scholarly journals Serum betaine is inversely associated with low lean mass mainly in men in a Chinese middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling population

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 2181-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi-xia Huang ◽  
Ying-ying Zhu ◽  
Xu-ying Tan ◽  
Qiu-ye Lan ◽  
Chun-lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that betaine supplements increase lean body mass in livestock and improve muscle performance in human beings, but evidence for its effect on human lean mass is limited. Our study assessed the association of circulating betaine with lean mass and its composition in Chinese adults. A community-based study was conducted on 1996 Guangzhou residents (weight/mass: 1381/615) aged 50–75 years between 2008 and 2010. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect general baseline information. Fasting serum betaine was assessed using HPLC-MS. A total of 1590 participants completed the body composition analysis performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry during a mean of 3·2 years of follow-up. After adjustment for age, regression analyses demonstrated a positive association of serum betaine with percentage of lean mass (LM%) of the entire body, trunk and limbs in men (all P<0·05) and LM% of the trunk in women (P=0·016). Each sd increase in serum betaine was associated with increases in LM% of 0·609 (whole body), 0·811 (trunk), 0·422 (limbs), 0·632 (arms) and 0·346 (legs) in men and 0·350 (trunk) in women. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the prevalence of lower LM% decreased by 17 % (whole body) and 14 % (trunk) in women and 23 % (whole body), 28 % (trunk), 22 % (arms) and 26 % (percentage skeletal muscle index) in men with each sd increment in serum betaine. Elevated circulating betaine was associated with a higher LM% and lower prevalence of lower LM% in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, particularly men.

scholarly journals Relationships between body composition and pulmonary function in a community-dwelling population in Japan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242308
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Kawabata ◽  
Yuki Soma ◽  
Yutaro Kudo ◽  
Junichi Yokoyama ◽  
Hiroyasu Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
The Relationship

Pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are major chronic diseases that result in decreased pulmonary function. Relationships between body composition and pulmonary function have been reported. However, few epidemiological studies have used the visceral fat area (VFA) to measure body composition. This study aimed to examine the relationship between body composition and pulmonary function. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2015 and 2016, using data obtained from 1,287 residents aged between 19 and 91 years living in the Iwaki area of Hirosaki City, a rural region in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Pulmonary function was evaluated using the forced vital capacity (FVC) as a percentage of the predicted value (predicted FVC%) and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to FVC. The measurements for evaluating body composition included the body fat percentage (BFP) of the whole body and trunk, skeletal muscle index (SMI), body mass index (BMI), VFA, waist circumference (WC) at the navel level, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). To adjust for potential confounders, Spearman’s partial correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between the measurements of body composition and pulmonary function. There were significant correlations between the predicted FVC% and the following parameters: BFP (whole body and trunk) in younger males; SMI in older males; WC, VFA, BMI, and SMI in younger females; and BFP (whole body and trunk) and VFA in older females. Contrastingly, WC and VFA in younger males and WC in younger females were correlated with the FEV1/FVC ratio. VFA was correlated with the FEV1/FVC ratio in younger males and predicted FVC% in older females. These findings suggest that visceral fat accumulation may increase the development of obstructive pulmonary disease in young males and accelerate the decline of pulmonary function (predicted FVC%) in older females.

scholarly journals The longitudinal associations between bone mineral density and appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Chinese community-dwelling middle aged and elderly men

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10753
Author(s):  
Xuejuan Xu ◽  
Nuo Xu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jinsong Chen ◽  
Lushi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

Background The present study aimed to investigate longitudinal associations between bone mineral densities (BMDs) and appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) mass in different regions of the body using three different indicators, in Chinese community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly men. Methods A total of 1,343 men aged ≥ 40 years from a Chinese community were assessed at baseline (2014–2016), one-year follow-up (2016–2017; n = 648), two-year follow-up (2017–2018; n = 407), and three-year follow up (2018–2019; n = 208). At all the four time-points, measurements included ASM mass and BMDs for all regions of the body using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A questionnaire was completed by patients and biochemical markers were assessed. We applied three different indicators to define ASM mass or lean mass respectively, including the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASM adjusted by height, ASMI, according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia), skeletal muscle index (ASM adjusted by weight, SMI, according to the International Working Group on Sarcopenia), and the appendicular skeletal muscle/body mass index (ratio of ASM and Body mass index (BMI), ASM/BMI, according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health). After adjusting for potential confounders, the generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was used to analyze the trend in ASM mass over time, and to test the association between ASM mass and regional and whole-body BMDs. Results The incidence of low lean mass was 8.2% defined by ASMI, 16.3% defined by SMI, and 8.3% defined by ASM/BMI. There was a linear relationship between BMDs and ASM mass, and ASMI, ASM/BMI, and SMI gradually decreased with time. After adjusting for covariances, GAMM analysis determined longitudinal associations between BMDs and ASM mass by three indicators respectively: the skull BMD was negatively associated with ASM mass. For each unit increase in skull BMD, ASMI decreased by 0.28 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI) [−0.39 to −0.16]), ASM/BMI decreased by 0.02 m2 (95% CI [−0.03 to −0.00]), and SMI decreased by 0.01% (95% CI[−0.01 to −0.00]). The remaining parameters (including whole-body mean BMD, thoracic spinal BMD, lumbar spinal BMD, hip BMD, femoral neck BMD, pelvic BMD, left arm BMD, right arm BMD, left leg BMD, right leg BMD) were positively correlated with ASM mass. The ASMI increased by 3.07 kg/m2for each unit increase in the femoral neck BMD (95% CI [2.31–3.84]). The ASM/BMI increased by 0.22 m2for each unit increase in the left arm BMD (95% CI [0.12–0.33]), and the SMI increased by 0.05% per unit increase in the left arm BMD (95% CI [0.02–0.08]). Conclusions Compared to ASMI and ASM/BMI, SMI was more sensitive to screen for the low lean mass. Skull BMD was negatively associated with ASM mass, while BMDs throughout the rest of the body were positively correlated with ASM mass among the middle-aged and elderly Chinese men.

scholarly journals Serum levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D in adults with obesity sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nikolova ◽  
Alexander Penkov
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

AbstractIntroduction:Obesity has been linked with vitamin D deficiency in a number of cross-sectional studies, reviews and meta-analyses. To assess the correlations of plasma 25(OH) vitamin D levels with indices of body composition examined by DXA with an emphasis on lean and bone mass as well as on indices such as android/gynoid fat, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), fat-mass indexes (FMI), fat-free mass indexes (FFMI) and the ALM-to-BMI index.Materials and Methods:62 adult subjects consented to participate – 27 men (43.5 %) and 35 women (56.5 %). Their mean age was 45.3 ± 9.5 years. Fan-beam dual-energy X-ray (DXA) body composition analysis was performed on a Lunar Prodigy Pro bone densitometer with software version 12.30. Vitamin D was measured by electro-hemi-luminescent detection as 25(OH)D Total (ECLIA, Elecsys 2010 analyzer, Roche Diagnostics). Statistical analyses were done using the SPSS 23.0 statistical package.Results:The serum 25(OH)D level was correlated significantly only to the whole body bone mineral content, the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and the ALM-to-BMI index, underlining a predominant role for lean and fat-free mass. Vitamin D showed a very weak correlation to % Body Fat and the Fat Mass Index (FMI) in men only. Moreover, the multiple regression equation including the associated parameters could explain only 7 % of the variation in the serum 25(OH)D levels.Discussion:Our conclusion was, that there are differences in the associations of the vitamin D levels with the different body composition indices, but these associations are generally very weak and therefore – negligible.

scholarly journals BONE HEALTH, MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEAN MASS: RELATIONSHIPS AND EXERCISE RECOMMENDATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
Luciana Duarte Pimenta ◽  
Danilo Alexandre Massini ◽  
Daniel dos Santos ◽  
Camila Midori Takemoto Vasconcelos ◽  
Astor Reis Simionato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Study Results

ABSTRACT Although muscle strength, lean mass and bone mineral content/density (BMC/BMD) are consistently reported as major outcomes of resistance training (RT), there is still no agreement on the RT regimen that is capable of achieving this result in men and women of different ages. This study describes the effects of RT on muscle strength, lean mass and bone mineralization, highlighting the relationships between them and analyzing the effectiveness of the RT protocol. Information searches were conducted in open access online academic libraries, using the BMC/BMD indices combined with muscle strength, body composition, and resistance exercises. The results showed changes in BMC/BMD in 72% of the studies published in the last decade. Among these, 77% recommended loads ≥ 80% 1-RM, 61% involved older individuals (> 60 years) and 61% had planning protocols of between 3 and 5 months (~12-20 weeks). The results also highlight muscle strength as a promising index of variations in BMC/BMD, with a moderate to high level of association (r2>0.5), which are specific for men and women in relation to the body region with best responsiveness. Among the studies published in last decade, about 61% had protocols involving only RT, and of these, 82% observed combined changes in BMC/BMD, body composition and muscle strength. This review therefore concludes that RT is important for improving muscle strength, increasing lean mass (whole-body and regional) and preventing risk factors that could impair the mineral integrity of the bone tissue, in individuals of all ages and sexes. Level of Evidence I; Systematic review of Level I RCTs (and study results were homogenous).

scholarly journals Reference Values for Five-Repetition Chair Stand Test Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Community-Dwelling Chinese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Yan Gao ◽  
Yang Xia ◽  
Qi-Jun Wu ◽  
Qing Chang ◽  
Yu-Hong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test

Background: Previous studies on the five-repetition chair stand test (CS-5) are limited by the representativeness of the sample or the lack of reference equations for CS-5. Defined reference values for CS-5 in a large population are not available for middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.Objective: We established age- and sex-stratified reference values for CS-5 times in a large population in China, and to investigate the associations between demographic and anthropometric factors and CS-5 times.Methods: Analysis of data from the national baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey that includes 450 urban communities and rural villages within 28 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China.Results: Twelve thousand six hundred five of seventeen thousand seven hundred eight participants were included for the reference value analyses. Twelve thousand three hundred out of seventeen thousand seven hundred eight participants were included for the risk factor analyses. Of 12,605 participants, the mean CS-5 time was 10.13 s (SD, 3.32) in men and 11.03 s (SD, 3.54) in women aged 40+ year. The CS-5 times were shorter in men than women of all age categories (P &lt; 0.001). The cut-off points ranged from 5.36 to 9.98 s and from 6.48 to 10.29 s in men and women, respectively. Mean velocity was higher in men than in women (P &lt; 0.001). Age, waist circumference, living in a rural village, and having chronic diseases were positively associated with CS-5 time, whereas male, handgrip strength, currently married, income, and current or ex-drinker were negatively associated with CS-5 time in this population (all P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: The comprehensive normative values for CS-5 are essential for enabling clinicians to better evaluate functional performance, determine the appropriate interventional strategy, and promote healthy aging of older adults.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia in COPD: relationship with COPD severity and prognosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Munhoz da Rocha Lemos Costa ◽  
Fabio Marcelo Costa ◽  
Carolina Aguiar Moreira ◽  
Leda Maria Rabelo ◽  
César Luiz Boguszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Mass ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Gold Stage ◽  
Copd Patients

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in COPD patients, as well as to determine whether sarcopenia correlates with the severity and prognosis of COPD. Methods: A cross-sectional study with COPD patients followed at the pulmonary outpatient clinic of our institution. The patients underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made on the basis of the skeletal muscle index, defined as appendicular lean mass/height2 only for low-weight subjects and adjusted for fat mass in normal/overweight subjects. Disease severity (COPD stage) was evaluated with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. The degree of obstruction and prognosis were determined by the Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise capacity (BODE) index. Results: We recruited 91 patients (50 females), with a mean age of 67.4 ± 8.7 years and a mean BMI of 25.8 ± 6.1 kg/m2. Sarcopenia was observed in 36 (39.6%) of the patients, with no differences related to gender, age, or smoking status. Sarcopenia was not associated with the GOLD stage or with FEV1 (used as an indicator of the degree of obstruction). The BMI, percentage of body fat, and total lean mass were lower in the patients with sarcopenia than in those without (p < 0.001). Sarcopenia was more prevalent among the patients in BODE quartile 3 or 4 than among those in BODE quartile 1 or 2 (p = 0.009). The multivariate analysis showed that the BODE quartile was significantly associated with sarcopenia, regardless of age, gender, smoking status, and GOLD stage. Conclusions: In COPD patients, sarcopenia appears to be associated with unfavorable changes in body composition and with a poor prognosis.

scholarly journals To Assess and Correlate Cardiorespiratory Adaptations in Endurance-Trained Cyclist and Recreational Cyclist

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4058-4065
Author(s):  
Ananya Mandal ◽  
◽  
Gaurav Kadyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Road Cyclists

Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to compare and correlate HRV indices, body composition, and aerobic power (VO2max) in recreational cyclists and trained endurance (road) cyclists. 47 male cyclists participated in the study (age: 20.32 ± 0.365; height: 171.50 ± 1.117; BMI: 23.00 ± 0.47) divided into 3 groups (Group 1: Recreational cyclist; group 2: Delhi Cyclist, playing at State/National level; and group 3: IGI cyclist, playing at National/International level). Methods: The participants underwent body composition analysis (BMI, Subcutaneous whole body, body density, body fat %, lean body mass) and anthropometry profiling. HRV was recorded (RMSSD, pNN50%, SDNN, LH/HF ratio) at resting state (~5 minutes) using the Heartware Shimmer ECG device. Later 3 minutes McArdle step test was done to measure VO2 max. Result: The VO2max (F2, 44=22.821, P<0.001) and Body fat % (7-Fold) (F2, 44=6.772, P=0.003) differed significantly between the 3 groups of cyclists. A highly significant negative correlation was seen between cycling experience in years with Resting HR and LF/HF ratio (p<0.01) with their r- values at -.382 and -.448 respectively, and statistically significant negative correlation was indicated with Body fat% (7-fold), r=-.322 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Significant differences were seen in the aerobic capacity (VO2max) between all the 3 groups of cyclists. Improved VO2max in trained road cyclists can be particularly due to the nature of cycling (endurance) training, overall training volume, and reduction in the body fat % and fat mass, which further enhances the adaptations to autonomic control. KEY WORDS: adaptation, autonomic nervous system, body composition, cardiorespiratory, cyclist, endurance, HRV, recreational, road cycling, VO2max.

scholarly journals Circulatory microRNAs are not effective biomarkers of muscle size and function in middle-aged men

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. C293-C298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall F. D’Souza ◽  
Nina Zeng ◽  
Sally D. Poppitt ◽  
David Cameron-Smith ◽  
Cameron J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Lean Mass ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Function ◽  
Body Lean Mass

Loss of muscle size and strength with aging is a major cause of morbidity. Although muscle size and strength are measured by imaging or fiber cross-sectional staining and exercise testing, respectively, the development of circulatory biomarkers for these phenotypes would greatly simplify identification of muscle function deficits. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene translation and, thereby, contribute to muscle phenotype. To assess circulatory miRNAs (c-miRNAs) applicability as potential biomarkers of muscular phenotypes, fasting plasma and muscle samples were obtained from 50 middle-aged healthy men [mean  (SD); age: 48.8 yr (SD 4.5); BMI: 26.6 kg/m2 (SD 3.3)]. RT-PCR of 38 miRNAs with known regulatory function within skeletal muscle identified four c-miRNAs (miR-221, miR-451a, miR-361, and miR-146a) related to either total body lean mass, leg lean mass, and 50% thigh cross-sectional area (CSA), but not strength. There was no relationship with the expression of these miRNAs in muscle. Six miRNAs within muscle were correlated with whole body lean mass, leg lean mass, and isometric knee extension torque (miR-133a and miR-146a), and 50% thigh CSA (miR-486, miR-208b, miR-133b, and miR-208a). Only miR-23b demonstrated a relationship between tissue and circulatory expression; however, only 10% of the variance was explained. miR-146a in both plasma and muscle was related to phenotype; however, no relationship between plasma and muscle expression was evident. A different subset of miRNAs correlated to muscle phenotype in muscle compared with plasma samples, suggesting that c-miRNA biomarkers of muscle phenotype are likely unrelated to muscle expression in healthy individuals.

Removal of peri-ovarian adipose tissue affects follicular development and lipid metabolism†

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208
Author(s):  
Menliang Zhu ◽  
Qiyang Shen ◽  
Xiaolian Li ◽  
Jihong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Abnormal Lipid Metabolism

Abstract The development and maturity of follicles are regulated by sex hormones and growth factors. It has been proven that peri-ovarian adipose tissue (POAT) plays an important role in folliculogenesis and fertility in the female ICR and KM mice. The aim of the present study was to further investigate whether the removal of bilateral POAT affected follicular development and lipid metabolism in the female C57BL/6 J mice. Female C57BL/6 J mice at 6-week old were sham-operated (Sham) or removed bilateral POAT (Surgery). After 2 weeks, the mice were subjected to the body composition analysis and indirect calorimetry measurement. Our results show that the Surgery mice exhibited abnormal follicular development, including increased follicular dysplasia and atresia, decreased serum sex hormone levels, and abnormal expression of follicular development-related genes. Correspondingly, the endometrial thickness of the Surgery mice was less than the Sham mice. In addition, the Surgery mice had abnormal lipid metabolism, including reduced fat mass, increased energy expenditure, and up-regulated gene and protein expression involved in lipolysis. These data confirmed the importance of POAT in the follicular development in the female reproduction and suggested the contribution of POAT to the whole-body lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Relationships between carotid artery intima-media thickness and echogenicity and body composition using a new magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based technique

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254732
Author(s):  
Lars Lind ◽  
Joel Kullberg ◽  
Håkan Ahlström ◽  
Robin Strand
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Media Thickness

Background We evaluated how carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and the echogenicity of the intima-media (IM-GSM), measured by ultrasound, were related to body composition, evaluated by both traditional imaging techniques, as well as with a new voxel-based “Imiomics” technique. Methods In 321 subjects all aged 50 years in the POEM study, IMT and IM-GSM were measured together with a DXA scan for determination of fat and lean mass. Also a whole-body MRI scan was performed and the body volume was divided into >1 million voxels in a standardized fashion. IMT and IM-GSM were related to each of these voxels to create a 3D-view of how these measurements were related to size of each part of the body. Results IM-GSM was inversely related to almost all traditional measurements of body composition, like fat and lean mass, liver fat, visceral and subcutaneous fat, but this was not seen for IMT. Using Imiomics, IMT was positively related to the intraabdominal fat volume, as well of the leg skeletal muscle in women. In males, IMT was mainly positively related to the leg skeletal muscle volume. IM-GSM was inversely related to the volume of the SAT in the upper part of the body, leg skeletal muscle, the liver and intraabdominal fat in both men and women. Conclusion The voxel-based Imiomics technique provided a detailed view of how the echogenicity of the carotid artery wall was related to body composition, being inversely related to the volume of the major fat depots, as well as leg skeletal muscle.

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