scholarly journals Dietary flavanol intervention lowers the levels of endothelial microparticles in coronary artery disease patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Horn ◽  
Nicolas Amabile ◽  
Franca S. Angeli ◽  
Roberto Sansone ◽  
Berthold Stegemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Endothelial Microparticles ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Endothelial Integrity

Current evidence suggests that regenerative v. degenerative endothelial responses can be integrated in a clinical endothelial phenotype, reflecting the net result between damage from risk factors and endogenous repair capacity. We have previously shown that a cocoa flavanol (CF) intervention can improve endothelial function and increase the regenerative capacity of the endothelium by mobilising circulating angiogenic cells in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CF can lower the levels of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMP), markers of endothelial integrity, along with improvements in endothelial function. The levels of EMP in the frozen plasma samples of CAD patients were measured along with endothelial function (flow-mediated vasodilation, FMD); n 16, FMD data published previously), and these data were compared with those of young (n 12) and age-matched (n 12) healthy control subjects. The CAD patients exhibited significantly increased levels of EMP along with impaired FMD when compared with the healthy control subjects. The levels of CD144+ and CD31+/41− EMP were inversely correlated with FMD (r − 0·67, P= 0·01 and r − 0·59, P= 0·01, respectively). In these CAD patients, the levels of EMP were measured after they had consumed a drink containing 375 mg of CF (high-CF intervention, HiFI) or 9 mg of CF (macro- and micronutrient-matched low-CF control, LoFl) twice daily over a 30-d period in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over study. After 1 month of HiFI, the levels of CD31+/41− and CD144+ EMP decreased ( − 25 and − 23 %, respectively), but not after LoFl. Our data show that flavanols lower the levels of EMP along with higher endothelial function, lending evidence to the novel concept that flavanols may improve endothelial integrity.

Osteoprotegerin and Osteopontin Serum Levels are Associated with Vascular Function and Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Maniatis ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Manolis Vavuranakis ◽  
Marina Zaromytidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Stable Cad

Background: Osteoprotegerin and osteopontin have recently emerged as key factors in both vascular remodelling and atherosclerosis progression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine with a key role in atherosclerosis. The relationship of osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, and IL-6 serum levels with endothelial function and arterial stiffness was evaluated in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We enrolled 219 patients with stable CAD and 112 control subjects. Osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 serum levels were measured using an ELISA assay. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness. Results: There was no significant difference between control subjects and CAD patients according to age and sex. Compared with control subjects, CAD patients had significantly impaired FMD (p<0.001) and increased PWV (p=0.009). CAD patients also had significantly higher levels of osteoprotegerin (p<0.001), osteopontin (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p=0.03), compared with control subjects. Moreover, IL-6 levels were correlated with osteoprotegerin (r=0.17, p=0.01) and osteopontin (r=0.30, p<0.001) levels. FMD was correlated with osteoprotegerin levels independent of possible confounders [b coefficient= - 0.79, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.05), p=0.04]. Conclusion: CAD patients have increased osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 levels. Moreover, there is a consistent association between osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels, vascular function and inflammation in CAD patients. These findings suggest another possible mechanism linking osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels with CAD progression through arterial wall stiffening and inflammation.

Abstract 20478: Circulating Inflammatory Potential Measured by an Endothelial Biosensor Assay in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Cung ◽  
Joe Anderson ◽  
James Nawarskas ◽  
Matthew Campen
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Vascular disease is driven by systemic inflammation that can arise from sites distal to the affected coronary or cerebral vessels. The objective of this study is to characterize the inflammatory potential of serum from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) using cultured endothelial cells as a biosensor of the circulating milieu. Methods: Serum samples from CAD patients (N=48) and healthy control subjects (N=50) were incubated with primary human coronary artery endothelial cells at a 1:10 dilution for 4h, following by isolation of the cellular RNA. Alteration of inflammation-responsive elements (adhesion molecules and cytokines) was assessed on a gene expression level. Specific indicators included intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Additionally, the serum samples from the CAD patients and healthy individuals were quantitatively analyzed for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α using an electrochemical luminescence platform. Results: For the CAD subjects’ serum, the mean values of ICAM, VCAM, and IL-8 expression were all elevated compared to healthy control subjects (p<0.001 for each by Students T-test). Correlational analysis revealed the three indicators (ICAM, VCAM, and IL-8) to be independent of each other and also other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein. IL-8 expression was negatively correlated with serum HDL levels but positively correlated with body fat composition. Interestingly, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in CAD patients were not statistically different from healthy control subjects. Conclusions: As yet uncharacterized circulating factors in the serum of CAD patients appear to activate endothelial cells. This assay paradigm performed well in terms of discriminating patients with CAD compared to healthy subjects, with greater range and specificity than specific inflammatory markers.

scholarly journals Xinkeshu Improves Endothelial Function and Augments Reendothelialization Capacity in Coronary Artery Disease with Anxiety/Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jiapan Sun ◽  
Meiling Zhou ◽  
Guanghui Lv ◽  
Wenling Li ◽  
Yuanya Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Endothelial Homeostasis ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The disruption of endothelial homeostasis is the hallmark of coronary artery disease (CAD) and psychological disorders such as anxiety/depression. Xinkeshu (XKS), a traditional Chinese patent medicine, plays an essential role in CAD and psychological condition; however, the mechanisms underlying the effects of XKS on the endothelial function and endogenous endothelium-repair capacity in CAD patients with anxiety/depression remain elusive. In this study, endothelial function and endothelial progenitor cell- (EPC-) mediated reendothelialization capacity were compared among age-matched healthy subjects, CAD patients with or without anxiety/depression. Besides, CAD patients with anxiety/depression received 1-month XKS treatment. Anxiety/depression symptoms were evaluated by Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7)/Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score, endothelial function was tested by flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement, and EPC-mediated reendothelialization capacity was evaluated by a carotid artery injury model in nude mouse ( n = 6 ) with the injection of XKS-incubated EPCs from CAD patients with anxiety/depression. The results showed that FMD and EPC-mediated reendothelialization capacity of CAD patients with anxiety/depression were compromised compared to healthy subjects and CAD patients without anxiety/depression. After 1 month of XKS treatment, FMD increased from 4.29 ± 1.65 to 4.87 ± 1.58 % ( P < 0.05 ) in CAD patients with anxiety/depression, whereas it remained unchanged in the controls. Moreover, XKS decreased GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores. Meanwhile, incubating XKS enhanced in vivo reendothelialization capacity and in vitro apoptosis of EPCs from CAD patients with anxiety/depression, which was associated with the upregulation of CXC-chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) and inhibition of phosphorylation of p38 signaling. CXCR7 knockdown abolished the beneficial effects of XKS, which was rescued by p38 inhibitor SB203580. Our data demonstrate for the first time that XKS improves endothelial function and enhances EPC-mediated reendothelialization through CXCR7/p38/cleaved casepase-3 signaling and provides novel insight into the detailed mechanism of XKS in maintaining endothelial homeostasis in CAD patients with anxiety/depression.

Exercise training improves conduit vessel function in patients with coronary artery disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Walsh ◽  
William Bilsborough ◽  
Andrew Maiorana ◽  
Matthew Best ◽  
Gerard J. O'Driscoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Vascular Ultrasonography ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Routine Therapy ◽  
Conduit Vessel

It is well established that endothelial dysfunction is present in coronary artery disease (CAD), although few studies have determined the effect of training on peripheral conduit vessel function in patients with CAD. A randomized, crossover design determined the effect of 8 wk of predominantly lower limb, combined aerobic and resistance training, in 10 patients with treated CAD. Endothelium-dependent dilation of the brachial artery was determined, by using high-resolution vascular ultrasonography, from flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) after ischemia. Endothelium-independent vasodilation was measured after administration of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). Baseline function was compared with that of 10 control subjects. Compared with matched healthy control subjects, FMD and GTN responses were significantly impaired in the untrained CAD patients [3.0 ± 0.8 (SE) vs. 5.8 ± 0.8% and 14.5 ± 1.9 vs. 20.4 ± 1.5%, respectively; both P < 0.05]. Training significantly improved FMD in the CAD patients (from 3.0 ± 0.8 to 5.7 ± 1.1%; P < 0.05) but not responsiveness to GTN (14.5 ± 1.9 vs. 12.1 ± 1.4%; P = not significant). Exercise training improves endothelium-dependent conduit vessel dilation in subjects with CAD, and the effect, evident in the brachial artery, appears to be generalized rather than limited to vessels of exercising muscle beds. These results provide evidence for the benefit of exercise training, as an adjunct to routine therapy, in patients with a history of CAD.

scholarly journals Comparison of Arterial Stiffness Parameters in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus Using Arteriograph

2014 ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
Z. LENKEY ◽  
M. ILLYÉS ◽  
R. BÖCSKEI ◽  
R. HUSZNAI ◽  
Z. SÁRSZEGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Artery Disease

Recently an expert consensus document advised to standardize user procedures and a new cut-off value for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in daily practice. Our aim was to observe aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) and augmentation index (AIXao) in two high cardiovascular risk groups: patients with verified coronary artery disease (CAD) or with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We also aimed to determine the cut-off values for PWVao, AIXao in CAD and T2DM patients using oscillometric device (Arteriograph). We investigated 186 CAD and 152 T2DM patients. PWVao and AIXao increased significantly in the CAD group compared to the age-, gender-, blood pressure-, and heart rate-matched control group (10.2±2.3 vs. 9.3±1.5 m/s; p<0.001 and 34.9±14.6 vs. 31.9±12.8 %; p<0.05, respectively). When compared to the apparently healthy control subjects, T2DM patients had significantly elevated PWVao (9.7±1.7 vs. 9.3±1.5 m/s; p<0.05, respectively), however the AIXao did not differ significantly. The ROC-curves of CAD and healthy control subjects explored cut-off values of 10.2 m/s for PWVao and 33.23 % for AIXao. Our data provide supporting evidence about impaired arterial stiffness parameters in CAD and T2DM. Our findings encourage the implementation of arterial stiffness measurements by oscillometric method in daily clinical routine.

scholarly journals Detection of CirculatingChlamydophila pneumoniaein Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Healthy Control Subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Klizas West ◽  
Sue J. Kohlhepp ◽  
Ruyun Jin ◽  
Curt A. Gleaves ◽  
Walter Stamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Artery Disease

Coronary Artery Disease and Endothelial Dysfunction: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1052-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Vasiliki Tsigkou ◽  
Evanthia Bletsa ◽  
Maria-Evi Panoilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cardiovascular Prognosis ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most common pathophysiologic substrate is atherosclerosis which is an inflammatory procedure that starts at childhood and develops throughout life. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and is characterized by the impaired production of nitric oxide. In general, endothelial dysfunction is linked to poor cardiovascular prognosis and different methods, both invasive and non-invasive, have been developed for its evaluation. Ultrasound evaluation of flow mediated dilatation of the branchial artery is the most commonly used method to assessed endothelial function while intracoronary administration of vasoactive agents may be also be used to test directly endothelial properties of the coronary vasculature. Endothelial dysfunction has also been the subject of therapeutic interventions. This review article summarizes the knowledge about evaluation of endothelial function in acute coronary syndromes and stable coronary artery disease and demonstrates the current therapeutic approaches against endothelial dysfunction.

Gender Differences in Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bergami ◽  
Marialuisa Scarpone ◽  
Edina Cenko ◽  
Elisa Varotti ◽  
Peter Louis Amaduzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Artery Disease

: Subjects affected by ischemic heart disease with non-obstructive coronary arteries constitute a population that has received increasing attention over the past two decades. Since the first studies with coronary angiography, female patients have been reported to have non-obstructive coronary artery disease more frequently than their male counterparts, both in stable and acute clinical settings. Although traditionally considered a relatively infrequent and low-risk form of myocardial ischemia, its impact on clinical practice is undeniable, especially when it comes to infarction, where the prognosis is not as benign as previously assumed. Unfortunately, despite increasing awareness, there are still several questions left unanswered regarding diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment. The purpose of this review is to provide a state of the art and an update on current evidence available on gender differences in clinical characteristics, management and prognosis of ischemic heart disease with non-obstructive coronary arteries, both in the acute and stable clinical setting.

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are related to improved systemic endothelial function in coronary artery disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko J Järvisalo ◽  
Jyri O Toikka ◽  
Tommi Vasankari ◽  
Jorma Mikkola ◽  
Jorma S.A Viikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Coa Reductase
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