The effect of an indirect anthelmintic treatment on parasites and breeding success of free-living pheasantsPhasianus colchicus

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A.H. Draycott ◽  
M.I.A. Woodburn ◽  
D.E. Ling ◽  
R.B. Sage
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Parasitic Worm ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Syngamus Trachea

AbstractIn Great Britain free-living common pheasantsPhasianus colchicusare often managed at high densities owing to their popularity as a quarry species. They are prone to infection by a range of parasite species includingHeterakis gallinarum,Capillariaspp. andSyngamus trachea. In 1995 the efficacy of an indirect anthelmintic technique for controlling parasitic worm burdens of pheasants was determined in a pilot study on a shooting estate in the south of England. Between 2000 and 2003 a large-scale field experiment was conducted on nine estates in eastern England to determine the effect of the technique on parasite burden and pheasant breeding success. In the absence of anthelmintic treatment worm burdens increased rapidly through March and April, whereas birds given anthelmintic-treated grain had lower worm burdens during the same period. The breeding success of pheasants was significantly higher on plots provided with anthelmintic treatment, although no long-term increases in population densities were observed. The burdens of the most common parasiteH. gallinarumwere significantly lower in pheasants from treatment plots six weeks after the anthelmintic treatment had ceased, but spring treatment did not influence parasite burden in the following winter.

scholarly journals Reconstructing solar magnetic fields from historical observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. A11
Author(s):  
I. O. I. Virtanen ◽  
I. I. Virtanen ◽  
A. A. Pevtsov ◽  
L. Bertello ◽  
A. Yeates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Photospheric Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Magnetic Fields ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Large Scale Field

Aims. The evolution of the photospheric magnetic field has only been regularly observed since the 1970s. The absence of earlier observations severely limits our ability to understand the long-term evolution of solar magnetic fields, especially the polar fields that are important drivers of space weather. Here, we test the possibility to reconstruct the large-scale solar magnetic fields from Ca II K line observations and sunspot magnetic field observations, and to create synoptic maps of the photospheric magnetic field for times before modern-time magnetographic observations. Methods. We reconstructed active regions from Ca II K line synoptic maps and assigned them magnetic polarities using sunspot magnetic field observations. We used the reconstructed active regions as input in a surface flux transport simulation to produce synoptic maps of the photospheric magnetic field. We compared the simulated field with the observed field in 1975−1985 in order to test and validate our method. Results. The reconstruction very accurately reproduces the long-term evolution of the large-scale field, including the poleward flux surges and the strength of polar fields. The reconstruction has slightly less emerging flux because a few weak active regions are missing, but it includes the large active regions that are the most important for the large-scale evolution of the field. Although our reconstruction method is very robust, individual reconstructed active regions may be slightly inaccurate in terms of area, total flux, or polarity, which leads to some uncertainty in the simulation. However, due to the randomness of these inaccuracies and the lack of long-term memory in the simulation, these problems do not significantly affect the long-term evolution of the large-scale field.

Large scale field trials of a soluble glass zinc, cobalt and selenium bolus given to sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 209-209
Author(s):  
N.R. Kendall ◽  
A.M. Mackenzie ◽  
D.V. Illingworth ◽  
D.W. Jackson ◽  
P.M. Driver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

Many sheep in the United Kingdom are grazed on pastures deficient in cobalt and selenium. Proprietary products for selenium and cobalt supplementation often contain copper, which in certain breeds can induce copper toxicity. A soluble glass bolus has been manufactured to supply long term sustained release of cobalt and selenium similar to the commercially available Cosecure, but with the copper content being replaced by zinc. Sub clinical zinc deficiency has been suggested to be involved in disease conditions such as broken mouth periodontitis, footrot and mastitis. Therefore a long term continuous supply of zinc may be beneficial in these situations. This trial was designed to examine the effect of administering a zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus on trace element status of over-wintered ewe lambs.

Prospects of Biodiversity in Herbicide-Resistant Crops

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesine Schütte
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Farming Practice ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Vegetation Surveys

Long-term and large-scale field tests with different weed control methods and agricultural vegetation surveys provide an appropriate tool for an evaluation of the effects on biodiversity of different weed control strategies. In this paper, the toxicological effects, amounts and frequencies of applications, and changes in farming practice are described and compared. The test results are discussed in relation to the question of whether environmental benefits can be achieved by the herbicide-resistance technique. Cropping history and the absence of beneficial plant species invading from the vicinity often override the effects of actual farming practice. Thus long-term strategies are necessary in order to increase biodiversity.

Long-term performance of glass-powder concrete in large-scale field applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Omran ◽  
Etienne D.-Morin ◽  
David Harbec ◽  
Arezki Tagnit-Hamou
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

scholarly journals Effects of national ecological restoration projects on carbon sequestration in China from 2001 to 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (16) ◽  
pp. 4039-4044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Lu ◽  
Huifeng Hu ◽  
Wenjuan Sun ◽  
Jiaojun Zhu ◽  
Guobin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

The long-term stressful utilization of forests and grasslands has led to ecosystem degradation and C loss. Since the late 1970s China has launched six key national ecological restoration projects to protect its environment and restore degraded ecosystems. Here, we conducted a large-scale field investigation and a literature survey of biomass and soil C in China’s forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems across the regions where the six projects were implemented (∼16% of the country’s land area). We investigated the changes in the C stocks of these ecosystems to evaluate the contributions of the projects to the country’s C sink between 2001 and 2010. Over this decade, we estimated that the total annual C sink in the project region was 132 Tg C per y (1 Tg = 1012 g), over half of which (74 Tg C per y, 56%) was attributed to the implementation of the projects. Our results demonstrate that these restoration projects have substantially contributed to CO2 mitigation in China.

Large scale field trials of a soluble glass zinc, cobalt and selenium bolus given to sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 209-209
Author(s):  
N.R. Kendall ◽  
A.M. Mackenzie ◽  
D.V. Illingworth ◽  
D.W. Jackson ◽  
P.M. Driver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

Many sheep in the United Kingdom are grazed on pastures deficient in cobalt and selenium. Proprietary products for selenium and cobalt supplementation often contain copper, which in certain breeds can induce copper toxicity. A soluble glass bolus has been manufactured to supply long term sustained release of cobalt and selenium similar to the commercially available Cosecure, but with the copper content being replaced by zinc. Sub clinical zinc deficiency has been suggested to be involved in disease conditions such as broken mouth periodontitis, footrot and mastitis. Therefore a long term continuous supply of zinc may be beneficial in these situations. This trial was designed to examine the effect of administering a zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus on trace element status of over-wintered ewe lambs.

scholarly journals Users’ Perception And Reported Effects Of Long-term Access To In-Vehicle Traffic Information Services Mediated Through Nomadic Devices

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Tor Skoglund ◽  
Pontus Wallgren ◽  
MariAnne Karlsson ◽  
Stig Franzén
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Operational Test ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Field Operational Test ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
The Times

Abstract ICT-mediated traffic information has been argued to contribute to a more sustainable transport system through affecting drivers. Nevertheless, long-term effects of travellers having access to nomadic in-vehicle systems for traveller information are not well known. This study presents the results from a multi-national large-scale field operational test (FOT). The results show that the users in general were positive to the tested systems and that there were several effects on their driving behaviour but in many cases the effects were limited. Moreover the effects varied between system types. Positive effects were related to comfort, as well as individual and system efficiency. One could also notice that perceived effects were not as high as the participants had expected, leading to some disappointment. Most of the times this was due to the tested systems functioning in a less than optimal way.

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