however, remains debated. Both a dorsal and a ventral larynx representation have been previously described. It is unknown, however, whether both representations are located in primary motor cortex. Here, we mapped the motor representations of the human larynx using fMRI and characterized the cortical microstructure underlying the activated regions. We isolated brain activity related to laryngeal activity during vocalization while controlling for breathing. We also mapped the articulators (the lips and tongue) and the hand area. We found two separate activations during vocalization – a dorsal and a ventral larynx representation. Structural and quantitative neuroimaging revealed that myelin content and cortical thickness underlying the dorsal, but not the ventral larynx representation, are similar to those of other primary motor representations. This finding confirms that the dorsal larynx representation is located in primary motor cortex and that the ventral one is not. We further speculate that the location of the ventral larynx representation is in premotor cortex, as seen in other primates. It remains unclear, however, whether and how these two representations differentially contribute to laryngeal motor control.

scholarly journals Developmental “awakening” of primary motor cortex to the sensory consequences of movement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Dooley ◽  
Mark S. Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cuneate Nucleus ◽  
Somatosensory Area ◽  
External Cuneate Nucleus ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Rapid Shift

ABSTRACTBefore primary motor cortex (M1) develops its motor functions, it functions like a somatosensory area. Here, by recording from neurons in the forelimb representation of M1 in postnatal day (P) 8-12 rats, we demonstrate a rapid shift in its sensory responses. At P8-10, M1 neurons respond overwhelmingly to feedback from sleep-related twitches of the forelimb, but the same neurons do not respond to wake-related movements. By P12, M1 neurons suddenly respond to wake movements, a transition that results from opening the sensory gate in the external cuneate nucleus. Also at P12, few M1 neurons respond to twitches, but the full complement of twitch-related feedback observed at P8 can be unmasked through local disinhibition. Finally, through P12, M1 sensory responses originate in the deep thalamorecipient layers, not primary somatosensory cortex. These findings demonstrate that M1 initially establishes a sensory framework upon which its later-emerging role in motor control is built.

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