Interaction effects of socioeconomic position in the association between eating location and diet quality in Portuguese children and adolescents: results from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical activity survey 2015-2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Pedro Pimenta ◽  
Carla Lopes ◽  
Daniela Correia ◽  
Duarte Torres ◽  
Sara Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
24 Hour Recall

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the interaction effect of socioeconomic environment (SEE) in the relationship between the eating location (EL) and diet quality, in children and adolescents. Data included children and adolescents (3-17y) from a National Dietary Survey Sample (IAN-AF 2015/2016, n=987). Dietary intake was obtained by 2-day food diaries (children) or 2-24-hour-recall (adolescents). Participants were classified into four groups of EL: “Home”, “Other homes”, “School” and “Restaurants”. Diet quality was measured as a higher adherence to a healthy eating pattern. A previous developed socioeconomic classification was used, and participants were grouped as belonging to a low socioeconomic environment (LSE) or middle-high socioeconomic environment (MHSE). Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between EL and diet quality, stratified by the SEE. One-quarter of participants was classified in the “Home” group, 14% in “Other homes”, 17% in “Restaurants” and 45% in “School”. A statistically significant interaction effect was found (p<0.01) for the SEE in the association between eating location and diet quality. After adjustment for potential confounders, in LSE, children and adolescents belonging to “Other homes” (β̂=−2.07; 95%CI:−3.70;−0.44) and “Restaurants” (β̂=−3.31; 95%CI:−5.08;−1.54) had lower scores in the diet quality score, comparing to “Home”. In MHSE, comparing to “Home”, “Restaurants” showed lower diet quality (β̂=−1.56; 95%CI:−2.65;−0.48), while the “School” had better diet quality (β̂=0.90; 95%CI:0.16;1.64). The SEE influences the association between EL and diet quality and, belonging to more disadvantaged SEE, might represent a higher risk of unhealthy eating habits when eating out-of-home compared to when eating at home.

scholarly journals A lipid-related metabolomic pattern of diet quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1613-1630
Author(s):  
Minoo Bagheri ◽  
Walter Willett ◽  
Mary K Townsend ◽  
Peter Kraft ◽  
Kerry L Ivey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Complementary Approach

ABSTRACT Background Adherence to a healthy diet has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. Identifying nutritional biomarkers of diet quality may be complementary to traditional questionnaire-based methods and may provide insights concerning disease mechanisms and prevention. Objective To identify metabolites associated with diet quality assessed via the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and its components. Methods This cross-sectional study used FFQ data and plasma metabolomic profiles, mostly lipid related, from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, n = 1460) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, n = 1051). Linear regression models assessed associations of the AHEI and its components with individual metabolites. Canonical correspondence analyses (CCAs) investigated overlapping patterns between AHEI components and metabolites. Principal component analysis (PCA) and explanatory factor analysis were used to consolidate correlated metabolites into uncorrelated factors. We used stepwise multivariable regression to create a metabolomic score that is an indicator of diet quality. Results The AHEI was associated with 83 metabolites in the NHS and 96 metabolites in the HPFS after false discovery rate adjustment. Sixty-three of these significant metabolites overlapped between the 2 cohorts. CCA identified “healthy” AHEI components (e.g., nuts, whole grains) and metabolites (n = 27 in the NHS and 33 in the HPFS) and “unhealthy” AHEI components (e.g., red meat, trans fat) and metabolites (n = 56 in the NHS and 63 in the HPFS). PCA-derived factors composed of highly saturated triglycerides, plasmalogens, and acylcarnitines were associated with unhealthy AHEI components while factors composed of highly unsaturated triglycerides were linked to healthy AHEI components. The stepwise regression analysis contributed to a metabolomics score as a predictor of diet quality. Conclusion We identified metabolites associated with healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors. The observed associations were largely similar between men and women, suggesting that metabolomics can be a complementary approach to self-reported diet in studies of diet and chronic disease.

scholarly journals Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity in Malaysian Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shooka Mohammadi ◽  
Muhammad Jalaludin ◽  
Tin Su ◽  
Maznah Dahlui ◽  
Mohd Azmi Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Malaysian Adolescents

The increased prevalence of unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles among Malaysian adolescents has become a public health concern. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence from observational studies related to diet and physical activity (PA) among Malaysian adolescents (13–18 years) and to recognize the associations between determinants of diet and PA and diet and PA behaviours. A systematic search for observational studies published from August 1990 through August 2017 was conducted via PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane and Web of Science. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria; these were independently extracted by two reviewers. Gender and ethnicity were the most commonly studied correlates of diet and PA; males were more physically active and they tended to have poorer diet quality and higher energy and macronutrient intakes in comparison to females; Malay adolescents had a lower diet quality and Chinese adolescents spent less time in PA compared to other ethnicities. However, the significance of these associations was often small or inconsistent. This review highlights the lack of longitudinal observational studies but summarizes the best available evidence for policymakers and public health practitioners to improve the diet and the level of PA in Malaysian adolescents.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed food consumption, socio-demographics, and diet quality in Australian adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Laura Marchese ◽  
Katherine M. Livingstone ◽  
Julie L. Woods ◽  
Kate Wingrove ◽  
Priscila Machado
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
24 Hour Recall

Abstract Objective: To examine how socio-demographic characteristics and diet quality vary with consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of Australian adults. Design: Using a 24-hour recall, this cross-sectional analysis of dietary and socio-demographic data classified food items using the NOVA system, estimated the percentage of total energy contributed by UPFs and assessed diet quality using the Dietary Guideline Index (DGI – 2013 total and components). Linear regression models examined associations between socio-demographic characteristics and diet quality with percentage of energy from UPFs. Setting: Australian Health Survey 2011-13 Participants: Australian Adults aged ≥ 19 years (n=8,209) Results: Consumption of UPFs was higher among younger adults (19-30 years), adults born in Australia, those experiencing greatest area level disadvantage, lower levels of education, and the second lowest household income quintile. No significant association was found for sex or rurality. A higher percentage of energy from UPFs was inversely associated with diet quality and with lower DGI scores related to the variety of nutritious foods, fruits, vegetables, total cereals, meat and poultry, fish, eggs, nuts and seeds, legumes/beans, water and limits on discretionary foods, saturated fat and added sugar. Conclusions: This research adds to the evidence on dietary inequalities across Australia and how UPFs are detrimental to diet quality. The findings can be used to inform interventions to reduce UPF consumption and improve diet quality.

scholarly journals The Chinese Adolescent Cohort Study: Design, Implementation, and Major Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruonan Duan ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Shufang Shan ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Jingyuan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Chinese Adolescent ◽  
Cohort Study Design

The importance of diet quality on children's growth is being increasingly recognized. The Chinese Adolescent Cohort (CAC) is a longitudinal cohort study to comprehensively investigate the health impacts of nutritional factors on child growth. From 2013 to 2018, 6,967 children aged 6–8 years have been recruited from 23 primary schools in Sichuan, Guizhou, and Chongqing, which have been planned to be followed up annually until their age of 15 years. Regular assessments included the measurement of height, weight, waist circumference, and skinfold thicknesses; pubertal development was examined by trained investigators according to Tanner stages; dietary intake was obtained by three 24-h recalls and food frequency questionnaire; validated questionnaires were used to estimate socio-demographic characteristics, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors. Findings from the CAC baseline and the first follow-up data suggested that higher protein intake among girls and unhealthy eating habits among children might increase the risk for childhood obesity. Also, higher intakes of grain and meat and lower overall diet quality and intakes of dietary fiber and tuber might be associated with advanced pubertal development. Those results indicated that the CAC study could contribute to the development of strategies for optimizing Chinese children's health.

scholarly journals Eating Habits of Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy in Latvia

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 350-356
Author(s):  
Zane Vīksna ◽  
Renāte Ligere
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Epileptic Children ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Fried Potatoes

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the eating habits of epileptic children and adolescents. Forty one patients (12 girls and 14 boys aged 0-10 years, and 10 girls and 5 boys aged 11-18 years) were enrolled in the study. A survey on consumption rate of different dietary products was conducted. The diet groups considered were carbohydrates, fat, protein, fibre and liquid. We found that 35-58% of patients aged 0-10 years used soda drinks, juices and popcorn regularly. The proportion was more than two times in adolescents. Consumption of sweets in both age groups was 83-100%. Half of children aged 0-10 years said that they ate chips and fried potatoes regularly and 80-100% of adolescents consumed these products at least once a week. Half of the boys and almost all younger girls consumed various milk products daily; adolescent epileptic boys consumed milk products two times more than girls. Among older girls, 40% did not drink milk. The youngest girls consumed meat and fish 1.5 to 3.5 times more than boys, while the number of boys consuming these products increased with age. It was estimated that 75-100% of patients ate fruits and vegetables daily. Only two children and two adolescents were found to drink lots of water. In conclusion, children and adolescents with epilepsy preferred meals rich in carbohydrates and fat, rather than protein; a high number of the evaluated patients drank soda drinks and juices several times a week; only a few had intake of water daily; and all patients ate fruits and vegetables daily, thus compensating unhealthy eating habits.

Interaction of DRD4 Methylation and Phthalate Metabolites Affects Continuous Performance Test Performance in ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Inhyang Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Kim ◽  
Inkyung Shin ◽  
Bung-Nyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Phthalate Metabolite ◽  
Omission Errors

Objective: We investigated the interaction effect between the methylation of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and phthalate exposure in ADHD on continuous performance test (CPT) variables. Method: Urine concentrations of mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) were tested. The methylation status was analyzed for CpG sites of DRD4. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to investigate the interaction effects of methylation and phthalate levels. Results: There was a significant interaction effect of the methylation of CpG26 and CpG28 with the MEHHP level on omission errors in ADHD patients, but not in controls. The post hoc analysis revealed a significant correlation between the MEHHP concentration and omission errors in the methylated group, but not in the unmethylated group. Conclusion: The interaction between the methylation status of CpG sites of DRD4, particularly CpG26 and CpG28, and phthalate metabolite levels affects the attention level in ADHD patients.

EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON GRAIN YIELD OF CRAB GRASS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
S. O. Bakare ◽  
M. G. M. Kolo ◽  
J. A. Oladiran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Sowing Dates

There was a significant interaction effect between the variety and the sowing date for the number of productive tillers, indicating that the response to sowing date varied with the variety. A significant reduction in the number of productive tillers became evident when sowing was delayed till 26 June in the straggling variety as compared to sowing dates in May. Lower numbers of productive tillers were also recorded when the sowing of the erect variety was further delayed till 10 July. The grain yield data showed that it is not advisable to sow the straggling variety later than 12 June, while sowing may continue till about 26 June for the erect variety in the study area.

DIET QUALITY OF MOROCCAN ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN MOROCCO AND IN SPAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Del Pilar Montero ◽  
Ana Isabel Mora-Urda ◽  
Karim Anzid ◽  
Mohamed Cherkaoui ◽  
M. Dolores Marrodan
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The North ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
And Migration

SummaryIntra-population socioeconomic changes and migration are powerful factors in changing eating habits. Changes in eating habits could affect the nutritional status, growth, development and health of adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare the diet of adolescents of Moroccan origin living in Spain with that of adolescents living in Morocco. The sample comprised 428 Moroccan adolescents aged from 12 to 19 recruited in high schools: 327 living in Ouarzazate (Morocco) and 101 living in Madrid (Spain). The variables studied were energy intake (kcal/day), diet quality indicators (adherence to the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI); cholesterol intake (mg/day); fibre intake (g/day) and energy profile)); and indicators of keeping traditional customs (halalmeat consumption, bread made at home). Teenagers from Morocco living in Madrid consumed more calories, proteins, saturated fats and simple sugars (p<0.001) than those living in Morocco. Their diet was of lower quality than that of their peers in Morocco. This difference was more marked in boys than in girls. Changes in eating habits associated with migration from the south to the north Mediterranean basin can benefit young migrants in an immediate way (through greater availability of energy and nutrients), but later in life it could have negative consequences for their health, increasing the risk of overweight, obesity and cardiovascular and metabolic problems.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Diet Quality Modify the Association between Comorbidity and Disability among Stroke Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Lien T. K. Nguyen ◽  
Binh N. Do ◽  
Dinh N. Vu ◽  
Khue M. Pham ◽  
Manh-Tan Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Disability Score ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Comorbidity is common and causes poor stroke outcomes. We aimed to examine the modifying impacts of physical activity (PA) and diet quality on the association between comorbidity and disability in stroke patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 951 stable stroke patients in Vietnam from December 2019 to December 2020. The survey questionnaires were administered to assess patients’ characteristics, clinical parameters (e.g., Charlson Comorbidity Index items), health-related behaviors (e.g., PA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire- short version), health literacy, diet quality (using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Quality (DASH-Q) questionnaire), and disability (using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II)). Linear regression models were used to analyze the associations and interactions. Results: The proportion of comorbidity was 49.9% (475/951). The scores of DASH-Q and WHODAS II were 29.2 ± 11.8, 32.3 ± 13.5, respectively. Patients with comorbidity had a higher score of disability (regression coefficient, B, 8.24; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI, 6.66, 9.83; p < 0.001) as compared with those without comorbidity. Patients with comorbidity and higher tertiles of PA (B, −4.65 to −5.48; p < 0.05), and a higher DASH-Q score (B, −0.32; p < 0.001) had a lower disability score, as compared with those without comorbidity and the lowest tertile of PA, and the lowest score of DASH-Q, respectively. Conclusions: Physical activity and diet quality significantly modified the negative impact of comorbidity on disability in stroke patients. Strategic approaches are required to promote physical activity and healthy diet which further improve stroke rehabilitation outcomes.

scholarly journals Caregiver Status and Diet Quality in Community-Dwelling Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Sharmin Hossain ◽  
May A. Beydoun ◽  
Michele K. Evans ◽  
Alan B. Zonderman ◽  
Marie F. Kuczmarski
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: We investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of diet quality with middle-aged caregiver status. Methods: Caregiving in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (57.7% women, 62% African American (AA)) was measured at waves 3 (2009–2013) and 4 (2013–2017) (mean follow-up time 4.1 years). Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) derived from two separate 24 h diet recalls. Multivariable ordinary least square regression was performed for cross-sectional analyses of the association of wave 4 caregiving with wave 4 HEI-2010. Wave 3 caregiving was examined both cross-sectionally and with annual rate of change in HEI using mixed-effects linear regression Models. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, and poverty status. Results: Cross-sectional analyses at wave 4 demonstrate an inverse association of frequent caregiving (“Daily or Weekly” vs. “Never”) for grandchildren with HEI-2010 total score (i.e., lower diet quality) among Whites (β = −2.83 ± 1.19, p = 0.03, Model 2) and AAs (β = −1.84 ± 0.79, p = 0.02,). The “cross-sectional” analysis pertaining to grandchildren caregiving frequency suggested that frequent caregiving (i.e., “Daily or Weekly” vs. “Never” (β = −2.90 ± 1.17, p = 0.04)) only among Whites was inversely related to HEI-2010 total score. Total HEI-2010 score was also related to caring (Model 1), for the elderly over “5 years vs. Never” among Whites (−7.31 ± 3.54, p = 0.04, Model 2). Longitudinally, we found slight potential improvement in diet quality over time (“Daily or Weekly” vs. Never by TIME interaction: +0.88 ± 0.38, p = 0.02) with frequent caregiving among Whites, but not so among AAs. Conclusions: Frequent caring for grandchildren had an inverse relationship with the diet quality of White and AA urban middle-aged caregivers, while caring for elderly was inversely linked to diet quality among Whites only. Longitudinal studies should address the paucity of research on caregivers’ nutritional quality.

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