The Inequality of Markets

Dialogue ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ronald Dworkin ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
The One ◽  
Economics And Politics ◽  
Proper Account

For some time there have been arguments in favour of the claim that “free markets” are necessary for a proper account of distributive justice. Traditionally the arguments have come from two quarters. On the one hand markets are recommended for reasons of efficiency. This fits into a utilitarian argument claiming that market economies best promote the greatest good when compared to the alternatives. On the other hand there is a libertarian argument claiming that only free markets are consistent with individual liberty. Neither of these arguments have been met with widespread support. However, Ronald Dworkin has offered an argument supporting markets that breaks new ground. He argues that market economies have the considerable virtue of treating people as “equals” with respect to their preferences for goods and careers. This fits well with his larger claim that social justice in economics and politics requires treating people as equals.

Alternative Approaches to Regional Equity and Racial Justice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward G. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Community Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Racial Equity ◽  
Regional Equity ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

This chapter provides an overview of two different ways of working towards racial justice and regional equity. The two approaches are integration efforts on the one hand and community development efforts on the other. The tension between these two approaches is described as a conflict among groups that are generally allied on issues of social justice. It is argued that this debate is a tension within a race-conscious policy alliance, and represents a disagreement about how best to achieve the common goal of racial equity.

scholarly journals Diversion, Rights and Social Justice

Youth Justice ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 147322542090284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Delinquent Behaviour ◽  
Justice Model ◽  
The One

This article draws on historical understandings and contemporary models of diversion in order to develop a critical framework and agenda for progressive practice. The argument essentially revolves around the contention that typically diversionary interventions have been constrained by the contextual and ideological frames within which they operate. They have in some cases been highly successful in reducing the numbers of young people being drawn into the formal criminal justice system; however, this has largely been achieved pragmatically, by way of an accommodation with the prevailing logic of penal practices. Young people have been diverted at least partly because they have been ascribed a lesser level of responsibility for their actions, whether by virtue of age or other factors to which their delinquent behaviour is attributed. This ultimately sets limits to diversion, on the one hand, and also offers additional legitimacy to the further criminalisation of those who are not successfully ‘diverted’, on the other. By contrast, the article concludes that a ‘social justice’ model of diversion must ground its arguments in principles of children’s rights and the values of inclusion and anti-oppressive practice.

The Market, Preferences, and Equality

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M. Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Ronald Dworkin ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Equitable Distribution ◽  
Political Morality ◽  
Mutual Advantage ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Egalitarian Justice

The perfectly competitive market of economic theory often enters political philosophy because it can be represented as illuminating important values. Theorists who are enthusiastic about the heuristic potential of the market claim that we can learn much about individual liberty, the promotion of mutual advantage and efficiency in the distribution of goods by studying it. However, a principal limitation of the market for many theorists is its supposed insensitivity to the demands of egalitarian justice. According to the standard charge, markets—even idealised ones—are hostile to the achievement and maintenance of an equitable distribution of resources. It is striking, then, that a leading exponent of egalitarian justice like Ronald Dworkin should argue that there are very deep and systematic links between equality and the market. He contends that, contrary to the received view, “the best theory of equality supposes some actual or hypothetical market in justifying a particular distribution of goods and opportunities.” Moreover, the articulation of Dworkin’s influential egalitarian account of liberal political morality depends on acceptance of the market as an ally of equality. Thus Dworkin claims not only that the market plays a crucial role in the elaboration of a doctrine of distributive justice but also that it illuminates the distinctively liberal commitments to the protection of extensive individual liberty and to the requirement that the state must be neutral between different conceptions of the good. The aim of this paper is to raise some doubts about the soundness of one of the fundamental onnections Dworkin draws between the market and distributive justice.

Race, Money and Medicines

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gregg Bloche
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disease Expression ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
Past Wrongs

Taking notice of race is both risky and inevitable, in medicine no less than in other endeavors. The literature on race as a classifying tool in clinical research poses this core dilemma: On the one hand, race can be a useful stand-in for unstudied genetic and environmental factors that yield differences in disease expression and therapeutic response. On the other hand, racial distinctions have social meanings that are often pejorative or worse, especially when these distinctions are cast as culturally or biologically fixed. Our country's troubled past in this regard and the persistence of race-related disadvantage should keep us on notice about this hazard. Yet paying attention to race in order to ameliorate past wrongs sometimes supports the quest for social justice, as Dorothy Roberts points out in this issue. And at times, as Jay Cohn and Raj Bhopal note, attention to race can make a therapeutic difference, to the point of saving lives.

scholarly journals Medical professionalism in psychiatry

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Susham Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Medical Professionalism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Loss Of Autonomy ◽  
The One

SummaryThe principles of primacy of patient welfare, patient autonomy and social justice are fundamental to medical and psychiatric professionalism. Medical professionalism is also about encouraging and celebrating good practice. As a set of values and behaviours on the one hand, and relationships with patients, carers and other stakeholders on the other, the implicit contract between psychiatry and society needs to be renegotiated regularly. Serious threats to medical professionalism in the past 30 years have led to the demoralisation of professionals. Learned helplessness and a perceived loss of autonomy have been recognised as important factors in the ‘loss’ of professionalism. Psychiatry as a profession needs to identify its core attributes, skills and competencies. Professionalism should allow individuals to set and maintain their own standards of care.

Liberalism with Excellence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ronald Dworkin ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Endeavor ◽  
The One

During the past several decades, political philosophers have frequently debated whether governments are morally required to remain neutral among reasonable conceptions of excellence and human flourishing. Whereas the numerous followers of John Rawls (and kindred philosophers such as Ronald Dworkin) have maintained that a requirement of neutrality is indeed incumbent on every system of governance, other philosophers—often designated as “perfectionists”—have argued against such a requirement. Liberalism with Excellence enters these debates not by plighting itself unequivocally to one side or the other, but instead by reconceiving each of the sides and thus by redirecting the disputes between them. On the one hand, the book rejects the requirement of neutrality by contending that certain governmental subsidies for the promotion of excellence in sundry areas of human endeavor can be proper and vital. Advocating such departures from the constraint of neutrality, the book presents a version of liberalism that can rightly be classified as “perfectionist.” On the other hand, the species of perfectionism espoused in Liberalism with Excellence diverges markedly from the theories that have usually been so classified. Indeed, much of the book assails various aspects of those theories. What is more, the aspirational perfectionism elaborated in the closing chapters of the volume is reconcilable in most key respects with a suitably amplified version of Rawlsianism. Hence, by reconceiving both the perfectionist side and the neutralist side of the prevailing disputation, Liberalism with Excellence combines and transforms their respective insights.

scholarly journals In My Name and the Name of All People Who Live in Misery: Rap in the Wake of Revolution in Tunisia and Egypt

Young ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Sánchez García ◽  
Carles Feixa Pàmpols
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Music Scenes ◽  
Mixed Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Motivating Factor

Rap and mahragan were the sound of youths that demanded freedom and social justice in Tahrir Square and in Tunisia Parliament Square sit-ins during 2011. It may have been, not merely the soundtrack of the revolution, but a motivating factor in bringing people into the streets and reshaping their basic political subjectivity: a core process of any revolutionary change in a country’s social and political structures. On the one hand, rap and mahragan are used by young people as a way of calling into question the processes of marginalization. On the other hand, young people use it as a way of participating in public life. Despite its differences, from a mixed analysis using the data collected in the SAHWA project, both qualitative and quantitative, this article proves how rap and mahragan music scenes (re)produce informal spaces as an alternative to their social marginalization and positioned them into Tunisian and Egyptian political arenas in different places according to environmental political dialectics.

Black Pentecostal Hermeneutics?

Pneuma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-217
Author(s):  
Antipas L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Black Theology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Dialogue ◽  
Social Advocacy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Black Pentecostal ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This essay advances hermeneutical insights for emerging black pentecostal scholars to consider. The salient question is, “What distinguishes black Pentecostalism?” This study revisits James H. Cone’s sources for black theology for insight into the role of blackness in shaping black Pentecostalism. On the one hand, the study dispels the myth that black Pentecostalism is inherently a spiritual alternative to the fight for social justice. On the other hand, it calls for critical dialogue between Cone’s sources for black theology and black Pentecostalism to advance scholarship on the formation of black pentecostal hermeneutics. This essay explains that blackness is more than a cultural and experiential reality. Blackness is a theological source that correlates with other sources in shaping black Pentecostalism. Blackness, moreover, legitimates black pentecostal proclivities for the integration of the faith, spirituality, and social advocacy. Theological blackness in Pentecostalism has historically distinguished black Pentecostalism from subsequent white Pentecostalism.

3. Liberal Equality

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Kymlicka
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radical Politics ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the notion of liberal equality by considering John Rawls’s alternative to utilitarianism. In his A Theory of Justice, Rawls complains that political theory was caught between two extremes: utilitarianism on the one side, and what he calls ‘intuitionism’ on the other. The chapter presents Rawls’s ideas, first by discussing the two arguments he gives for his answer to the question of justice: the intuitive equality of opportunity argument and the social contract argument. It also analyses Ronald Dworkin’s views on equality of resources, focusing on his theory that involves the use of auctions, insurance schemes, free markets, and taxation. Finally, it explores the politics of liberal equality, arguing that liberals need to think seriously about adopting more radical politics.

scholarly journals Education, Development, and Capabilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Rajesh Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Education Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Philosophical Nature

This paper argues that a deeper appreciation of the philosophical nature of oppression is required in our age of globalization, science and technology, particularly for rethinking educational systems aimed at social justice, equality and liberation in developing countries. It draws on the inspiring concepts of Paolo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed, which itself is indebted to the philosophical innovation of the philosopher Hegel. The aim of the article is to outline various ways to analyze the requirements for critical consciousness to rise given the dialectical contradiction of scientific and technological progress on the one hand and new forms of alienation that arise from anonymity and the dissolution of the self on the other. At stake is how we understand the process and ends of ‘sustainable development’ to achieve greater inclusion and social justice in a multicultural, pluralistic and intrinsically heterogeneous globalized world.

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