scholarly journals “Hold infinity in the palm of your hand.” A functional description of time expressions through fingers based on Chinese Sign Language naturalistic data

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Hao Lin ◽  
Yan Gu

Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between fingers and time representations in naturalistic Chinese Sign Language (CSL). Based on a CSL Corpus (Shanghai Variant, 2016–), we offer a thorough description of finger configurations for time expressions from 63 deaf signers, including three main types: digital, numeral incorporation, and points-to-fingers. The former two were further divided into vertical and horizontal fingers according to the orientation of fingertips. The results showed that there were interconnections between finger representations, numbers, ordering, and time in CSL. Vertical fingers were mainly used to quantify time units, whereas horizontal fingers were mostly used for sequencing or ordering events, and their forms could be influenced by Chinese number characters and the vertical writing direction. Furthermore, the use of points-to-fingers (e.g., pointing to the thumb, index, or little finger) formed temporal connectives in CSL and could be patterned to put a conversation in order. Additionally, CSL adopted similar linguistic forms in sequential time and adverbs of reason (e.g., cause and effect: events that happened earlier and events that happen later). Such a cause-and-effect relationship was a special type of temporal sequence. In conclusion, fingers are essential for time representation in CSL and their forms are biologically and culturally shaped.

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Alfred Morry Bachman

The relationship between mathematics self-concept and mathematics achievement was investigated with a sample of 404 seventh-grade students in the Portland, Oregon, Public Schools. Correlations were obtained using the Pearson product-moment coefficient, for several measures of self-concept of ability and mathematics achievement.A significant relationship was found between self-concept of ability in mathematics and mathematics achievement. For the specific self-concept measures used, mathematics self-concept was found to be the best predictor of mathematics achievement.The results suggest needed research on the question whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between a student's self-concept of his ability to do mathematics and his achievement. In particular, will a change in self-concept (higher) result in a corresponding change in achievement?


1992 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Micklewright

This paper is an examination of the relationship between the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1838 and the transformation in Ottoman women's dress which took place during the nineteenth century. Until now, there has been a tendency to assume a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the Anglo-Turkish Convention and other economic treaties of the period, and fashion. The argument has been that the substantial increase in the volume of imported textiles and other goods led to a change in clothing styles, and indeed to changes in Ottoman taste generally, but my study of Ottoman women's dress indicates that the situation was much more complex. It is clear that the transformation in dress was well under way by the time of the Anglo-Turkish Convention, proceeding at its own rate, tied to events other than the treaty. In this context, fashion represents one of a whole complex of components of culture which, although affected by economic developments, are primarily social phenomena. Examining an area such as fashion (or painting or theater, for instance) will lead to a richer understanding of the period of the Anglo-Turkish Convention.


2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Al-Mohammedi ◽  
Gillian C. de Cannes ◽  
Richard I. Crawford

Background: Pagetoid dyskeratosis (PD) is characterized by pale cells within the epidermis resembling those of Paget disease. These cells have been seen as an incidental finding in a variety of benign papules most commonly located in intertriginous areas. The lesion is considered a reactive process in which a small proportion of the normal population of keratinocytes is altered. Among the triggers for this lesion, friction has been suggested; however, a direct cause-and-effect relationship has not yet been reported. Results: We confirmed the relationship between PD and friction in a biopsy taken from a 19-year-old woman who presented with clinical features indicating exogenously induced bullae and erosions and consented to a biopsy of a lesion immediately after its induction, demonstrating combined features of PD and friction bulla.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Andrade

Students without prior research experience may not know how to conceptualize and design a study. This article explains how an understanding of the classification and operationalization of variables is the key to the process. Variables describe aspects of the sample that is under study; they are so called because they vary in value from subject to subject in the sample. Variables may be independent or dependent. Independent variables influence the value of other variables; dependent variables are influenced in value by other variables. A hypothesis states an expected relationship between variables. A significant relationship between an independent and dependent variable does not prove cause and effect; the relationship may partly or wholly be explained by one or more confounding variables. Variables need to be operationalized; that is, defined in a way that permits their accurate measurement. These and other concepts are explained with the help of clinically relevant examples.


1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Sandler

In natural communication, the medium through which language is transmitted plays an important and systematic role. Sentences are broken up rhythmically into chunks; certain elements receive special stress; and, in spoken language, intonational tunes are superimposed onto these chunks in particular ways — all resulting in an intricate system of prosody. Investigations of prosody in Israeli Sign Language demonstrate that sign languages have comparable prosodic systems to those of spoken languages, although the phonetic medium is completely different. Evidence for the prosodic word and for the phonological phrase in ISL is examined here within the context of the relationship between the medium and the message. New evidence is offered to support the claim that facial expression in sign languages corresponds to intonation in spoken languages, and the term “superarticulation” is coined to describe this system in sign languages. Interesting formaldiffer ences between the intonationaltunes of spoken language and the “superarticulatory arrays” of sign language are shown to offer a new perspective on the relation between the phonetic basis of language, its phonological organization, and its communicative content.


2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Uysalol ◽  
Levent Cem Mutlu ◽  
Gamze Varol Saracoglu ◽  
Erkut Karasu ◽  
Savas Guzel ◽  
...  

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. R884-R887
Author(s):  
N. Helm-Estabrooks

It is understood that damage to the left cerebral hemisphere in adulthood may result in syndromes of language disturbances called the aphasias. The study of these syndromes sheds light on normal language processes, the relationship between language behavior and the brain, and how best to treat aphasic individuals. Aphasia, for some, is a central communication disorder affecting all symbolic behavior in all modalities (i.e., speech, writing, and gesture). Difficulty producing symbolic gestures on command is called apraxia. Others view aphasia as a manifestation of a motor-sequencing disorder affecting all gestural systems including those required for speech movements. These divergent theories of the underlying nature of aphasia can be tested through examination of deaf individuals who use sign language before onset of aphasia. Poizner et al. [Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 15): R868-R883, 1984] studied three such patients with different aphasia syndromes: one patient had a nonsymbolic, motor-sequencing disorder; one had a gestural apraxia; and one had neither. These findings force the conclusion that neither the symbolic nor motor-sequencing theory of aphasia can account for the many varieties of that disorder.


2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T.U. Barone ◽  
Luiz Menna-Barreto

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-865

Two patients are reported in whom there was an association between the occurrence of optic neuritis with atrophy and the administration of isoniazid for the treatment of tuberculosis. Although a cause and effect relationship was not established, discontinuation of isoniazid therapy in one patient was followed by gradual improvement of the eye lesions. The authors assume that the optic lesions were neurotoxic effects of isoniazid and recommend that pyridoxine be given daily for prophylaxis.


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